Črnomelj

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Črnomelj
Coat of arms of Črnomelj Map of Slovenia, position of Črnomelj highlighted
Basic data
Country SloveniaSlovenia Slovenia
Historic region Bela krajina
Statistical region Jugovzhodna Slovenija (Southeast Slovenia)
Coordinates 45 ° 34 '  N , 15 ° 11'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 34 '26 "  N , 15 ° 11' 21"  E
height 174  m. i. J.
surface 339.7  km²
Residents 14,936 (2008)
Population density 44 inhabitants per km²
Post Code 8340
License Plate NM
Structure and administration
Website

Črnomelj (German Tschernembl , Italian Cernomegli ) is a town in the Slovenian region of Bela krajina . The old town center lies on a narrow dam between the Lahinja and Dobličica rivers . The city has 5,799 inhabitants (2002), the municipality of the same name with 14,580 inhabitants is the largest of the three municipalities of Bela krajina ( White Carniola ). The Kolpa River (Eng. Kulpa ) forms the natural border with Croatia .

location

Together with the municipalities of Metlika and Semič , Črnomelj forms the Weißkrain / Bela krajina region . To the west of the city is the historic Gottscheer Ländchen with the main town Kočevje , to the north the Gorjanci ridge separates the Lower Carniola region with the largest city Novo mesto , which is about 40 km north of Črnomelj. The city is traversed by the Lahinja River, into which the Dobličica flows.

history

The place was already settled in the Hallstatt era . In 1407 Črnomelj was surrounded by walls and a moat because of the impending Turkish threat. In 1529 it became a base for counterattacks against the Turks . This period marked the beginning of its boom, which lasted until 1579, before the troops were moved to the new town of Karlovac . The castle was built in 1165 by Otto Kraški on a place from which the entrances to the town could be protected. In later times it was rebuilt several times. Until the end of the Habsburg Empire, the city belonged to the crown land of Carniola , with Črnomelj forming an independent municipality in the judicial district of Tschernembl (political district of Tschernembl ) and the seat of the district court and the district administration.

The parish church of St. Peter in its current form dates back to the first half of the 18th century , but clearly looks back on a very long tradition, which is also shown by five Old Slavic graves in the immediate vicinity that were discovered during excavations in 1951. In 2018 and 2019, a further 310 skeletons were found during archaeological excavations near the church, some of which were lying on top of each other in graves. The dead were buried around the church. The earliest graves on this side of the church date from the 14th and early 15th centuries. The last burial took place there in 1806.

The old town itself is an archaeological monument , which is also known as the “city above the city” because of the wealth of finds. The remains of buildings and city ​​walls from late antiquity and the Middle Ages can be viewed through a glass floor in the “Pastoral Center”. The renovated Malerič house , where handicrafts are offered for sale, is also interesting .

The house in which the poet and writer Miran Jarc was born at No. 3 Mirana Jarca Street has been carefully restored and houses a collection from the City Museum. The music school was last housed there. The building was also erected as a school building in 1844. But later it was used for a variety of purposes, including a. as a bank, residential building, health center , etc. In the rooms, wall paintings were discovered that were created between the years 1897 and 1907 and whose structure is reminiscent of textile wallpapers due to their three-dimensional effect. The restoration work was completed in 2012.

Second World War

The memorial of the People's Liberation War at the grave of 1250 fallen fighters and victims of fascism is the work of the famous sculptor Jakob Savinšek (1961). The entrance portal of the cultural center, which depicts typical scenes from Bela krajina, was also designed by him.

After the Italian surrender in World War II , the Bela krajina became a so-called "liberated area" and was held permanently by the partisans . In Črnomelj, the Slovenian People's Liberation Council ( SNOS ) met on February 19, 1945 in today's house of culture (cinema) , which at that time represented a kind of parliament.

On October 3, 1943, a Sunday afternoon, the city was surprisingly bombed by a German plane. Presumably just to intimidate the population, four bombs were dropped on the center. Twelve women and children were killed, nine houses were destroyed and two were badly damaged. Nineteen other buildings were slightly damaged. There were probably no more victims because many were doing their work in the vineyards. The author Alma Karlin , who had fled to Bela krajina at the time, described this event as an eyewitness, which was remembered in the commemoration event for the 70th anniversary in the former church of Sveti Duh (Holy Spirit).

Landmarks and monuments

At Marindol there are listed Steljniki . These are sparse birch forests, in which bracken is cultivated as litter .

economy

In Črnomelj in the times of Yugoslavia, compressors for refrigerators were manufactured by the Iskra company under license from the Danish company Danfoss . Danfoss took over production there in 1993. In November 2010, the Aurelius AG holding company , based in Munich, took over the entire range of household compressors from the Danish company Danfoss. This had further production sites in Flensburg and in Slovakia . The company created by the takeover of Aurelius is called Secop Compressors and the branch in Črnomelj is Secop kompresorji. At the beginning of 2011, 960 people were employed in Črnomelj. Due to the relocation of production to Slovakia, around 460 employees should lose their jobs in Črnomelj by the end of 2012. Of the 360 ​​employees remaining at the beginning of 2014, a further 80 employees were to be laid off gradually by the end of April and the remaining 110 employees by the end of September 2014. From the original workforce, around 40 employees should be taken over by the company Polycom from Škofja Loka , which has rented a workshop from Secop in Črnomelj. The production halls in Črnomelj have meanwhile been bought by the Slovenian exhaust manufacturer Akrapovič from Ivančna Gorica, which wants to expand its production capacities. It is not known how many former Danfoss / Secop employees will be retained. In August 2013, the company stopped major investment projects. This also affects the construction of a warehouse and production facility in Črnomelj. The company threatens to go abroad if the state does not guarantee stable framework conditions for at least ten years in terms of taxation and other corporate burdens. Originally it was planned to move the entire production to Črnomelj.

In the district of Kanižarica there was a coal mine, in which coal was mined underground between 1857 and 1997. Now a museum has been set up on the site with an exhibition on coal mining and a walk-in tunnel as a small visitor mine.

Infrastructure

Črnomelj is located on the non-electrified Novo Mesto - Metlika railway line, on which passenger and freight traffic takes place.

For health care there is a "zdravstveni dom" (German: Health home), which is an outpatient medical care center . A dialysis center of the Novo mesto hospital is to be built in the building of the former pharmacy on Kandija Street as soon as possible . Due to the unclear ownership situation, an attempt was made to prevent further delays by leasing this building to the hospital for five years.

Places of the whole community

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ M. Bezek Jakše, Skeleti zavlekli izkopavanja (German skeletons delay excavations), Dolenjski list, p. 11, December 13, 2018
  2. ↑ M. Bezek Jakše, Veliko okostij, manj pridatkov (Many skeletons, few grave goods), Dolenjski list, August 8, 2019, p. 10
  3. ↑ M. Bezek-Jakše, "Pod 17 beleži čakalo presenečenje" (German: A surprise awaited under 17 layers of paint), Dolenjski list, May 17, 2012, p. 8
  4. ↑ M.Bezek-Jakše, "70-letnica zasedanja SNOS. Ko so postavili temelje države" (German: 70th anniversary of the SNOS meeting. When the foundations of the state were laid), Dolenjski list , Novo mesto, February 27 2014, p. 2
  5. ↑ AM Karlin, "Moji zgubljeni topoli: spomini na drugo svetovno vojno" (in the original German: My lost poplars: memories of the Second World War), Celje 2007.
  6. ↑ M. Bezek-Jakše, "Ko so na Črnomelj padala bombe" (German: When the bombs fell on Črnomelj), Dolenjski list , October 10, 2013, p. 8
  7. ↑ Register nepremične kulturne dediščine. In: giskd2s.situla.org. Retrieved October 4, 2018 .
  8. ^ The Land of Birch Trees :: Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija. In: rtvslo.si. Retrieved October 4, 2018 .
  9. ^ Metlika - Slovene regions and municipalities in numbers. In: stat.si. Retrieved October 4, 2018 .
  10. ↑ "Secop v likvidaciji do konca meseca ob skoraj sto zaposlenih" (German: Secop in insolvency will lose 100 employees by the end of the month) message in Dolenjski list (online) from April 23, 2014
  11. ↑ M. Bezek-Jakše: V Črnomelju upanje na boljše čase (German: Hope for better times in Črnomelj), in the Slovenian weekly newspaper Dolenjski list, Novo mesto, p. 3, August 16, 2012
  12. ↑ MB-J., "Bo poslovno okolje stabilno?" (German: "Will the economic environment be stable?"), Dolensjkis list, October 10, 2013, p. 8
  13. ↑ muzejska zbirka Rudnika rjavega premoga Kanižarica. In: belakrajina.si. Retrieved July 20, 2020 (Slovenian).
  14. ↑ MBJ, "Komaj čakajo na dializni center" (German: You are eagerly waiting for a dialysis center). Dolenjski list, February 6, 2014, p. 9

Web links

Commons : Črnomelj  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Črnomelj in the Topographia Austriacarum (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts