Linz woolen factory

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The Linzer Wollzeugfabrik was a textile manufacturer founded in Linz in 1672 , which manufactured fabrics from sheep wool and cotton as well as other textile products under various names . In the early days of the industrial age, it was Austria's first textile factory. The woolen factory was shut down in 1850, and the Linz tobacco factory was built on part of the site in 1929 .

history

The Linz councilor Christian Sint founded the Linz woolen factory in 1672 under the name “Zeug und Catis” factory. After six years, Sint ceded the factory to his son-in-law Mathias Kolb and his heirs. In a contract dated November 4, 1716, which was confirmed by the government on January 15, 1717, Dominik Kolb von Kolbenthurm (or Kolbenthal) ceded his factory to the “Soldatten Spital und Großes Armenhaus” in front of the Schottentore in Vienna the site of the old general hospital ). On March 27, 1722, it was assigned to the Second Oriental Trading Company in Vienna, founded in 1719 (confirmed on October 6, 1722). The Oriental Compagnie commissioned the Upper Austrian Baroque architect Johann Michael Prunner to expand the factory, which was given a castle-like appearance between 1722 and 1726. In 1754 the company was nationalized under Empress Maria Theresia and renamed "KK Aerarial-Wollenzeug-, Tuch- und Carpetfabrik zu Linz".

Linz woolen factory around 1890

Until 1795 the product range comprised only 30 types of sheep's wool, later also fine cloth made of cotton and cashmere wool as well as carpets . Textile printing technology products such as printed tablecloths and upholstery fabrics were manufactured from 1859.

About 10,000 to 12,000 people were employed when it was taken over by the rulers. In 1764 the importation of foreign wool products was banned and production was free for everyone in the country. From 1774 the Linz woolen factory employed forced laborers such as vagrants, beggars and prisoners, in 1780 26,000 people were employed. In 1791 the highest number of employees was reached - of the 49,292 employees, 100 were workers in the factory, all the rest were employed at home . In 1816 there were just over 40,000 workers.

After the plant was shut down in 1850, the Linz tobacco factory was erected on part of the site and in 1915 more than 1 billion cigarettes were produced for the first time.

There were bitter debates towards the end of the 1960s about the preservation of the outwardly castle-like and representative building. Friedrich Achleitner spoke of a "demolition scandal". After all, the buildings of this first textile factory were demolished in 1969, despite considerable protests. Only the former twisting mill, the "Zwirnerstöckl" at the Untere Donaulände number 66, remained.

Appreciation

In 1928, Sintstraße was named after the founder, a dead end street which runs from Schiffbaustraße 10 near the Danube in a south-easterly direction.

literature

  • Gustav Otruba : Linz, his new prison, the brass factory in Lichtenegg Castle near Wels and the woolen factory in Linz in reports in the "Vaterländische Blätter" 1812-1816. In: Landesinstitut für Volksbildung und Heimatpflege in Oberösterreich (Ed.): Oberösterreichische Heimatblätter . 43rd year, Linz 1989, issue No. 4, pp. 316–318 (full article, pp. 295–318, online (PDF; 4.2 MB) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at).
  • Harry Kühnel: The social care of the staff of the Linz woolen factory in the age of enlightened absolutism. In: Historical yearbook of the city of Linz. Linz 1960, pp. 137–169 ( online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at).
  • Lothar Schultes: Linz carpets. Precious items from the woolen factory . Exhibition catalog, Schlossmuseum Linz, June 28 - October 17, 2000. Ed .: Schlossmuseum Linz. Trauner, Linz 2000, ISBN 3-85474-050-6 .
  • Technology Reader Wollzeugfabrik Linz . 2011 ( PDF (105 MB) on ZOBODAT - a 407-page collection of documents on the woolen factory).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cattis or Cardis (from French carder , 'to comb') was a tightly knitted textile fabric (stuff) made of combed sheep's wool. See the Economic Encyclopedia by Johann Georg Krünitz (1773–1858).
  2. ↑ See Die Presse , 9. – 10. March 1968.
  3. ↑ Zwirnerstöckl. In: stadtgeschichte.linz.at. Retrieved March 23, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Sintstrasse. In: stadtgeschichte.linz.at. Retrieved on March 23, 2020 (City of Linz website via Sintstraße).