Adam von Herberstorff

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Adam von Herberstorff , copper engraving by Lucas Kilian (1624)
Oil portrait of Herberstorff (17th century)

Adam Graf von Herberstorff (since 1623 Count * 15. April 1585 at Schloss Kalsdorf in Ilz ; † 11. September 1629 on Castle Place on Traunsee ) was an Austrian nobleman and officer who for eight years Bavarian governor and then governor of Upper Austria was and went down in history as the suppressor of the Protestant peasant uprisings in Upper Austria .

origin

Frankenburg dice game - tin figures diorama from the Peuerbach Peasants' War Museum (excerpt)

Adam Graf von Herberstorff came from the Austrian noble family von Herberstorff , whose ancestral seat, Herbersdorf Castle, is located today in Allerheiligen near Wildon in the Leibnitz district in Styria , on the left bank of the Mur. He was the son of Otto Freiherr von Herberstorff, (* August 6, 1551, † late 1601) who married Benigna von Lengheim in Radkersburg on September 16, 1576. Adam was a grandson of Franz von Herberstorff and his second wife Elisabeth von Herberstein .

biography

Like his parents, Adam von Herberstorff was originally a Protestant, so he did not study in Austria, but in Lauingen on the Danube and in Strasbourg and then entered the service of the Protestant Count Palatine Philipp Ludwig in Neuburg on the Danube . From 1610 to 1611 he was a nurse in Beratzhausen , from 1612 to 1614 a district judge in Sulzbach and in 1614 a nurse in Reichertshofen . After Count Palatine Wolfgang Wilhelm took office in 1614, Herberstorff, who converted to Catholicism like the Count Palatine , became its privy councilor and governor in the Duchy of Palatinate-Neuburg and, despite the opposition of the estates, zealously and emphatically promoted the recatholization of the city and duchy of Neuburg. In 1619 he joined the Bavarian Army as a cavalry captain and served there from 1620 as a colonel in a cuirassier regiment .

On October 8, 1619, at the beginning of the Thirty Years' War , the important Treaty of Munich was signed between Emperor Ferdinand II and Duke Maximilian I of Bavaria - the head of the Oberland directorate of the Catholic League , known as the “Magna Charta of the great Catholic Alliance ”has been designated. In this, the emperor undertook to be liable with all his possessions for all damage caused to the duke from the conduct of the war against the Protestants and to pay him the costs of the campaign - etc. a. by pledging the provinces that Maximilian would wrest from the enemy - to replace. Herberstorff distinguished himself in the submission of the Protestant estates of Upper Austria by Duke Maximilian of Bavaria in July 1620. On August 20, 1620, the Duke in Linz presented him to the Upper Austrian estates as governor of the land that had been conquered and pledged to Bavaria by Emperor Ferdinand II.

Before he took office, Herberstorff joined the army of the Catholic League with his troops and took part in the decisive battle of the White Mountain on November 8, 1620 . As a result, he bought the goods Toužetín and Bitozeves in the Rakonitz and Saaz districts, which had been agreed to by the Protestant knight Hruška von Březno , the Bohemian Incolat, and was elevated to the rank of count by Emperor Ferdinand II on April 8, 1623 . He also received the rule of Ort am Traunsee, which had previously belonged to the Lords of Scherffenberg , and the rule of Tollet in the Hausruckviertel , which had been withdrawn from the Protestant family of Jörger von Tollet . In 1625 Herberstorff was accepted into the old gentry of Austria ob der Enns (today Upper Austria). During his eight-year governorship, Count Herberstorff resided in Linz Castle as head of the Bavarian administration in Upper Austria . At the request of Emperor Ferdinand, the violent recatholization of the country took place under his responsibility according to the counter-Reformation legal principle cuius regio, eius religio .

In May 1625 a rebellion broke out over the appointment of a Catholic pastor in Frankenburg am Hausruck , in which around 5,000 armed subjects finally took part. Count Herberstorff proceeded with the utmost severity. In application of martial law , he let the representatives of the towns and parishes involved in the riot roll for their lives on May 15 at Haushamerfeld and hang the 17 losers without trial ( Frankenburger dice game ) . The spark for another uprising was provided on May 17, 1626 by a scuffle in Lembach in the Mühlviertel , in which six Bavarian soldiers were slain. The peasants rose up under Stefan Fadinger and Christoph Zeller in a general uprising against the hated governor, which was also joined by urban craftsmen and representatives of the urban intelligentsia and even a few aristocrats such as Achaz Willinger (Fadinger's successor as head captain). Since up to 40,000 men were under arms, they were able to inflict severe defeats on Herberstorff's mercenaries several times - especially in front of Peuerbach - and besiege him in the provincial capital Linz . Only through the cooperation of the Austrian and Bavarian troops under the general of the Catholic League, Gottfried Heinrich zu Pappenheim - who was a stepson of Herberstorff - the insurgents were able to participate in two battles on November 9, 1626 near Emling near Eferding and on November 15 Pinsdorf near Gmunden on the Traunsee . Since the peasants, even after the battles were lost, neither backed down nor asked for mercy, but allowed themselves to be killed, a slaughter broke out in which over 12,000 insurgents fell. Pappenheim admired the fighting power of the rebels and is said to have said that he dared to beat 1000 of his own mercenaries with 500 of these farmers. The ringleaders of the uprising were executed after painful questioning (torture).

After Emperor Ferdinand II had ceded the conquered Upper Palatinate and parts of the Lower Palatinate to the Elector of Bavaria as compensation , the Archduchy of Austria on the Enns came back to the House of Austria . On May 5, 1628, in a solemn ceremony in Linz - in the presence of the assembled estates - Count Herberstorff handed over the stewardship to the Imperial Commissioners, Anton Franz Wolfradt , Privy Councilor, President of the Court Chamber and Abbot of the Benedictine Abbey of Kremsmünster, Heinrich Freiherr von Salburg , Kaiser . Chamberlain and Councilor, and Johann Spindler von Hofegg , Chamberlain. These led the administration on an interim basis until August 30, the day on which the emperor - to everyone's surprise - appointed Count Herberstorff, who was hated locally, as governor of Austria on the Enns.

However, he was only able to exercise this function for a short time. After a visit to Munich, during which he tried to assert claims from previously performed services, he returned to Austria to his castle in Ort, where he suddenly died on September 11, 1629 in the arms of his confessor. He was the last of his old line.

Count Adam von Herberstorff was a knight of the Spanish order of Calatrava , imperial and curb-Bavarian secret council and chamberlain as well as curb-Bavarian colonel over a regiment on horseback and on foot. His final resting place is in the All Saints Chapel in the Parish Church of Altmünster on Lake Traunsee in Upper Austria. The red marble grave slab shows a life-size representation of Herberstorff in full armor.

marriage

Herberstorff, then still a baron, married Maria Salome Freiin von Preysing -Kopfsburg at the age of 22 in 1607 , a daughter of Heinrich Freiherrn von Preysing zu Kopfsburg and his wife, Benigna Thurmerin (Taimerin?) Von Mühlheim. She was about ten years older than Herberstorff and had been married to Baron Reichserbmarschall Veit zu Pappenheim (* June 16, 1535, † 1600) in her first marriage since 1593 .

Herberstorff thus became the stepfather of the five children from the first marriage of his wife and thus in particular of the later famous equestrian general of the Thirty Years War , Hereditary Marshal Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim (* 1594, † Leipzig November 17, 1632).

Since his marriage remained childless and Count Herberstorff was the last to die in his house, his widow sold the Ort rulership to her distant relative, Johann Warmund, Count of Preysing since 1645 (* 1573, † 1648), and the Tollet rulership on March 17th 1637 to Wenzel Reichard, since 1646 Count and Lord v. u. z. Sprinzenstein and Neuhaus (* 1597, † Vienna 1651). She died in 1648.

dig

The long-lost tomb was rediscovered in 1973 during excavation work in the Altmünster parish church : It contained a copper sarcophagus with the remains of Herberstorff and next to it another skeleton that was identified as that of his wife Maria Salome. Since the groundwater was up to forty centimeters high at times, the wooden coffins were rotted and the floor was about two centimeters covered with black, slippery mass. Herberstorff's sarcophagus was recovered and is now in the All Saints Chapel in the Altmünster parish church.

literature

Web links

Commons : Adam von Herberstorff  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hans Sturmberger: Adam Graf Herberstorff - rule and freedom in the denominational age. Vienna 1976, ISBN 3-7028-0089-1 , p. 22.
  2. ↑ J. Siebmacher's great book of arms , Volume 27 The arms of the nobility in Upper Austria. Reprinted 1984 by Bauer and Raspe, Neustadt an der Aisch, ISBN 3-87947-027-8 , pp. 119/120.
  3. ↑ Thomas Winkelbauer: Stands freedom and princely power. Countries and subjects of the House of Habsburg in the denominational age: 1522-1699 , Vienna 2003, p. 65.
  4. ^ Raphael Sadler: Ober vnd nider Enserich, as well as Böhemisch Iournal , Munich 1621, p. 29f ( http://data.onb.ac.at/ABO/%2BZ180427005 ).
  5. ^ Tomáš Bílek: Dějiny konfiskací v Čechách po r. 1618 , Prague 1882, p. 192-193.
  6. ↑ a b J. Siebmacher's great book of arms , volume 27, p. 20.
  7. ↑ Thomas Winkelbauer: Stands freedom and princely power. P. 69.
  8. ↑ Thomas Winkelbauer: Stands freedom and princely power. P. 70.
  9. ↑ Johann Schwerdling: history of ancient and for centuries to sovereign and country highly deserved, sometimes handsomely, partly Count's house Starhemberg . Jos. Feichtinger blessed widow , Linz 1830, p. 267 ( Google eBook, full view in Google Book Search - Section 239. Ms. Anna Dorothea ).
  10. ^ Hans Sturmberger: Adam Graf Herberstorff - rule and freedom in the denominational age. Vienna 1976, ISBN 3-7028-0089-1 , p. 43.
  11. ↑ Ferdinand Berger: Mitteilungen der Anthropologische Gesellschaft in Wien , Volumes 104-106, 1974, p. 202 (condition of the crypt when the sarcophagus was found and transferred to the All Saints Chapel).
  12. ↑ Altmünster: Herberstorf's lost grave discovered during renovation . Oberösterreichische Nachrichten of June 29, 1973. Von Tag zu Tag, p. 6 (Finding of the crypt on June 28, 1973, condition of the crypt).
predecessor Office successor
Johann Spindler von Hofegg
(administrator of the governorate) 		kurbayer. Governor of the Archduchy of Austria ob der Enns
1620–1628 		Johann Spindler von Hofegg , Heinrich von Salburg , Anton Wolfradt
(commissioners / governors)
Johann Spindler von Hofegg , Heinrich von Salburg , Anton Wolfradt
(commissioners / governors) 		Imperial and Royal Governor of the Archduchy of Austria ob der Enns
1628–1629 		Trio of the oldest district administrator, lawyer and vice cathedral (transition),
Johann Ludwig von Kuefstein
personal data
SURNAME Herberstorff, Adam von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Herberstorff, Adam Graf von; Herberstorff, Adam Reichsgraf von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bavarian governor, then Austrian governor of Upper Austria
DATE OF BIRTH April 15, 1585
PLACE OF BIRTH Kalsdorf Castle
DATE OF DEATH September 11, 1629
Place of death Castle place