Scherffenberg

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Coat of arms of Count Scherffenberg, in Landschloss Ort (inner courtyard) Gmunden ( Upper Austria )
Count's coat of arms of the noble family von Schärffenberg (Scherffenberg), after Siebmacher

Scherffenberg (also Lords and Counts of Schärffenberg , Scharfenberg ) is the name of an old noble family of Carnioles from the parent house of the same name (currently a ruin), not far from Ratschach (today Radeče ) on a high mountain. The family belonged to the Lower Austrian rural nobility .

history

Origin and possessions

The von Schärffenberg family belong to the Apostle families who were already resident in Austria at the time of the Babenbergs (976–1246). According to Constantin von Wurzbach, they probably have their origin either with the Dukes of Franconia or from the royal family of the Agilolfinger in Bavaria or Styria . Arnulph von Scharfenberg came around 928 as a border guard of the Holy Roman Empire in the areas of Windische Mark and Lower Carniola, built a fortress on a pointed (sharp) mountain, and was therefore called Scharfenberg, later Schärffenberg. The family from Schärffenberg, Osterberg and Gallenberg achieved much fame and property within the families of the inner Austrian nobility and were soon owned by the lordships of Marburg, Montpreis, Hohenwang, Krottenhofen im Mürzthale, Siegerstorf im Raabthale, Magna, Spielberg, Stattenberg, Kindberg, Tüffer , Pöllinghof, Reiffenstein in Obersteier, Gusterheim, Oeffenburg and Rabenstein.

Locks on the Schärffenberg, Osterberg and Gallenberg lines

The castles of the Schärffenberg, Osterberg and Gallenberg lines were gradually built after Arnulph's first son got the master castle, because the second youngest son Ortolph moved up on the tributary of the Danube, the Save , up towards Laibach, and built at the mouth of the tributary Laibach (today Ljubljanica ) in the Save a second Schärffenberg Castle. This castle is called Osterberg in the Windisch translation ( Ostroverh ). Ortolph II becomes the founder of the Osterberg family, his son of the same name Ortolph (III.), Builder of Gallenberg Castle, became the founding father of the Gallenberger family.

Hohenwang and Sprinzenstein

Grave of the Scherffenberger, Langenwang , Styria

The rule Hohenwang was taken over in 1512, it is today as Hohenwang castle ruins in the municipality of Langenwang , in the state of Styria, Austria. In the crypt of the parish church in Langenwang (Catholic parish church St. Andreas) lie the bones of those from Schärffenberg. In 1382 Jutta the Marspöckin was married to Rudolf von Scherffenberg in 1396 , owner of Sprinzenstein Castle in Upper Austria , near Sarleinsbach in the Mühlviertel and originally built as a castle in the 13th century. In 1421 Wolfgang von Scherffenberg sold the princely castle to his cousins Georg, Hans Ulrich, Ruger and Gundacker von Starhemberg and in 1583 Sprinzenstein was expanded into a castle.

Spielberg, Windegg and the property of Jörger von Tollet (Jörger)

The Spielberg estate, today's Spielberg castle ruins in Austria, was given to Bernhard von Scherffenberg in 1484 as governor of Austria ob der Enns from Emperor Friedrich III. in gratitude for services in the fight against the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus as a free fief. Eustach von Scherffenberg was the owner of Windegg Castle (also: Windeck, today Windegg Castle ruins in Austria), which he sold to Christoph von Tschernembl in 1557 . Gotthard von Scherffenberg, Herr auf Spielberg bought the entire property from the Jörger von Tollet (Jörger) , the avowed Protestants , in 1631 in the course of the Counter Reformation, but died soon afterwards. His widow also inherited Prandegg, now visible as the Prandegg castle ruins near Schönau in Upper Austria . Then there was the market in Zell with the seat of the Scherffenberger in the form of Castle Zellhof , today a castle ruin outside the municipality of Bad Zell (Austria). Pranthof ( Gutau municipality ), Habichrigl Castle (also Habichriegl ) in Upper Austria as well as Aich Castle and all other farms or tithes of Jörger von Tollen came into the possession of the widow von Scherffenberg. When she married Hans Reichard von Starhemberg in 1636, she sold the castles Aich, Habichrigl and Zellhof in 1645 and the new owner was Georg Siegmund von Salburg's son-in-law. As the owner of Prandegg, he ensured that Habichrigl Castle remained in his family for a longer period of time. The former Ort ( also Orth ) castle of the Lords of Scherffenberg, formerly Jörger von Tollet, was a complex of two castles on the Traunsee in Gmunden (Upper Austria) and was sold to the later imperial count (1623) Adam Graf von Herberstorff .

Kremsmünsterer Stiftshaus in Linz and Schrattenstein Castle

The Kremsmünster monastery house was in the old town of Linz , until 1493 Emperor Friedrich III. owned by Bernhard von Scherffenberg from 1493 to 1507, the latter sold the house to the Kremsmünster Abbey in Linz . Schrattenstein Castle, already referred to as Schrattenstein Castle ruins at that time , was acquired by Erasmus von Scherffenberg in 1542 and soon sold to the Spanish-Lower Austrian baron Johann Baptist Hoyos (also Juan de Hoyos ) in 1559 .

Nobilitations and dynastic marriages

This was followed by ennobling and dynastic marriages as the aristocratic family, which initially called itself von Scharfenberg, later von Schärffenberg (Scherffenberg), initially gained the status of baron and later the nobility to the rank of count, as shown by baronial and countess coats of arms. Heinrich Schärffenberg received in the 11th century from Emperor Heinrich III. the dignity of the count, but only used in family terms with Friedrich Sigmund Graf von Schärffenberg, who died in 1688 and who was granted Hungarian indigenous status on December 30, 1681, and thus membership. Franziska Eleonore Freifrau von Schärffenberg, with a diploma dated February 18, 1717, also achieved the status of hereditary count as a widow together with her four sons, Johann Leopold, Maximilian Christoph, Johann Joseph and Johann Karl. According to the family tables, the Schärffenberg show associations with the noble families Auersperg , Starhemberg, Losenstein , Hohenburg , Lamberg , Stubenberg , Polheim , Katzianer, Teuffenbach , Leiningen , Trauttmansdorff , Königsegg ( Königseck ) and Rogendorf . The house still existed in two lines in the 18th century, the older line to Spielberg and the younger line to Hohenwang and Krottenhofen, although it has now become extinct in the male line.

coat of arms

Blazon : The coat of arms shows in blue yellow foliage crown , open inwardly r.-fed accompanied with a large upturned three-lobed leaf in the middle and on both sides two smaller sheets, between which two points are with pearls. The helmet with a blue and yellow cover bears the crown and a peacock feather (3,2,1 feather) is attached to each of the leaves by a large ball.

literature

  • Constantin von Wurzbach: Schärffenberg, Johann von (1352-1387). In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 29th part. Imperial and Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1875, p. 61 (digitized version).
  • Johann Baptist Witting : The Lower Austrian rural nobility. Tables, S – Z. In: J. Siebmacher's large and general book of arms . Volume 4. Bauer and Raspe, Nuremberg 1918, p. 22: Plate 9.
  • Johann Baptist Witting: The Lower Austrian rural nobility. Text, S – Z. In: J. Siebmacher's large and general book of arms . Volume 4. Bauer and Raspe, Nuremberg 1918, p. 29ff.
  • Georg Clam Martinic : Castles and palaces in Austria - from Vorarlberg to Burgenland . Verlag A und M, St. Pölten / Vienna / Linz 1991, 506 pages ( online ).
  • Dehio Linz 2009 : Altstadt, buildings in the street association, Altstadt 10, Tummelplatz 18, p. 58f.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ S - Z, plates . Bauer & Raspe ( uni-goettingen.de [accessed January 13, 2019]).
  2. ↑ a b S-Z, text . Bauer & Raspe ( uni-goettingen.de [accessed January 13, 2019]).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k ALO docView - 29 Biographical Lexicon of the Austrian Empire (1875). Retrieved January 13, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Hohenwang, castle ruins. Castles and Palaces in Austria, p. 326 , accessed on January 13, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Windegg, castle ruins. Castles and Palaces in Austria, p. 266 , accessed on January 13, 2019 .
  6. ↑ Zellhof, castle ruins. Castles and Palaces in Austria, p. 268 , accessed on January 13, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Entry about Schrattenstein on Burgen-Austria