Bela krajina

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Bela krajina with the Kolpa river , the Gorjanci mountains in the background
Location of the Bela Krajina region in Slovenia
A steljnik typical of Bela krajina , where bracken was grown as bedding ( stelja in Slovenian ) for stables

The Bela krajina (German also Weißkrain or White Mark , in the Middle Ages also Grafschaft Möttling , Mark von Metlika or Grafschaft in der Mark und Metlika ) is one of the historical landscapes (Pokrajina) in Slovenia . As part of the crown land of Carniola , it was part of the Austrian monarchy ( Cisleithanien ). The river Kupa and the Gorjanci Mountains represented the border to the eastern half of the Hungarian Empire ( Transleithanien ). The origin of the name is not clearly established. It is believed, however, that it can be traced back either to the simple, white costume made of hemp or to the many birch trees growing in the area .

Natural boundaries

The natural border is largely formed by the Kolpa River and the Gorjanci Mountains . Only in the area of ​​Gorjanci (municipality of Metlika) is the borderline sometimes very confusing. Often long detours have to be made from both sides to get to the respective property or fields, because due to the Schengen Agreement only certain border crossings may be used for small border traffic. As a result, existing roads have become unusable. Border crossings for small border traffic are mainly reserved for farmers (e.g. Krasinec) and may not be used by transit traffic.

structure

The Bela Krajina is divided into three municipalities: Metlika , Semič and Črnomelj .

raw materials

Brown coal

There are lignite deposits in Kanižarica near Črnomelj. The coal was mined underground in a mine from 1857, which was closed in 1997. Now a museum with an exhibition on coal mining and a walk-in tunnel has been set up on the site as a small visitor mine.

iron

bauxite

In the village of Hrast near Vinica there is one of the largest sites of bauxite in the Bela krajina, which, however, are overall too small to be exploited economically. At the Krivača pond there is a beautiful site with an educational board.

history

Celts and Romans

To the place Podzemelj around to find Celtic burial mounds . The remains of a Celtic settlement can be found on the hill Kučar , at the foot of which are the places Podzemelj and Zemelj. Due to the geological conditions, the grave goods are badly weathered. In 2018 a gold coin was found during construction work in a field. Alexander the Great is depicted on this Celtic imitation . An urn was found during excavations in 1930, but it was destroyed.

In Rožanec in the forest one is Mithraeum from the 2nd century present. On the wall of an abandoned quarry you can see a relief that belonged to a place of worship. Due to acid rain and vegetation with lichen and moss, the relief has decayed in the last decades, a copy from 1953 can be seen in the regional museum "Belokranjski muzej" in Metlika.

Croatian Kingdom

The area of ​​today's Bela krajina does not appear under this name until 1288 in old documents. It once belonged to the Hungarian-Croatian kingdom. The settlement by Slovenes was hindered by primeval forests and mountains. In contrast, the area to the south and west was open to settlement by Croats until the 12th century; when the German nobility occupied this area, it could be described as Croatian from all points of view.

Austrian monarchy

At the beginning of the 12th century the border of the Windische Mark and the Mark Krain to Hungary and Croatia ran along the upper reaches of the Krka and north of the Gorjanci . Around 1127 (until 1131) the Counts of Weichselberg, together with Bernhard von Trixen from Spanheim and the troops of the Archdiocese of Salzburg, began an offensive against Hungary, whose armed forces they pushed back across the Kolpa (Croatian: Kupa ) and Bregana (south of the Gorjanci) rivers . Sometime between the years 1135 and 1172 the area of ​​today's Bela krajina was wrested from the Croats. The Bela krajina was created from the areas conquered by the Counts of Weichselberg in the borders of Poljanska Gora in the west, along the Kolpa to the western foothills of the Gorjanci in the east.

In later times there is no evidence of Croatian feudal lords in the Bela krajina. In the 13th century, both parties began intensive colonization on both sides of the Kolpa. The German order of knights played an important role in the Bela krajina. The Kolpa was recognized as a border, which helped the Bela krajina to have a stable border in the Middle Ages.

Bela krajina is sometimes considered part of the Dolenjska region. Historically, this only makes sense insofar as the rulers of the Dolenjska also ruled over the Bela krajina. So it's a purely political point of view. This rather one-sided view disregards important cultural (the influence of Croatia and the original settlement by Croats), sociological (mixing of the population), climatic but also important historical differences (immigration of Uskoks and other refugees) between the Bela krajina and the Dolenjska .

The historians Peter Štih and Vasko Simoniti from the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana state that the " Grafschaft in der Mark und Metlika ", which mainly includes today's Bela krajina, retained its independence under the Habsburgs until the 16th century. Although their area of ​​domination is due to the inheritance of the possessions of Count Albert III of Gorizia . expanded to include the Kolpa in 1374, they never joined the county in the Mark and Metlika to their Carniolan possessions, but confirmed their privileges from 1365. The county thus retained its legal sovereignty through the Middle Ages. It was not until 1593 that Emperor Rudolf II confirmed the privileges of Carniola, the Mark and Istria together in a document.

Administrative structure in times of knockout and knockout

Together with the Tschernembl (Črnomelj) judicial district, the Möttling judicial district formed the Tschernembl political district .

Castles and Palaces

In contrast to the right bank of the Kolpa, which possessed a kind of natural defensive belt through swamps, forests and wasteland, the Bela krajina had nothing of the kind. Only the forested Gorjanci offered the area of ​​the Lower Carniola behind them a natural protective wall against invasions from the south.

One of their most important castles was located in today's Metlika (German: Möttling ) from the 14th century , which means Grafschaft Möttling or Mark von Metlika can also be read. As a border region, Bela krajina used to have many castles, which were destroyed by wars. Other castles and fortresses or their remains can be found in Črnomelj , Gradac and Vinica , for example . The historically most important and largest of these, Pobrežje , was badly damaged by fire in World War II and destroyed after the war. Only fragmentary remains can be viewed today.

population

The composition of the population reflects history. There was always a Croatian influence, of course there are many ethnically mixed marriages between Croatians and Slovenes. As a peculiarity in Slovenia there are still ethnically fairly homogeneous Serbian villages, whose Uskok ancestors were settled as fortified farmers along the Kolpa or the former military border. These include the villages of Marindol , Žuniči , Miliči , Paunoviči and Bojanci . There is also a relatively large Roma population. Some of the Roma are well integrated, but others are very poor. The standard of living of the Roma is very different. In the Roma settlements you can find beautiful houses on the one hand, but also dilapidated huts on the other. Sometimes the Roma settlements are not connected to the public infrastructure at all, such as B. Drinking water supply, power grid or sewerage. The settlements were often illegally established and not everywhere legalized. Many reasons for non-integration are listed, including the reluctance of the Roma to integrate. On the other hand, it is stated by these that the integration and support offers made are unsuitable and that there is too little social housing for Roma families, who usually have many members. Sometimes village communities fight back bitterly when a Roma family wants to settle there, e.g. B. in the case of Vranoviči.

The relationship to the neighboring Croatians on the other side of the Kolpa can be described as good neighborly. In contrast to other border areas, there were never any major problems or even border disputes. The border doesn't matter at weddings. The Croats in particular also find employment in companies in Bela krajina and Novo mesto .

Ethnological treasure chest

The Bela krajina is considered to be the ethnological treasure trove of Slovenia. Among other things, because many old customs, such as the Jurjevanje festival, have been preserved here and have touched and mixed different cultures (Slovenes, Croats, Uskoks ). The Jurjevanje festival is celebrated on April 24th (Saint George's Day). It's a spring festival: a young man is completely disguised with green tree branches and accompanied by a group of traditional costumes. The various cultural influences are particularly evident in the different dialects spoken here. While the dialect in the Semič area is very reminiscent of the dialect in the Dolenjska region around Novo mesto, a lot of Croatian expressions are used in the area from Adlešiči to Vinica on the Kolpa. The reasons that these "peculiarities" have been preserved are that this area was difficult to reach for a long time due to the geographic conditions. To the north and west, the Bela krajina is separated from the rest of Slovenia by the Gorjanci and Kočevski Rog mountain ranges, and to the south and east by the Kolpa River. For example, it was only connected to the railway network around 100 years ago, and the road connection to Novo mesto via the Gorjanci Mountains is still inadequate.

Waves of emigration

Decisive events were the waves of emigration from the end of the 19th century to the 1920s to the United States and Western Europe and in the 1960s to Western Europe (Federal Republic of Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, France, Belgium, England etc.) as well as to the USA and Canada . An important reason for the wave of emigration at the end of the 19th century, when people were looking for their fortune, especially in the USA, was the massive impairment of the economically important viticulture due to the infestation of the vines by phylloxera introduced from the USA via France (1860). Recently, the thesis has also emerged that the gold rush in the USA was the main reason for emigrating after a returnee from America came to Semič with bags full of gold coins.

Source: population censuses

EU external border

The Schengen border , which coincided with the Kolpa River in Bela krajina, hindered economic and cultural exchange with Croatia and especially with the city of Karlovac . Since Croatia's accession to the EU on July 1, 2013, passport controls have been carried out alternately by only one border post. The controls, which were no longer applicable in the meantime, were reinforced again in the context of the refugee crisis.

For example, the large weekly market in Karlovac used to be frequented by the residents of Bela krajina. The visit of sports events (eg. As basketball) was popular because the offer in Karlovac much larger than in Novo mesto was and the city well by railcar could be reached.

Although no refugees crossed the Slovenian-Croatian border in Bela Krajina at the time of the refugee crisis in 2016, the border has now been secured in many places by a barbed wire fence and later replaced by a border fence. Many citizens spoke out against the establishment of these border fortifications in a night-and-fog operation. The RIC Črnomelj tourism center was very critical of the fact that the barbed wire would destroy the tourism that was beginning and the first successes because it would make access to the Kolpa River impossible. In addition, the barbed wire (but also the fence) has a devastating effect on the game, which gets caught there and perishes when it tries to cross the river.

Although nobody in the population wants to accept the restrictions imposed by the border fence, there is great resistance to the establishment of an initial reception center for refugees in Črnomelj, which even led to a demonstration. Due to the great economic difficulties in the region, one feels disregarded but also exploited by the state, because one does not want any refugees from the Middle East. Great solidarity was demonstrated when refugees from Bosnia were housed in the empty barracks during the Yugoslav war.

Industry and economy

Economic development since the Second World War

In recent years, a number of well-known and traditional companies have either reduced their staff (e.g. Beti ), at least partially relocated their production ( Danfoss , Secop ) or closed them due to economic difficulties or restructuring . Due to the resulting tense economic situation and the relatively high number of unemployed, the Slovenian state has set up a funding program that is intended to support the Pokolpje economic region , to which Bela krajina also belongs. In some cases, it was possible to establish new companies, as happened, for example, on the site of the disused Kanižarica lignite mine near Črnomelj. In Stari Trg (Črnomelj municipality) the Komet company buildings were taken over by a stocking manufacturer (Ana).

However, some problems are also homemade. The attitude of the population, for example in newspaper comments or glosses, is increasingly being criticized that it is not worth taking the initiative "it is not worth it", be it for example the cultivation of vegetables and fruit for personal use. Opposite are always individuals who try to break new ground with new offers, for example in tourism by combining cuisine and culture, but also in the youth sector.

Economic situation in Črnomelj

The economy in Črnomelj is similar to that in Metlika, badly affected by the current global financial crisis but also particularly badly affected by the structural changes in the last 20 years. On the one hand, coal production was stopped and, on the other hand, the Danfoss compressor factory was closed. In the meantime, the exhaust system manufacturer Akrapovic has taken over the production halls.

Economic situation in the Metlika municipality

The site of the former textile company Beti is currently being converted into an industrial zone. The infrastructure is being renewed. In the nearby village of Rosalnice , the Komet company has been producing swimwear, underwear and swimwear since 1960. A large part of those approaching are day commuters from nearby Croatian towns.

The headquarters of the Kolpa sanitary company is located in Rosalnice. The company manufactures bathrooms and exports them mainly to Central and Southeastern Europe.

Economic situation in Semič

The youngest municipality, Semič , is in the best economic position of all three municipalities after the largest industrial company Iskra sistemi dd is again successful in the field of PE capacitors. → see main article PCB pollution of the Krupa

wine growing

Wine is traditionally grown in all three communities. Individual winegrowers now have high quality wines on offer that have also received international awards. One example of this is Jožef Prus' winery from Krmačina near Metlika.

Infrastructure

The outdated infrastructure is now seen as one of the most important hurdles to economic development in the region. Deficits in the infrastructure can be seen in the poor transport connections but also in the power supply and in the range of secondary schools.

Traffic problems

For many years there has been an improvement in transport connections to the Dolenjska region, i.e. H. discussed especially after Novo mesto. So far, however, there is still no agreement on route planning. A car tunnel through the Gorjanci has been under discussion for many decades. This should shorten the connection to Novo mesto and, above all, make it safer, since the pass roads over the Gorjanci (Vahta Pass) and on the Kočevski-Rog have to be mastered.

Unreliable power supply

Apart from the power supply from Novo mesto via the Gorjanci, there is currently no 110 kV reserve power connection between the Bela krajina and the rest of Slovenia. This repeatedly leads to power supply bottlenecks. This can be seen from time to time in flickering lightbulbs and weak heat output from electric stoves. As a result, industrial companies complain of production downtimes because machines do not work. A new 110 kV overhead line with two systems from Kočevje to Črnomelj is supposed to help. The investment costs for this should amount to around EUR 15.2 million. A working group was commissioned by the government in Ljubljana to draw up a corresponding spatial plan. There are currently around four route variants (north variants A, B and C each via Onek and a south variant via Mozelj).

School system

There are elementary and secondary schools as well as grammar schools in all three municipalities.

All three municipalities support the establishment of a university in Novo mesto for the regions Dolenjska, Bela krajina, Kočevsko-Ribniška and Posavje. Unfortunately, the founding of this regional university is repeatedly delayed.

Natural beauties and environmental problems

It is also important to understand that, despite some problems, nature in Bela krajina is still largely intact. This can also be seen in the occurrence of a type of cave olm in the Karst waters and the many dragonfly species (Odonata) that occur there. Of 78 dragonfly species native to Slovenia, 48 are found in Bela Krajina. The genus " Leste macrostigma " is only found in this region in Slovenia.

In the summer of 2012, a record-breaking large catfish was caught near Radiviči near Metlika. He was 195 cm long and weighed 40 kg. The largest catfish was caught in 1952, it weighed 53 kg.

About 45 different types of orchids are said to grow in Bela krajina.

environmental issues

PCB pollution

In 1984 it was discovered that the river Krupa , which flows into the Kupa near Primostek , was contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) by improperly stored waste from the company Iskra Kondenzatorji from Semič . The pollution was discovered purely by chance by scientists from the health department in Maribor and later also in Ljubljana when the source of the Krupa was examined in order to investigate it for the production of drinking water for the Bela krajina. The fact that this is a karst landscape is particularly problematic. The pollution is still high today and can be detected in soil samples, fish, in water, in domestic animals, etc.

Overfertilization

The problem is the pollution of the rivers (especially the Kolpa) by the increased use of artificial fertilizers and fertilizers from the biogas plant in Črnomelj. During socialist times, the mostly small farms only used manure for fertilization, which was well adapted to the karst landscape with only thin humus soils . An attempt is now being made to increase the size of the fields through land consolidation measures (amalgamation of agricultural land). The few remaining farms are now trying to increase the yield by using artificial fertilizers and, above all, liquid manure , which has never been used for fertilization in this area before.

Črnomelj biogas plant (Lokve)

The biogas plant in Črnomelj, which went into operation a few years ago, is subject to constant criticism. Many residents of Črnomelj repeatedly complain that they are repeatedly exposed to the unbearable stench from the facility. According to newspaper reports, up to 30,000 tons of manure are spread on the fields every year.

Already in May 2012 a delegation of 30 citizens from Bela krajina visited the then Minister for Agriculture and Environment, Franc Bogovič, to inform him about the problem with the manure from the biogas plant, but they did not reply to their invitation to Črnomelj in April had received. As part of their visit, they also presented the minister with a petition signed by 2,780 concerned citizens. The delegation from the Bela krajina included representatives of the Proteus citizens' initiative as well as the two ecologists Dušan Plut and Božidar Flajšman. Above all, it was also criticized that the agricultural lobby exerts influence on legislation. Above all, the processing of organic waste is inadequately regulated. The minister admitted that the location of the biogas plant was not appropriate in the area.

Investigations of the digestate revealed that the limit values ​​for salmonella were exceeded in June 2012. According to press releases, the operators of the plant had to pay a heavy fine for discharging the contaminated manure into a nearby pig farm. Observers speak of the fact that slaughterhouse waste is used in the biogas plant even from abroad (e.g. Bosnia-Herzegovina), but its traceability is not guaranteed. A local citizens' initiative called Proteus has formed and is fighting for improvements. In this context, environmental activists criticize the fact that the decisive Slovenian regulation for the processing of biodegradable and mixed municipal waste is based on limit values ​​that apply in Denmark, Germany and France, where there is little or no karst and the soils there are therefore more self-cleaning.

Due to the salmonella findings at the end of June 2012, the Slovenian Veterinary Office (VURS) prohibited the company from spreading the liquid manure on areas used for agriculture or other areas. According to press reports, the Petrol Group is planning to take over this biogas plant, which has previously been owned by Bioenerg from Domžale. Nevertheless, Proteus fears that this ban will be circumvented by storing 2000m 3 of liquid manure in open tanks at the nearby pig farm and calling for the biogas plant to be closed.

Festivals or cultural events

  • "Dajmo malo fušat" amateur music festival (vocal-instrumental) in Metlika in February (2014 for the 10th time)
  • "Jurjevanje" in Črnomelj (folklore / ethno festival in June)
  • "Črnfest" in Črnomelj (events for young people and the young at heart: music, theater, cabaret and events for children) in August in the Črnomelj Castle
  • "Vinska vigred" in Metlika (wine festival in May)
  • "Pridi zvečer na grad" in Metlika (open air events: music, theater) from June to August at Metlika Castle
  • "Teden kulture na placu" (German: culture week on the square) every year in mid to late July in Metlika
  • Summer carnival with rafts on the Kolpa in Podzemelj at the end of July
  • Especially in summer, leisure and hobby painters meet in different painting colonies

societies

  • Fotopub Črnomelj (Photography Club), founded in 2002
  • Literarni klub Metlika (Literature Club), founded in 2002
  • Društvo Žumberčanov in prijateljev Žumberaka Metlika (German: Association of Žumberaker and Friends of Žumberak)

Sports

Around August 15th (Assumption of Mary) a small sprint triathlon has been taking place in Primostek on the Kolpa for several years . In 2012 this competition was held for the fifth time. 154 sports enthusiasts competed against each other. This event is organized by the Metlika Sports Association and the Vigred Metlika Tourist Association.

Winter sports are available in Gače near Črmošnjice.

International border crossings to Croatia

Accommodation options

  • Hotel Bela Krajina in Metlika
  • Hotel Bojana in Črnomelj
  • Pri Štefaniču Inn / At Štefanič in Dragatuš near Črnomelj (offer: farm holidays and inn)
  • Youth hostel Dijaški dom Črnomelj (during the school year it is a boarding school, as a youth hostel it is only open during the summer holidays)
  • Kamp Podzemelj Camping Podzemelj

Personalities

  • Oton Župančič , poet and playwright, born in Vinica. Belongs to the four most important representatives of Slovenian modernism.
  • Alojzij Gangl , sculptor from Metlika
  • Engelbert Gangl
  • Adolf Pirsch , painter, July 4, 1858 in Gradac, † April 28, 1929 in Graz. Portrayed Emperor Franz Josef, Wilhelm II and Pope Leo XIII, among others.
  • Miran Jarc , poet and writer
  • Lojze Krakar
  • Janko Lavrin
  • Janez Štefanič "Jazo", famous folk musician (drawn by Božidar Jakac ), * 1909 in Golek near Vinica, † died in 1944 near Litija as a partizan of the Cankar Brigade
  • Vinko Beličič , poet and writer, born August 19, 1913 in Črnomelj, † September 27, 1999 in Trieste. From 1945 onwards he lived in Trieste for political reasons, where he also worked as a high school teacher and published numerous literary works. [1]
  • Juro Adlešič , Mayor of Ljubljana during the Second World War
  • Dušan Plut , politician of the Slovenian Green Party during the process of independence, today professor at the Philosophical Faculty in Ljubljana
  • Violeta Tomič , actress
  • Maja Weiss , director
  • Marjan Jerman , journalist
  • Fanika Požek , folk song poet
  • Toni Verderber , folk musician from Stari Trg
  • Janez Mihael Žagar , doctor and naturalist (1732–1813)
  • Andrej Bajuk , deceased Slovenian Prime Minister (NSi party)
  • Jani Brajkovič , professional cyclist, Tour de France participant and Olympian (10th place, London 2012)
  • Dr. Anton Mavretič , (1934–2019), electrical engineer and scientist. Studied electrical engineering at the University of Ljubljana, master thesis and doctorate at the University of Denver (USA). Later worked at MIT (Cambridge / Mass., USA), Harvard University (Center for Astrophysics, Harvard Observatory), and professor at Boston University. Collaborator on the projects Voyager 1 and 2, Explorer 47 and 50, WIND, DSX, Space Shuttle.

gallery

  • Hut or château Ankin his near Črnomelj

  • Fields at Črnomelj

  • Bela Krajina with a view from Semič

  • Watermill on the Kolpa near Griblje

  • Storks in the Bela krajina

  • Source of the Krupa River

  • Črnomelj, city center

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Muzejska zbirka rudnika rjavega premoga Kanižarica ( Slovenian ) belakrajina.si. Retrieved May 3, 2020.
  2. ↑ Andreja Škedel Petrič, Zavod RS za varstvo narave, OE Novo mesto, Nahajališče boksita Hrast pri Vinici "v novi preobleki" (German bauxite site Hrast near Vinica renewed), Dolensjki list, 29.11.2018, p. 22
  3. ↑ V grobu številka 11 je bil skrit zlatnik (Eng. A gold coin was hidden in grave no.11), Dolenjski list, December 20, 2018, p. 1
  4. ↑ Metlika ( Slovenian ) belokranjski-muzej.si. May 15, 2017. Retrieved May 3, 2020.
  5. ↑ Dušan Kos: Bela krajina v poznem srednjem veku (German: The Bela krajina in the late Middle Ages ), Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, Ljubljana, 1987.
  6. ↑ Peter Štih, Vasko Simoniti, "Slovenska zgodovina od prazgodovinskih culture do konca 18. stoletja-Na stičišču svetov" (German: "Slovenian history from prehistoric cultures to the end of the 18th century - At the interface of the worlds"), Modrijan Publishing House, Ljubljana, 2010, p. 118
  7. ↑ Alenka Misja Zgaga, 1408: Prišli so Turki, za njimi Uskoki, Belokranjska dediščina ( Eng . “There came the Turks, after them the Uskoks, the Weißkrainer heritage”), Belokranjski muzej (Weißkrainer Museum), exhibition catalog, Metlika 2008, p 35
  8. ↑ M. Bezek-Jakše: Sedemčlanska družina pod polivinilom - Bo tik pred zimo trma popustila? (Eng. "A family of seven under plastic sheeting - will the stubbornness decrease shortly before winter?"), Supplement Dolenske Novice in Dolensjki list, October 17, 2013, p. 22
  9. ↑ Brane Praznik: Velika nesreča-trtna uš ( Eng . "The great misfortune - phylloxera") in the Slovenian weekly newspaper Dolenjski list Novo mesto , August 21, 2014, p. 18
  10. ↑ M. Bezek-Jakše, Belokranjce mamilo ameriško zlato (German: “The Weißkrainer lured American gold”), October 30, 2013, p. 36, Dolenjski list, Novo mesto
  11. ↑ Jure Trampuš, Varuhi meje (German border guards), Mladina magazine, Ljubljana, No. 46, November 13, 2015, p. 19 ff
  12. ↑ Borut Kranjc, photo of the erection of the barbed wire fence, 8 dni / teden, p. 8, Mladina magazine, Ljubljana, no.49, December 4, 2015
  13. ↑ Marjeta Doupona, Žica je Belo krajino getoizirala (German: the barbed wire made a ghetto out of Bela krajina), Mladina magazine, Ljubljana, No. 50, December 11, 2015, p. 28 ff.
  14. ↑ Igor Jurekovič, Cena žice (German: The price of barbed wire), Mladina magazine, Ljubljana, No. 15, April 14, 2017, p. 10
  15. ↑ Martin Lindič, Verendetes Reh, Foto tedna (photo of the week), Mladina magazine, Ljubljana, No. 50, December 11, 2015, p. 11
  16. ↑ Tomislav Urh, photo tedna (German photo of the week), Protest proti postavitvi "sprejemno-registracijskega centra za begunce v Črnomlju" (German demonstration against the initial reception center in Črnomelj), Mladina, no. 41, October 14, 2016, p. 9
  17. ↑ Peter Petrovčič, Nehumanitarna država (The Inhuman State), Mladina, No. 41, October 14, 2016, p. 11
  18. ↑ Peter Petrovčič, Referendumi o beguncih (German referendum on refugees), Mladina magazine, Ljubljana, No. 50, December 10, 2016, p. 10
  19. ↑ Pokolpje: Enterprise Portal Bela Krajina ( Memento of the original from June 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ric-belakrajina.si archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the Development - Information Center Bela Krajina (English), accessed on May 26, 2013.
  20. ↑ Živa Groza, "Belokranjska flakanja - Z optimizmom je svet veliko lepši" (German: Weißkrainer Schmäh-The world is much more beautiful with optimism), gloss in Dolenjski list, January 16, 2014
  21. ↑ M. Bezek-Jakše, "Ko gostilna ni le hrana in pijača" (German: When the inn is not just about food and drink), Dolenjski lst, January 9, 2014
  22. ↑ Semičani čakajo na spodobno cesto (The residents of Semič are waiting for a decent street), Dolenjski list, November 2, 2012
  23. ↑ Stabilna elektrika v Beli krajini šele po letu 2012 (Stable electricity in Bela krajina only after 2016), in the Slovenian daily Delo , p. 14, December 13, 2012
  24. ↑ M. Beze-Jakše, "Kljub pomislekom so za unverzo" (German: Despite concerns, they are for the university), Dolenjski list, December 27, 2013, p. 8
  25. ↑ Janez Usenik for the board of directors, "Javno pismo društva Dolenjska akademska pobuda" (German: Open letter of the Academic Initiative Dolenjska Association), letter to the editor, Dolenjski list, October 10, 2013, p. 33
  26. ↑ Janez Usenik, Janez Povh, Dean Boris Bukovec, Dean Marica Prijanovič Tonkovič, Jože Podgoršek (Senate of the Consortium University Novo mesto), "Podprite ustanovitev univerze v Novem mestu" (German: Supports the establishment of the University in Novo mesto), letter to the editor Dolenjski list, November 14, 2013, p. 33
  27. ↑ Matej Simčič, "Naša naravna dediščina-Kačji pastirji Bele krajine" (Eng. Our natural heritage - The dragonflies of Bela krajina) in Dolenjski list, Novo mesto, August 21, 2014, p. 18
  28. ↑ M. Bezek-Jakše, "Som je vlekel čoln po Kolpi" (German: Wels pulled boat on the Kolpa), in Dolenjski list, August 16, 2012, p. 36
  29. ↑ M. Bezek-Jakše, "Lepe, občutljive in zavarovane" (Beautiful, sensitive and protected "), Dolenjski list , May 3, 2012, p. 13
  30. ^ Article in the Croatian online newspaper Novilist.hr, accessed on February 16, 2013
  31. ↑ M. Bezek-Jakše: Si bo minister vzel nekaj časa (German: Will the minister take some time?), Dolenjski list , May 3, 2012, p. 8
  32. ↑ M. Bezek-Jakše: Bogovič dojel, da je težava resna (German: Bogovič understood that it was a serious problem), Dolenjski list , May 17, 2012. p. 2
  33. ↑ Evropski zakoni, balkansko obnašanje (German: European laws, Balkan behavior), in the slow. Weekly newspaper Dolenjski list, Novo mesto, November 2, 2012
  34. ↑ Bojan Rajšek: Petrol prevzema boiplinarno na Lokvah (German: Petrol takes over the biogas plant in Lokve ), online edition of the Slovenian daily Delo, March 19, 2013.
  35. ↑ MB-J., "Ni bioplinarna zrela za zaprtje?" (German: Is the biogas plant not ready to be closed?), Dolenjski list, July 19, 2012, p. 8
  36. ↑ Jasna Kocuvan: Portret belokranjskega godca Jaza (German: Portrait of the folk musician Jaza from Belakrajina), Dolenjski list, September 29, 2011, str. 20th
  37. ↑ Portrait tedna: Fanika Požek . In: Dolenjski list of February 20, 2008. p. 30
  38. ↑ Boris Blaič, Brajkovič dvignil lestvico (Brajkovič raises the bar), in: Dolensjki list, p. 16, August 9, 2012.