1903
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Calendar overview 1903
Map with all linked sites: | 1903 | |
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 and his wife Draga are murdered by Serbian officers in the royal palace. |
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| 1903 in other calendars | |
| Armenian calendar | 1351/52 (turn of the year July) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1895/96 (turn of the year 11/12 September) |
| Baha'i calendar | 59/60 (turn of the year 20/21 March) |
| Bengali solar calendar | 1308/09 (beginning of April 14th or 15th) |
| Buddhist calendar | 2446/47 (southern Buddhism); 2445/46 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana ) |
| Chinese calendar | 76th (77th) cycle
Year of the Water Rabbit 癸卯 ( since January 29th , before that Water Tiger 壬寅) |
| Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 1265/66 (turn of the year April) |
| Dangun era (Korea) | 4236/37 (October 2/3) |
| Iranian calendar | 1281/82 (around March 21) |
| Islamic calendar | 1320/21 (March 30/31) |
| Japanese calendar |
Meiji 36 (
明治 36 年 ); Kōki 2563 |
| Jewish calendar | 5663/64 (September 21/22) |
| Coptic calendar | 1619/20 (September 11-12) |
| Malayalam calendar | 1078/79 |
| Rumi Calendar (Ottoman Empire) | 1318/19 (March 1st) |
| Seleucid era | Babylon: 2213/14 (turn of the year April)
Syria: 2214/15 (turn of the year October) |
| Suriyakati Calendar (Thai Solar Calendar) | 2445/46 (April 1) |
| Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) | 1959/60 (turn of the year April) |
Events
Politics and world events
Europe
- January 1st : Adolf Deucher becomes President of Switzerland for the third time .
- January 3rd : A German-Czech reconciliation conference for Bohemia begins in Vienna . The administrative districts are to be restructured into German, Czech and bilingual districts. The conference was broken off on January 20, 1903, after the Czechs demanded equality for both languages.
- April 2nd : The French government obliges all municipalities to build public school buildings. 1,600 denominational schools had to cease operating by July 31, 1903.
- April 9 : The Russian Tsar repeals the Finnish constitution. An exceptional law gives the Governor General Nikolay Bobrikov dictatorial powers.
- April 19 : In Kishinew / Russia there are three days of mass pogroms by Russian Christians against Jews , in which the police do not intervene. After international protests, the Russian Interior Ministry declares the persecution of the Jews with their socialist uprising against Tsar Nicholas II. Journalists suspect more of a scapegoat policy in view of the economic misery, widespread poverty and growing labor unrest.
- May 1 : King Edward VII's state visit to France ushers in Anglo-French rapprochement; The return visit of French President Émile Loubet with his Foreign Minister Delcassé will follow on July 6th . Relations between the two states had been clouded since the Faschoda crisis in 1898 , but in 1904 it resulted in the conclusion of the Entente Cordiale .
- May 5 : Great Britain declares the Persian Gulf "part of the Indian border". This is a warning to the German Reich about the construction of the Baghdad Railway and to Russia about its Persian interests.
- June 11th : The Serbian King Alexander I and his wife Draga are murdered by Serbian officers in the royal palace.
- June 12 : Two years of military service are introduced in France. The army's peacetime strength is set at 600,000 men.
- June 16 : In the elections to the 11th German Reichstag , the SPD receives 31.7% and 81 seats, the Center 19.8% and 100 seats, the German Conservatives 10.0% and 54 seats and the National Liberals 13.9 % and 51 mandates. This means that the supporters of protective tariffs and the fleet bill retain a comfortable majority (237 of the 397 seats).
- June 19 : The Bern canton police put a file on the Italian socialist Benito Mussolini, who had already become a notorious troublemaker in other cantons .
Peter I after his coronation on July 15th
- June 24th : Peter I becomes the new King of Serbia.
- July 29th : Bloody suppression of strikes and unrest in Kiev , Odessa , Tbilisi and Baku by the Russian military
- July 30 : The Second Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party is secretly opened in Brussels . He had to be moved to London soon afterwards because the police asked the delegates to leave Belgium .
- August 2 : On Elias Day, the Christian population in Macedonia rises , organized by the Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization against the Ottoman-Turkish rule in the Ilinden uprising . The short-lived Republic of Kruševo is established. On August 6, the uprising extended to Eastern Thrace . The rebellion is put down by Ottoman troops, thousands of fighters and civilians die, 200 villages are razed to the ground, which triggers a wave of refugees.
- August 11 : After the murder of the Russian consul Rostkowski in Monastir by a Turkish gendarme, Russian Foreign Minister Vladimir Nikolajewitsch Lamsdorf demands not only the punishment of the murderer, but also the dismissal of all Turkish officials who are accused of assaulting Christians.
- 23 August : 6th Zionist Congress in Basel : Theodor Herzl proposes a home in Uganda as a provisional solution for the threatened Ukrainian Jews ; The ultimate goal, however, remains a state in Palestine .
- 23 August : At its second congress in Brussels and London, the factions of the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks are formed in the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party .
- September 11th : The elections for the Norwegian parliament end with considerable losses for the liberal ruling party.
- September 13 : The party congress of the SPD in Dresden rejects the revisionism represented by Eduard Bernstein . August Bebel asserts himself with his politics against his internal party opponents.
- October 3 : Agreement Mürzsteg between Russia and Austria-Hungary in the hunting lodge Mürzsteg that the existence of the Ottoman Empire guarantee at the same time but this to reforms in Macedonia call
- October 10 : Six women around Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst found the Women's Social and Political Union in Manchester , a women's suffrage association . They are the first to be nicknamed suffragettes .
America
- January 10 : Signing of a disarmament treaty between Chile and Argentina
- January 17th : During the blockade of the Venezuelan coast by British, Italian and German warships, the German warship Panther is shot at from Fort San Carlos. Thereupon the warships Gazelle , Vineta and Panther destroy on 22/23. January 1903 the fort. Since September 1901 Great Britain , Italy and the German Empire demanded compensation from Venezuela for the losses they suffered as a result of revolutionary unrest. Venezuela refused to pay these compensation payments and made it difficult for foreign companies to trade. To reinforce their demands, the European powers began the blockade. Venezuela bowed to European claims on February 24, 1903.
- February 23 : The US leases Guantánamo Bay from Cuba as a naval base for 99 years . The annual lease is $ 2000.
- March 3 : The US Congress approves a new immigration law . Immigrants should pay a poll tax, anarchists should be excluded from immigration.
- March 14 : The US Senate ratifies the Hay Herrán Treaty with Colombia on the Panama Canal .
- October 17 : The United States and Britain agree on the course of the border between Alaska and Canada .
- November 3rd : US warships land in Panama , whose secession from Colombia is initiated with this US-staged action (also known as the “operetta revolution”)
- November 18 : The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty between the USA and Panama is signed in Washington DC, which gives the USA the Panama Canal Zone and sovereign rights .
Africa
- Sokoto is defeated by the British under Frederick Lugard . The Konni region, detached from Sokoto , is added to French West Africa .
Asia
- Beginning of the British Tibet Campaign
- The second Delhi Durbar is held.
- December 1 : The Chinese government orders the modernization and reorganization of the army. Japanese instructors train the garrisons in Beijing and the imperial guards.
- December 13 : Japanese troops land in Mokpo , Korea, to crack down on striking workers. This leads to clashes.
- December 20 : The Chinese government enacts railroad regulations that make it difficult to award rail construction concessions and prohibit foreigners from owning more than 50% of the shares in a Chinese company.
economy
- January 29th : The American Chamber of Commerce in Germany is established as the first bilateral trade association in Germany.
- March 5 : The Ottoman Empire grants the Anatolian Railway the concession to build the Baghdad Railway .
- May 19 : David Dunbar Buick founds Buick Motor Company in Detroit , Michigan .
- May 24th : The German Motorcyclists Association is founded in the Hotel Silber in Stuttgart , which is converted into the General German Automobile Club (ADAC) in 1911 .
- June 16 : Henry Ford founds Ford Motor Company in Detroit , Michigan .
- June 16 . The US pharmacist Caleb Bradham is granted the trademark Pepsi-Cola for the soft drink he invented ten years earlier .
- July 1st : In Essen, the Krupp company is converted into a stock corporation ( Friedrich Krupp AG ).
- July 16 : An international currency conference takes place in Berlin. A fixed exchange ratio between silver and gold currencies is decided.
- July 25 : The Ford Motor Company begins selling its first car , the " Model A ".
- August 19 : In the USA, President Theodore Roosevelt wants to oblige large industrial companies to the public good through antitrust legislation.
- August 22nd : The strikes of the Crimmitschau textile workers begin; some 9,300 workers are on strike
- September 20th : AFMA (Institute for Musical Performance Rights) is established, a predecessor organization of GEMA .
- October 1 : Reinhold Burger receives a patent in Germany for the vacuum jug he researched . After its later sale, thermos flasks were manufactured in series as a product from 1920 .
- December 13 : The Italian immigrant Italo Marcioni in Hoboken (New Jersey) receives US patent number 746,971 for the machine he invented for making ice cream cones from waffle batter.
- The Harley-Davidson company is founded in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA in 1903 by William S. "Bill" Harley (1880–1943) and Arthur Davidson (1881–1950), and later William A. Davidson and Walter Davidson (1877–1942) founded as Harley-Davidson Moto Co.
- The company Kraft or Kraft Foods is founded in Chicago by James Lewis Kraft.
- The Werther 'sche Zuckerwarenfabrik is from August Storck founded.
- Maggie Walker founded the Grand United Order the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank . She is the first woman in the United States to start a bank and the first African American woman to run a bank.
science and technology
- February 12 : The expedition ship Antarctic of the Swedish polar explorer Otto Nordenskjöld , trapped in the pack ice , sinks in the Weddell Sea . The entire crew reached Paulet Island after sixteen days , from where they were rescued ten months later.
- May 28 : The Sengbach dam , built according to the Intze principle , is inaugurated near Solingen .
- June 21 : In Frankfurt is Association of German Architects (BDA) was founded.
- September 9 : The Albula Railway in the Canton of Graubünden is inaugurated. The first trip goes from Chur to Samedan .
- September 30th : The Warnemünde – Gedser route , the world's first rail ferry connection , is opened in the presence of King Christian IX. of Denmark and Grand Duke Friedrich Franz IV of Mecklenburg-Schwerin .
- October 27 : On the military railway between Marienfelde and Zossen, a three-phase powered railcar sets the world speed record for rail vehicles with 210.2 km / h.
- December 17 : The Wright brothers take off on the Wright Flyer for their first controlled powered flight.
- Konstantin Tsiolkovsky , the father of modern space theory, published in the Russian science magazine Scientific Rundschau under the title: space exploration by reaction apparatuses for the first time the theoretical effects of a rocket drive as rocket equation the basis of today's space technology .
- Emil Rathenau founds the Allgemeine Electricitäts-Gesellschaft ( AEG ) in Berlin
- Oskar von Miller founds the German Museum in Munich
- Philipp Lenard discovers that electron beams penetrate metal foils and develops his idea that most of the atom must be empty
- Joseph John Thomson develops the Thomson atomic model named after him ( raisin cake model )
Culture
Movie
- Edwin S. Porter is shooting the first western in film history : The Great Train Robbery is twelve minutes long. The world premiere will take place on December 1st .
literature
- December 21 : The Prix Goncourt , France's most important literary prize , is awarded for the first time.
Pierre-Auguste Renoir : Baigneuse , 1903, oil on canvas
- Sherlock Holmes returns from the dead. In 1893, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's master detective was handed over to romance, which sparked angry protests from the fan base.
- Military-critical novel Jena or Sedan? by Franz Adam Beyerlein in Berlin
- Poetry collection The City and the World by Valeri Brjussow in Moscow
- The satire The Way of All Flesh by Samuel Butler is published posthumously in London.
- Modern verse epic Two People by Richard Dehmel in Berlin
- The collection of essays On the Nature of Blacks by William Du Bois becomes the Manifesto of Black Americans.
- Epistle novel Letters that did not reach him from Elisabeth von Heyking in Berlin
- Novel The Envoys of Henry James in London
- The rabbit novel by Francis Jammes in Paris
- Fin de siècle novel The Goddesses by Heinrich Mann in Munich
- Novella Tonio Kröger by Thomas Mann
- The culinary arts guide by master chef Auguste Escoffier is published for the first time.
Music and theater
Claude Monet : Waterloo Bridge - Sun behind a haze , 1903, oil on canvas
- January 19 : World premiere of the opera Het Eerekruis by Cornelis Dopper in Amsterdam
- February 9th : Staged premiere of the oratorio Marie-Magdeleine by Jules Massenet in Nice
- February 11 : The premiere of the 9th Symphony by Anton Bruckner in Vienna
- February 20th : Premiere of the operetta Bruder Straubinger by Edmund Eysler at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna
- May 9 : World premiere of the operetta Spring Air with music by the composer Josef Strauss, who died around 30 years earlier, in the Venice Summer Theater in Vienna in the Vienna Prater
- June 7 : World premiere of the Ilsebill dramatic symphony . The fairy tale of the fisherman and his wife by Friedrich Klose in Karlsruhe
- August 30 : World premiere of Scott Joplin's opera A Guest of Honor in East St. Louis
- October 1st : Premiere of the opera Alpenkönig und Misanthrope by Leo Blech at the Dresden Court Opera
- October 8 : World premiere of the one-act play The Shadow in the Valley by John Millington Synge in Dublin
- October 19 : premiere of the drama Der Strom by Max Halbe in Vienna
- October 30th : Premiere of the drama Elektra by Hugo von Hofmannsthal in Berlin
- October 31 : premiere of the drama Rose Bernd von Gerhart Hauptmann in Berlin
- November 15 : Premiere of the opera Tiefland by Eugen d'Albert in Prague
- November 17th : Premiere of the opera Mademoiselle Fifi by César Cui in Moscow
- November 27 : premiere of the opera Le donne curiose by Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari in Munich
- December 19 : World premiere of Umberto Giordano's opera Siberia in Milan
- December 24th : first staged performance of Richard Wagner's Parsifal outside the Bayreuth Festival Hall at the Metropolitan Opera in New York
- Piano pieces Three pieces in the shape of a pear by Erik Satie in Paris
Others
Kazimir Malewitsch : Unemployed Girl , 1903, oil on canvas
- January 1st : The changed German spelling is introduced in the authorities of Germany , Austria-Hungary and Switzerland . The results of the 2nd Orthographic Conference are thus implemented. The change in the “th” spelling is one of its essential characteristics.
- May 31 : Opening of the Neue Welt concert and ball house in Zwickau
- November 2 : The Lyceum Theater opens on New York's Broadway and is the first building to feature fully electric lighting.
Richard Ernst Kepler - In the land of the Christ Child with verses by Gerhard Lang
- The publisher Gerhard Lang has the idea for the first preliminary form of an advent calendar . Richard Ernst Kepler implemented this in the drawing .
- December 15th : Foundation of the German Association of Artists
society
- February 11th : The marriage of the Saxon Crown Prince couple is divorced "because of adultery of the defendants " in Dresden.
- March 1 : The Dresden Police Department introduces dactyloscopy to investigate crimes in Germany .
- October 6 : The association Association of Teachers of Germany academically trained is German Philologenverband founded.
- Henriette Arendt is the first female police officer in Germany to be employed by the Stuttgart City Police Office .
religion
- February 20 : Pope Leo XIII. celebrates its 25th pontificate anniversary.
- July 20 : Leo XIII. dies at the age of 93.
- August 4 : Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto is elected Pope after a four-day conclave . He calls himself Pius X and succeeds Leo XIII. on. The Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph had intervened in the election against the candidate Cardinal Rampolla . The newly elected Pope forbids this exclusivity immediately after taking office.
- August 15 : In the German Empire , the Indologist Karl Seidenstücker founds the Buddhist Mission Association for Germany . The Buddhism in Germany thus receives its first organization.
Disasters
- March 22nd : In Colombia, a volcanic eruption devastates the region around the city of Bahia Galera de Zamba and kills many.
- April 14 : An earthquake of unknown magnitude in Turkey kills around 1,700.
- April 28 : About 2,200 people are killed in a 6.3 magnitude earthquake in Turkey.
- August 10 : 84 people died in the accident at Couronnes train station in the Paris Métro .
- December 30th : A fire breaks out in Chicago during an afternoon performance in the Iroquois Theater , which opened a few weeks earlier, killing over 600 people.
Minor accidents are listed in the sub-articles of Catastrophe .
Sports
- January 13th : 1. FC Phönix Lübeck is founded in Lübeck
- March 19 : In Turkey , the association will Beşiktaş JK founded.
- April 18th : 1. FC Saarbrücken is founded in the Malstatt district of Saarbrücken
- April 26 : The Spanish football club Atlético Madrid is founded.
- May 13 : The German soccer club FC Carl Zeiss Jena is founded.
- May 27th : Foundation of VFC Plauen in the restaurant "Deutsche Flotte" in Plauen
- May 31 : The first final of the German soccer championship takes place on the parade pasture in Altona . The VfB Leipzig defeated the DFC Prag with 7: 2 and wins the Victoria Cup
- July 1st : start of the first Tour de France in Paris ; it runs over 2,482 kilometers across France .
- July 11th : The world's first motorboat race takes place on a 13.6 kilometer route between Cork and Glamire in Ireland.
- September 23 : Foundation of the SpVgg Fürth
- October 1 : Start of the first modern baseball - World Series
- November 14th : Harvard University opens its Harvard Stadium, a horseshoe-shaped sports facility where American football is played predominantly .
For entries of athletics world records, see under the respective discipline under athletics
Nobel Prizes
| price | person | country | Reason for awarding the prize | image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nobel Price for physics |
Henri Becquerel (1852-1908) |
 France
|
"In recognition of the extraordinary merit he has earned through the discovery of spontaneous radioactivity " |
|
|
Marie Curie (1867-1934) |
France (born in Warsaw , Poland , then Russia )
  |
"In recognition of the extraordinary merit that they have earned through their joint work on the radiation phenomena discovered by H. Becquerel" |
|
|
|
Pierre Curie (1859-1906) |
France
|
|
||
| Nobel Prize in Chemistry |
Svante August Arrhenius (1859-1927) |
.svg){kind=small} Sweden
|
"In recognition of the extraordinary merit he has earned through his theory of electrolytic dissociation for the development of chemistry" |
|
| Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine |
Niels Ryberg Finsen (1860-1904) |
 Denmark (born in Tórshavn )
|
"In recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris , by means of concentrated light rays, through which he opened up a new path for medical science" (Note: Lupus vulgaris , in German skin tuberculosis, is a rare form of tuberculosis) |
|
| Nobel Prize in literature |
Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson (1832-1910) |
 Norway
|
"As proof of recognition for his noble, magnificent and versatile effectiveness as a poet, who was always distinguished by a unique freshness of inspiration and a rare purity of soul" |
|
| Nobel Peace Prize |
William Randal Cremer (1828-1908) |
 United Kingdom
|
Founder of the “ Inter-Parliamentary Union for International Arbitration ”. |
|
Contemporary maps and views
New York City, Hester Street in Manhattan around 1903 ( Little Italy )
Born
January
- January 2nd : Tanaka Kane , Japanese supercentenarian
- January 2 : Pyotr Stefanowski , Soviet test pilot († 1976 )
- January 4 : Georg Elser , German resistance fighter and Hitler assassin († 1945 )
- January 4 : Gustav Wegner , German athlete († 1942 )
- January 6 : Maurice Abravanel , American conductor († 1993 )
- January 6 : Hermann Gerstner , German librarian and writer († 1993 )
- January 6 : Walter Nigg , Swiss theologian († 1988 )
- January 7th : Carlos Di Sarli , Argentine tango musician († 1960 )
- January 7th : Josef Breuer , German chess player († 1981 )
- January 7th : Albrecht Haushofer , German geographer, diplomat and writer († 1945 )
- January 7th : Mori Mari , Japanese writer († 1987 )
- January 7 : Vladimir Vlasov , Russian composer († 1986 )
- January 9 : Gioacchino Colombo , Italian designer of automotive engines († 1987 )
- January 9 : Melitta Schenk Countess von Stauffenberg , German aviator in World War II († 1945 )
- January 10 : Flaminio Bertoni , Italian designer, sculptor and architect († 1964 )
- January 10 : Barbara Hepworth , British sculptor († 1975 )
- January 10 : Walter Scherau , German folk actor († 1962 )
- January 11 : Alan Paton , South African writer and opponent of apartheid († 1988 )
- January 12 : Igor Kurchatov , Soviet physicist († 1960 )
- January 13 : Arthur Dom , Dutch-German motorcycle racer and engineer († 1996 )
- January 13 : Olaf Klose , German art historian and librarian († 1987 )
- January 15 : Paul A. Dever , American politician († 1958 )
- January 16 : William Grover-Williams , British-French racing car driver and SOE spy († 1945 )
- January 17 : Hans Rheinwald , German agricultural scientist († 1968 )
- January 17 : Wilhelm Sebastian , German automobile racing driver and racing mechanic († 1978 )
- January 18 : Berthold Goldschmidt , German composer († 1996 )
- January 18 : Werner Hinz , German actor († 1985 )
- January 19 : Boris Blacher , German musicologist and composer († 1975 )
- January 21 : Erwin Bockelmann , German mineral oil industrialist († 1971 )
- January 22nd : Friedrich Georg Houtermans , German physicist († 1966 )
- January 22nd : Helmut Rüdiger , German author, publicist, anarcho-syndicalist († 1966 )
- January 23 : Grigory Alexandrov , Soviet filmmaker († 1983 )
- January 23 : Ivan Galamian , violin teacher († 1981 )
- January 24th : Louis de Wohl , German writer and astrologer († 1961 )
- January 26 : Franz Marx , German politician († 1985 )
- January 27 : Howard P. Robertson , American physicist († 1961 )
- January 27 : John Carew Eccles , Australian physiologist († 1997 )
- January 28 : William Nelson Austin , American film editor († 1993 )
- January 28 : Johannes Harder , German sociologist († 1987 )
- January 29 : Bernhard Reismann , German politician († 1982 )
- January 30th : Slatan Dudow , Bulgarian director († 1963 )
- January 31 : Joseph Illerhaus , German politician († 1973 )
February
- February 1st : Franz Reinisch , member of the Schoenstatt Movement, refused to oath Hitler († 1942 )
- February 1 : Georg Rendl , Austrian writer († 1972 )
- February 2 : Bartel Leendert van der Waerden , Dutch mathematician († 1996 )
- February 2 : Eugen Kogon , German publicist, sociologist and political scientist († 1987 )
- February 2 : Karl Duncker , German psychologist, exponent of Gestalt theory († 1940 )
- February 3 : Arie den Arend , Dutch composer and organist († 1982 )
- February 3 : Frances James , Canadian soprano and music teacher († 1988 )
- February 4 : Alexander Imich , Polish-American chemist and parapsychologist († 2014 )
- February 5 : Fritz Everding , naturalistic painter and graphic artist († 1965 )
- February 5 : Maekawa Samio , Japanese poet († 1990 )
- February 5 : Alfredo Vicente Scherer , Archbishop of Porto Alegre and Cardinal († 1996 )
- February 6 : Claudio Arrau , Chilean pianist († 1991 )
- February 6 : Egon von Vietinghoff , painter, textbook author, philosopher († 1994 )
- February 7 : François-Nestor Adam , Italian bishop († 1990 )
- February 7 : Fritz Münch , Swiss union official († 1993 )
- February 8 : Greta Keller , Austrian chanson singer († 1977 )
- February 8 : Tunku Abdul Rahman , Malay politician († 1990 )
- February 9 : Georg Trexler , German church musician, music teacher and composer († 1979 )
- February 10 : Franco Cortese , Italian racing car driver († 1986 )
- February 10 : Matthias Sindelar , Austrian football player († 1939 )
- February 11 : Irène Némirovsky , French writer of Ukrainian descent († 1942 )
- February 12 : Fernand Oubradous , French bassoonist and composer († 1986 )
- February 12 : Georges Simenon , Belgian writer († 1989 )
- February 13 : Georgi Michailowitsch Beriev , Soviet aircraft designer († 1979 )
- February 14 : Fritz Büchtger , German composer († 1978 )
- February 14th : Julius Meinl III. , Austrian entrepreneur († 1991 )
- February 15 : Heinrich Drake , German sculptor († 1994 )
- February 15 : Hans Venatier , German writer († 1959 )
- February 18 : Nikolai Viktorovich Podgorny , Soviet head of state († 1983 )
- February 19 : Abel Meeropol , American songwriter and writer († 1986 )
- February 20 : Ella Maillart , Swiss athlete and travel writer († 1997 )
- February 20 : Joseph Schröffer , Bishop of Eichstätt, Curia Cardinal († 1983 )
- February 21 : Scrapper Blackwell , American blues guitarist († 1962 )
- February 21 : William H. Clothier , American cameraman († 1996 )
- February 21 : Anaïs Nin , American writer († 1977 )
- February 21 : Dorothea Neff , Austrian actress († 1986 )
- February 21 : Raymond Queneau , French poet and writer († 1976 )
- February 22 : Rudolf Beiswanger , German actor, radio broadcaster and theater director († 1984 )
- February 22 : Morley Callaghan , Canadian writer († 1990 )
- February 22nd : Béla Grunberger , French psychoanalyst of Hungarian origin († 2005 )
- February 22 : Frank Plumpton Ramsey , British mathematician and logician († 1930 )
- February 22nd : Just Scheu , German composer, librettist, actor, screenwriter a. on († 1956 )
- February 23 : Julius Fučík , Czech writer, journalist and cultural politician († 1943 )
- February 24 : Franz Burda , German publisher and founder of Burda Verlag († 1986 )
- February 25 : Gerhard Schrader , German chemist († 1990 )
- February 25 : Ivan Pavlovich Bratuchin , Soviet helicopter designer († 1985 )
- February 26 : Giulio Natta , Italian chemist († 1979 )
- February 26 : Jan Fethke , German-Polish film director, screenwriter and Esperanto writer († 1980 )
- February 26 : Orde Wingate , British major general († 1944 )
- February 27 : Henry Deyglun , Canadian actor, director and writer of French origin († 1971 )
- February 27 : Fred Oelßner , member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the SED († 1977 )
- February 27 : Grethe Weiser , German actress († 1970 )
- February 28 : Vincente Minnelli , American director († 1986 )
March
- March 1 : Herbert Kriedemann , German politician († 1977 )
- March 2 : Fritz Giegold , German chess problem composer and chess player († 1978 )
- March 2 : Harry Giese , spokesman for NS newsreels and actor († 1991 )
- March 3 : Adrian Adolph Greenberg , American costume designer († 1959 )
- March 3 : Rabbe Arnfinn Enckell , Finnish-Swedish writer, poet and painter († 1974 )
- March 4 : Eva Bernoulli , Swiss speech therapist and pedagogue († 1995 )
- March 4 : Karl Hamann , German politician, Minister of Commerce of the GDR († 1973 )
- March 4 : John Scarne , American gambling expert and card artist († 1985 )
- March 6 : Erich Thiess , German economist († 1968 )
- March 7 : J. Allen Frear , American politician († 1993 )
- March 7th : Erwin Stein , German politician and judge at the Federal Constitutional Court in Karlsruhe († 1992 )
- March 8 : Heinrich Troßbach , German athlete († 1947 )
- March 9 : Johan Goslings , Dutch physician († 1975 )
- March 9 : Albert Meyer , Archbishop of Chicago and Cardinal († 1965 )
- March 9 : Wage Rudolf Soepratman , composer of the Indonesian national anthem Indonesia Raya († 1938 )
- March 10 : Bix Beiderbecke , American jazz musician and cornet player († 1931 )
- March 11 : Ronald Syme , New Zealand historian († 1989 )
- March 14 : Molla Mustafa Barzani , leader of the Kurdish Democratic Party († 1979 )
- March 14 : Otto Friedrich Bollnow , philosopher, educator, psychologist († 1991 )
- March 14 : Adolph Gottlieb , American painter († 1974 )
- March 15 : Emmy Damerius-Koenen , German journalist, co-founder of the DFD († 1987 )
- March 16 : Mike Mansfield , American politician († 2001 )
- March 17 : Wilhelm von Ammon , German lawyer († 1992 )
- March 17 : Josef Augusta , Czech paleontologist († 1968 )
- March 17 : Rudolf Signer , Swiss chemist († 1990 )
- March 18 : Egon Brunswik , American psychologist († 1955 )
- March 18 : Galeazzo Ciano , Italian politician († 1944 )
- March 18 : eoplauen , German draftsman († 1944 )
- March 18 : Karl Helbig , German scientist, ethnologist, explorer, ship heater († 1991 )
- March 18 : Otto Meier , German artist († 1996 )
- March 18 : Fritz Stüber , Austrian writer, journalist and politician (VdU) († 1978 )
- March 20 : Arthur Kleiner , Austrian-American film composer († 1980 )
- March 20 : Vincent Richards , American tennis player († 1959 )
- March 20 : Josef Trischler , German politician († 1975 )
- March 21 : Paul Fitzgibbon , American football player († 1975 )
- March 21 : William C. Hayes , American Egyptologist († 1963 )
- March 22nd : Hans Hessling , German actor († 1995 )
- March 22nd : Jochen Klepper , German journalist, writer and song poet († 1942 )
- March 23 : Alejandro Casona , Spanish writer († 1965 )
- March 23 : Ludwig Heinrich Heydenreich , German art historian († 1978 )
- March 24th : Adolf Butenandt , German chemist, Nobel Prize winner († 1995 )
- March 24th : Margot Rojas Mendoza , Cuban pianist and music teacher († 1996 )
- March 24 : Igor Newerly , Polish writer and educator († 1987 )
- March 25 : Julio Antonio Mella , co-founder of the Communist Party of Cuba († 1929 )
- March 26 : Otto Abetz , National Socialist, German ambassador in Paris († 1958 )
- March 26 : Paul Doyon , Canadian pianist and organist († 1986 )
- March 26 : Arno Vetterling , German conductor and composer († 1963 )
- March 28 : Rudolf Serkin , Austrian pianist († 1991 )
- March 29 : Karl Andersen , Norwegian cellist and composer († 1970 )
- March 29 : Eduard Wahl , German politician († 1985 )
- March 30th : Hans Ludwig Pfeiffer , German painter and sculptor († 1999 )
- March 31 : Ernst Arnold , German politician († 1966 )
April
- April 1 : Salo Landau , Dutch chess player († 1944 )
- April 2 : Gabriel Cusson , Canadian composer and music teacher († 1972 )
- April 3 : Peter Huchel , German poet († 1981 )
- April 3 : Bubber Miley , American jazz musician and trumpeter († 1932 )
- April 3 : Josef Mühlberger , German writer and journalist († 1985 )
- April 3 : Piero Pastore , Italian football player and actor († 1968 )
- April 3 : Joachim Ritter , German philosopher († 1974 )
- April 4 : Willy Rumpf , Minister of Finance of the GDR († 1982 )
- April 6 : Harold E. Edgerton , American electrical engineer, inventor of the stroboscope († 1990 )
- April 7th : Willi Forst , Austrian actor, screenwriter, director and producer († 1980 )
- April 8 : Dennis J. Roberts , American politician († 1994 )
- April 9 : Kai Molter , Danish painter († 1977 )
- April 9 : Gregory Goodwin Pincus , American physiologist († 1967 )
- April 10 : Hugh Adcock , British football player († 1975 )
- April 10 : Marjorie Best , American costume designer († 1997 )
- April 10 : Willy Stahl , German politician († 1989 )
- April 12 : Arthur Geiss , German motorcycle racer († 1982 )
- April 12 : Rudolf Hotzenköcherle , Swiss linguist († 1976 )
- April 12 : Jan Tinbergen , Dutch mathematician and economist († 1994 )
- April 15 : Erich Arendt , German poet and translator († 1984 )
- April 15 : Gerd Horseling , German politician († 1992 )
- April 15 : John Williams , British actor († 1983 )
- April 16 : Charles Coleman , British officer († 1974 )
- April 17 : Nicolas Nabokov , Russian-American composer († 1978 )
- April 17 : Gregor Piatigorsky , American cellist († 1976 )
- April 18 : Leonid Kinskey , Russian-American actor († 1998 )
- April 19 : Walter Ackermann , Swiss pilot and writer († 1939 )
- April 19 : Howard E. Armstrong , American lawyer and politician († 1983 )
- April 19 : Eliot Ness , American tax officer and prohibition agent († 1957 )
- April 19 : Lotte Ulbricht , SED functionary, second wife of the GDR State Council Chairman Walter Ulbricht († 2002 )
- April 20 : Karl Aichhorn , Austrian politician († 1967 )
- April 20 : Franz Weselik , Austrian football player († 1962 )
- April 22nd : Daphne Jessie Akhurst , Australian tennis player († 1933 )
- April 22 : Margaret Miller Brown , Canadian pianist and music teacher († 1970 )
- April 22 : Karl Eberhard Schöngarth , Commander of the Security Police and Security Service († 1946 )
- April 23 : Karl Larenz , German civil lawyer and legal philosopher († 1993 )
- April 24 : Mike Michalske , American football player († 1983 )
- April 24 : José Antonio Primo de Rivera , Spanish politician († 1936 )
- April 25 : Andrei Nikolajewitsch Kolmogorow , Russian mathematician († 1987 )
- April 25 : Camilla Horn , German actress († 1996 )
- April 25 : Michele Pellegrino , Archbishop of Turin and Cardinal († 1986 )
- April 26 : Alex Möller , German politician († 1985 )
- April 27 : Karl Maron , Minister of the Interior of the GDR († 1975 )
- April 29 : Hibino Shirō , Japanese writer († 1975 )
- April 30 : Günter Raphael , German composer († 1960 )
May
- May 1 : Melvin E. Thompson , American politician, Governor of Georgia († 1980 )
- May 2 : Øivin Fjeldstad , Norwegian composer and conductor († 1983 )
- May 3 : Bing Crosby , American singer and actor († 1977 )
- May 4 : Lutha J. Adler , American film and stage actor († 1984 )
- May 6 : Hermann Grab , Czech writer and musician († 1949 )
- May 7 : Max Jüngling , German politician († 1963 )
- May 8 : Fernandel , French actor and singer († 1971 )
- May 8 : Manuel Anatol Arístegui , Spanish football player († 1990 )
- May 10 : Otto Bradfisch , SS-Obersturmbannführer († 1994 )
- May 10 : Hans Jonas , German-Jewish philosopher and ethicist († 1993 )
- May 10 : Kay Petre , Canadian racing car driver and journalist († 1994 )
- May 12 : Kusano Shinpei , Japanese poet († 1988 )
- May 12 : Detlef Struve , German politician († 1987 )
- May 12 : Lennox Berkeley , English composer († 1989 )
- May 13 : Reinhold Schneider , German writer († 1958 )
- May 14 : Franz Seume , German politician and Member of the Bundestag († 1982 )
- May 15 : Jean Cavaillès , French philosopher († 1944 )
- May 15 : Maria Reiche , German mathematician and archaeologist († 1998 )
- May 16 : Thomas Abernethy , American politician († 1998 )
- May 20 : Jerzy Fitelberg , Polish composer († 1951 )
- May 23 : Cardinal Pablo Muñoz Vega , Archbishop of Quito († 1994 )
- May 23 : Ernst Klodwig , German racing driver († 1973 )
- May 25 : Johan Schreiner , Norwegian historian († 1967 )
- May 27 : Walt Kiesling , American football player and coach († 1962 )
- May 28 : Luis César Amadori , Argentine filmmaker, screenwriter and writer († 1977 )
- May 28 : Dagobert David Arian , German-Israeli police and state official († 1991 )
- May 28 : Gustav Siewerth , German philosopher and educator († 1963 )
- May 28 : Stephan Jaeggi , Swiss composer and conductor († 1957 )
- May 29 : Bob Hope , American comedian, actor and entertainer († 2003 )
- May 30 : Countee Cullen , American writer († 1946 )
- May 30 : Hayashi Fusao , Japanese writer († 1975 )
- May 30 : Robert Hood Saunders , Canadian politician and 48th Mayor of Toronto († 1955 )
- May 31 : Cyril Paul , British racing car driver († 1984 )
- May: Alexandre Garbell , French painter († 1970 )
June
- June 2 : Max Aub , Spanish writer († 1972 )
- June 3 : Ted Tetzlaff , American director († 1995 )
- June 4 : Yevgeny Mrawinsky , Russian conductor († 1988 )
- June 5 : Adolf Kainz , Austrian canoeist († 1948 )
- June 5 : Eugen Lechner , German politician († 1971 )
- June 6 : Gottlob Auwärter , German coachbuilder and entrepreneur († 1993 )
- June 6 : Aram Khachaturian , Soviet composer († 1978 )
- June 8 : Günther L. Arko , German cameraman († 1964 )
- June 8 : Eduard Brücklmeier , German resistance fighter († 1944 )
- June 8 : Ernst Rudolf Huber , German constitutional lawyer († 1990 )
- June 8 : Johannes Ludwig , German football player († 1985 )
- June 8 : Marguerite Yourcenar , writer († 1987 )
- June 9 : Karl Ferdinand Abt , Hessian politician († 1945 )
- June 9 : Otto Hans Abt , Swiss painter († 1982 )
- June 9 : Felice Bonetto , Italian racing car driver († 1953 )
- June 10 : Friedrich Born , Swiss diplomat († 1963 )
- June 10 : Theo Lingen , German actor, director and author († 1978 )
- June 10 : Albéric Loqueheux , French racing car driver († 1985 )
- June 13 : Carl Anderson , American production designer († 1989 )
- June 13 : Elisabeth Augustin , German-Dutch writer († 2001 )
- June 13 : Red Grange , American football player († 1991 )
- June 13 : Anton Kutter , German director and designer of the Kutter-Schiefspiegler († 1985 )
- June 14 : Alonzo Church , American mathematician († 1995 )
- June 15 : Wilhelm Jost , German chemist († 1988 )
- June 15 : Fyodor Koschewnikow , Russian lawyer († 1998 )
- June 17th : Natalie Beer , Austrian poet and writer († 1987 )
- June 17 : William Vallance Douglas Hodge , British mathematician († 1975 )
- June 17th : Ilse Schüle , type cutter and typographer († 1997 )
- June 18 : Felix von Eckardt , German politician († 1979 )
- June 18 : Siegfried Kasche , SA-Obergruppenführer and envoy in Zagreb († 1947 )
- June 18 : Jeanette MacDonald , American actress († 1965 )
- June 18 : Raymond Radiguet , French writer († 1923 )
- June 19 : Albert Brehme , German bobsleigh driver
- June 19 : Lou Gehrig , American baseball player († 1941 )
- June 19 : Hans Litten , German lawyer († 1938 )
- June 19 : Annalize Wagner , German homeland researcher († 1986 )
- June 21 : Hermann Engelhard , German athlete († 1984 )
- June 21 : Hans Epskamp , German actor († 1992 )
- June 21 : Al Hirschfeld , American cartoonist († 2003 )
- June 22nd : John Dillinger , first person whom the FBI called Public Enemy No. 1 († 1934 )
- June 22 : Yamamoto Shūgorō , Japanese writer († 1967 )
- June 23 : Hans Christian Branner , Danish writer († 1966 )
- June 23 : Hans Georg Calmeyer , lawyer, rescuer of many thousands of Jews in the occupied Netherlands († 1972 )
- June 25 : Pierre Brossolette , French politician, member of the Resistance († 1944 )
- June 25 : Thomas C. Hennings , American politician († 1960 )
- June 25 : George Orwell , British writer and essayist († 1950 )
- June 26 : Abe Tomoji , Japanese writer, translator and literary critic († 1973 )
- June 26 : Hans Weisz , Romanian-German church musician and composer († 1982 )
- June 30 : Robert E. Hannegan , American politician († 1949 )
July
- July 1 : Percy Charles Austin , English football player († 1961 )
- July 1 : Amy Johnson , British pilot († 1941 )
- July 1 : Karl Schubert , German administrative lawyer
- July 2 : Alec Douglas-Home , British Prime Minister († 1995 )
- July 2 : Olav V , King of Norway († 1991 )
- July 2 : Hans Krasensky , Austrian business educator († 2006 )
- July 3 : Ace Bailey , Canadian ice hockey player († 1992 )
- July 3 : Wolfgang Haußmann , German politician († 1989 )
- July 4th : Corrado Bafile , Roman Catholic theologian, diplomat and church official († 2005 )
- July 4th : Werner Rudolf Heinrich Keyßner , German politician and member of the Reichstag († 1969 )
- July 4th : Flor Peeters , Belgian composer, organist and music teacher († 1986 )
- July 4th : Erich Sternberg , German-Russian geriatric psychiatrist († 1980 )
- July 6 : Hugo Theorell , Swedish biochemist († 1982 )
- July 6 : Otto Lenz , German politician († 1957 )
- July 7 : Steven Runciman , British historian († 2000 )
- July 10 : John Wyndham , British science fiction writer († 1969 )
- July 10 : Karl Fritzsch , German concentration camp overseer and war criminal († 1945 )
- July 10 : Werner Best , German lawyer, police chief and National Socialist († 1989 )
- July 11th : OE Hasse , German actor, director and voice actor († 1978 )
- July 11 : Rudolf Abel , Russian agent († 1971 )
- July 12 : Norbert-Jean Mahé , French racing car driver († after 1953)
- July 14 : Carlos Prío Socarrás , Cuban President († 1977 )
- July 14 : Thomas D. Clark , American historian († 2005 )
- July 16 : Fritz Bauer , German judge and public prosecutor († 1968 )
- July 17th : Helena Cortesina , Spanish dancer, actress and director († 1984 )
- July 17 : Takeyama Michio , Japanese writer († 1984 )
- July 18 : Victor Gruen , Jewish urban planner and architect († 1980 )
- July 18 : Zoltán Horusitzky , Hungarian composer, pianist and music teacher († 1985 )
- July 19 : Willi Multhaup , German soccer coach († 1982 )
- July 19 : Maximilian Rott , German businessman and writer († 1957 )
- July 19 : Kingsley A. Taft , American politician († 1970 )
- July 21 : Heinrich Wilhelm Ahrens , German lawyer, businessman and manager († 2002 )
- July 21 : Paul Baumgartner , Swiss pianist († 1976 )
- July 22 : Ami Assaf , Israeli politician († 1963 )
- July 22nd : Anton Saefkow , German communist and resistance fighter against National Socialism († 1944 )
- July 22 : Willy Dehnkamp , German politician († 1985 )
- July 25 : André Fleury , French composer, pianist, organist and music teacher († 1995 )
- July 25 : Fritz Oellers , German politician († 1977 )
- July 26 : Gérard Favere , Belgian composer and conductor († 1975 )
- July 27 : Clive Douglas , Australian composer, musician and conductor († 1977 )
- July 28 : Ernst Wilhelm Bohle , German politician, head of the NSDAP's foreign organization († 1960 )
- July 28th : Colin Gregory , British tennis player († 1959 )
- July 28 : Silvina Ocampo Aguirre , Argentine writer and translator († 1993 )
- July 28 : Friedrich Rainer , NSDAP Gauleiter and Austrian governor of Salzburg and Carinthia († 1947 )
- July 31 : Emil Hirschfeld , German athlete († 1968 )
- July 31 : Jan Wodyński , Polish painter († 1988 )
August
- August 2 : Mathilde Danegger , German actress († 1988 )
- August 2 : Johannes Baptist Lotz , German philosopher († 1992 )
- August 2 : Nakano Yoshio , Japanese literary scholar and translator († 1985 )
- August 3 : Habib Bourguiba , Tunisian President (1957–1987) († 2000 )
- August 3 : Rudolf Wolters , German architect († 1983 )
- August 4th : Bruno Gleitze , German economist, university professor and politician († 1980 )
- August 4th : Hans-Christoph Seebohm , German politician († 1967 )
- August 5th : Nicholas of Romania , Romanian nobleman and racing car driver († 1978 )
- August 6 : Eduard Aigner , German painter († 1978 )
- August 6 : Hans Königs , German architect and city curator († 1988 )
- August 7th : Fred Kassen , German cabaret director († 1972 )
- August 7 : Joseph H. Bottum , American politician († 1984 )
- August 7th : Louis Leakey , British paleoanthropologist († 1972 )
- August 7 : Saburo Moroi , Japanese composer († 1977 )
- August 7th : Maria Reining , Austrian opera singer († 1991 )
- August 10 : Eleanor Lambert , American fashion journalist († 2003 )
- August 12 : Mario Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano , Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church († 1988 )
- August 14 : Jack Gardner , American jazz pianist († 1957 )
- August 14 : Eduardo Mallea , Argentine writer and diplomat († 1982 )
- August 15 : Karl Harder , German chess problem composer († 1978 )
- August 15 : Pascal Pia , French writer and journalist († 1979 )
- August 16 : Ernst Assmann , German forest scientist († 1979 )
- August 16 : Eduard Hermann , German actor and radio play director († 1964 )
- August 17 : Abram Chasins , American composer, pianist and musicologist († 1987 )
- August 19 : Ludwig Apfelbeck , Austrian engineer and designer of internal combustion engines († 1987 )
- August 19 : César Moro , Peruvian poet and surrealist painter († 1956 )
- August 21 : Josef Dahmen , German actor († 1985 )
- August 21 : Fritz Scherwitz , manager of workshops for Jewish forced laborers in Riga († 1962 )
- August 22 : Albert Francis Birch , American geophysicist († 1992 )
- August 22 : Jerry Iger , American cartoonist and comic artist († 1990 )
- August 23 : Wolfgang Bartels , German politician and Member of the Bundestag († 1975 )
- August 23 : Charles F. Brannan , American politician († 1992 )
- August 23 : Walter Linse , German lawyer († 1953 )
- August 24 : Karl Hanke , NSDAP functionary († 1945 )
- August 24 : Ede Zathureczky , Hungarian violinist and music teacher († 1959 )
- August 24 : Erwin Zucker-Schilling , Austrian journalist and writer († 1985 )
- August 25 : Arpad Elo , American physicist and statistician († 1992 )
- August 25 : Rose Ouellette , Canadian comedian, actress and singer († 1996 )
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- August 26 : Jimmy Rushing , American blues and jazz singer († 1972 )
- August 27 : Leopold Achberger , Evangelical Lutheran Superintendent of Styria († 1994 )
- August 27 : Ernst Bettermann , German politician († 1983 )
- August 27 : Rudolf Kühnhold , German physicist († 1992 )
- August 28 : Bruno Bettelheim , American psychoanalyst and child psychologist († 1990 )
- August 28 : Rudolf Wagner-Régeny , German composer of Romanian origin († 1969 )
- August 29 : Ernst Kreuder , German writer († 1972 )
- August 30 : Johannes Brüns , German politician († 1965 )
- August 30 : Pietro Pavan , Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church († 1994 )
- August 30 : Manuel Felipe Rugeles , Venezuelan poet and essayist († 1959 )
- August 31 : Franz Blatt , Austrian-Danish Middle Latin philologist († 1979 )
- August 31 : Heinz Maria Oeftering , first President of the German Federal Railways and the Federal Audit Office († 2004 )
September
- September 1 : Ray Flaherty , American football player and coach († 1994 )
- September 2 : Martin Heix , German politician († 1977 )
- September 3 : Joseph Arregui y Yparaguirre , Spanish clergyman († 1979 )
- September 3 : Lothar Bolz , Chairman of the NDPD of the GDR († 1986 )
- September 3 : Wiktor Brégy , Polish singer, opera director and music teacher († 1976 )
- September 3 : Franz Felbringer , Austrian politician († 1971 )
- September 4 : Esther de Cáceres , Uruguayan poet († 1971 )
- September 6 : William Ross Ashby , British psychiatrist and pioneer in cybernetics († 1972 )
- September 7 : Margaret Landon , American writer († 1993 )
- September 7 : Shimaki Kensaku , Japanese writer († 1945 )
- September 8th : Hans Aub , German business lawyer and politician († 1983 )
- September 8 : Max Kramer , German aerospace engineer († 1986 )
- September 9 : Josef Gregor , German folk song teacher († 1987 )
- September 10 : Hans Ruchti , German economist († 1988 )
- September 10 : Georges de Rham , Swiss mathematician († 1990 )
- September 11 : Theodor W. Adorno , German sociologist, musicologist and composer († 1969 )
- September 11th : Jean Aurenche , French screenwriter († 1992 )
- September 11 : Karl Joseph Leiprecht , Bishop of the Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart († 1981 )
- September 11th : Yamanoguchi Baku , Japanese poet († 1963 )
- September 12 : Hans Fronius , Austrian painter and illustrator († 1988 )
- September 13 : Heribert Aichinger , Austrian actor († 1985 )
- September 13 : Jochen Joachim Bartsch , German director, film editor and screenwriter († 1965 )
- September 13 : Claudette Colbert , French-American actress († 1996 )
- September 13 : Rudolf Graber , Bishop of Regensburg († 1992 )
- September 15 : Roy Acuff , country singer and music publisher († 1992 )
- September 15 : Israel Kristal , Polish-Israeli Holocaust survivor († 2017 )
- September 16 : Irving Asher , American film producer († 1985 )
- September 16 : Gwen Bristow , American journalist and writer († 1980 )
- September 17 : Frank O'Connor , Irish writer († 1966 )
- September 17 : George Koltanowski , Belgian-American chess player († 2000 )
- September 18 : Helmut Petersen , German politician († 1982 )
- September 18 : Otto Zirnbauer , German sculptor and restorer († 1970 )
- September 19 : Herbert Trantow , German composer and conductor († 1993 )
- September 20 : Joseph Breitbach , German writer, journalist († 1980 )
- September 21 : Preston Tucker , American car designer and manufacturer († 1956 )
- September 24th : Frida Hockauf , weaver in the "VEB Mechanische Weberei Zittau" († 1974 )
- September 24 : Georg Buch , German politician († 1995 )
- September 24th : Manfred Schubert , German administrative lawyer († 2007 )
- September 25 : Benno von Wiese , German Germanist († 1987 )
- September 25 : Mark Rothko , Russian-American painter († 1970 )
- September 26 : René Hall , American jazz and R&B guitarist († 1988 )
- September 26th : Frédérique Petrides , American conductor of Belgian origin († 1983 )
- September 27 : Otto Bennemann , German politician († 2003 )
- September 28 : Jorge Carrera Andrade , Ecuadorian poet, writer and diplomat († 1978 )
- September 28 : Hans Erich Kalischer , German business economist († 1966 )
- September 28 : Albert Vigoleis Thelen , German writer and translator († 1989 )
- September 29 : Ernst Flessa , professor and poet († 1976 )
- September 29 : John Heysham Gibbon , American surgeon († 1973 )
- September 29 : Günter Schmölders , German economist († 1991 )
- September 30th : Otto Ley , German motorcycle racer († 1977 )
October
- October 1 : George Coulouris , British actor († 1989 )
- October 1 : Pierre Veyron , French racing driver († 1970 )
- October 1 : Marcel Wittrisch , German tenor († 1955 )
- October 4 : Ernst Kaltenbrunner , lawyer, war criminal († 1946 )
- October 4 : John Atanasoff , American computer pioneer († 1995 )
- October 4th : Paulus Rusch , Bishop of the Diocese of Innsbruck († 1986 )
- October 5 : Marion King Hubbert , American geologist and geophysicist († 1989 )
- October 6 : Ernest Walton , Irish physicist († 1995 )
- October 7 : Herbert List , German photographer († 1975 )
- October 8 : René Guillou , French composer († 1958 )
- October 8 : Ferenc Nagy , Hungarian Prime Minister († 1979 )
- October 9 : Elsa Arnold , German resistance fighter († 1986 )
- October 10 : Charles of Belgium , Prince Regent of Belgium († 1983 )
- October 10 : Lee Blair , American jazz guitarist and banjo player († 1966 )
- October 10 : Christo Radewski , Bulgarian poet, children's book author and translator († 1996 )
- October 11 : Georg Draheim , Professor of Economics († 1972 )
- October 11 : Hans Söhnker , German actor († 1981 )
- October 12 : Serge Brignoni , painter, sculptor and collector († 2002 )
- October 12 : Dutch Holland , American baseball player († 1967 )
- October 12 : Walter Jurmann , Austrian composer († 1971 )
- October 15 : George Amy , American film editor († 1986 )
- October 15 : Svend Johannsen , Danish minority politician in Schleswig-Holstein († 1978 )
- October 16 : Leo Brewster , American lawyer († 1979 )
- October 16 : Big Joe Williams , American blues guitarist, singer and songwriter († 1982 )
- October 17 : Julio Perceval , Argentine composer, organist and music teacher († 1963 )
- October 17 : Nathanael West , American writer († 1940 )
- October 18 : Lina Radke , German athlete († 1983 )
- October 18 : Hermann Schwerdtfeger , German publisher and journalist († 1988 )
- October 19 : Otto Furrer , Swiss winter sports enthusiast, co-founder of the winter sports resort Zermatt († 1951 )
- October 19 : Tor Johnson , Swedish catcher and actor († 1971 )
- October 19 : Vittorio Giannini , American composer († 1966 )
- October 22 : Curly Howard , American comedian († 1952 )
- October 22 : George Wells Beadle , American biologist († 1989 )
- October 23 : Werner Klingler , German actor, director and screenwriter († 1972 )
- October 27 : Karl Gall , Austrian motorcycle racer († 1939 )
- October 28 : Evelyn Waugh , British writer († 1966 )
- October 29 : Yvonne Georgi , German ballet dancer and choreographer († 1975 )
- October 29 : Erwin Linder , German actor († 1968 )
- October 29 : Arturo Tabera , Archbishop of Pamplona and Cardinal († 1975 )
- October 31 : Eric Ball , English composer and conductor († 1989 )
- October 31 : Joan Robinson , British economist († 1983 )
- October 31 : Wolfgang Trillhaas , Full Professor of Practical Theology and Systematics († 1995 )
November
- November 1 : Don Robey , American songwriter and music producer († 1975 )
- November 1 : Jean Tardieu , French poet and playwright († 1995 )
- November 3 : Karel Bodlák , Czech literary critic, poet and teacher († 1989 )
- November 3 : Archangelus Löslein , Capuchin Father († 1982 )
- November 3 : Joseph Pütz , German politician († 1982 )
- November 3 : Walker Evans , American documentary photographer († 1975 )
- November 4 : Awerki Borissowitsch Aristow , Soviet politician and diplomat († 1973 )
- November 4 : Julius von Lautz , Saarland State Minister († 1980 )
- November 4 : Watchman Nee , Chinese preacher († 1972 )
- November 5 : Ernst Albert Altenkirch , SED functionary and member of the Central Party Control Commission († 1980 )
- November 6 : Kon Hidemi , Japanese writer († 1984 )
- November 6 : June Marlowe , American actress († 1984 )
- November 7th : Ary Barroso , Brazilian composer and singer († 1964 )
- November 7 : Robert Cottrell-Hill , British officer († 1965 )
- November 7th : Konrad Lorenz , biologist, behavioral scientist and Nobel Prize winner († 1989 )
- November 7th : Jesús María Sanromá , Puerto Rican pianist and music teacher († 1984 )
- November 8 : Luigi Allemandi , Italian football player († 1978 )
- November 9 : Carlo Hemmerling , Swiss composer, pianist and organist († 1967 )
- November 9 : Léon-Etienne Duval , Archbishop of Algiers and Cardinal († 1996 )
- November 10 : Rudolf Batz , Chief of Task Force 2 in the Baltic States († 1961 )
- November 11 : Egon Vietta , German travel writer, essayist, playwright and critic († 1959 )
- November 15 : Jinzai Kiyoshi , writer († 1957 )
- November 16 : Barbara McLean , American film editor, Oscar winner († 1996 )
- November 17 : Willem Gerardus Anderiesen , Dutch football player († 1944 )
- November 17 : Nicolaas Diederichs , South African politician and President († 1978 )
- November 18 : Roland Rupert Anderson , American production designer († 1989 )
- November 20 : Hugo Barth , German decathlete and hurdler († 1976 )
- November 21 : Plácido António Cunha de Abreu , Portuguese aerobatic pilot († 1934 )
- November 21 : Karl Pouva , founder of Karl Pouva KG in Freital († 1989 )
- November 21 : Martin Göhring , German Professor of History († 1968 )
- November 23 : Alexander Georgievich Ivchenko , Soviet aircraft engine designer († 1968 )
- November 23 : Juan Jover , Spanish racing car driver († 1960 )
- November 26th : Milan Dubrović , Austrian journalist, editor-in-chief, publisher and diplomat († 1994 )
- November 26 : Alice Herz-Sommer , Czech-Israeli pianist and music teacher († 2014 )
- November 26th : Sebastián Piana , Argentine tango composer, pianist and music teacher († 1994 )
- November 27 : Carlo Baschieri , Italian motorcycle racer († unknown)
- November 27 : John McNally , American football player († 1985 )
- November 27 : Lars Onsager , chemist and physicist († 1976 )
- November 28 : Wolfgang Pohle , German business lawyer, industrialist and politician († 1971 )
- November 29 : Franco Autori , American conductor († 1990 )
- November 30th : Claude Arrieu , French composer († 1990 )
December
- December 3 : Eva Countess Finck von Finckenstein , German politician († 1994 )
- December 4 : Reginald Laubin , American writer and artist († 2000 )
- December 4th : Aaron Siskind , American photographer († 1991 )
- December 4th : Cornell Woolrich , American crime novelist († 1968 )
- December 5th : María Luisa Escobar , Venezuelan composer, pianist and singer († 1985 )
- December 5 : Cecil Powell , English nuclear physicist († 1969 )
- December 5 : Johannes Heesters , Dutch-Austrian actor and singer († 2011 )
- December 6 : Mykola Kolessa , Ukrainian composer, conductor and teacher († 2006 )
- December 7th : Brian Lewis, 2nd Baron Essendon , British nobleman and racing car driver († 1978 )
- December 7th : Takiguchi Shūzō , Japanese poet, art critic and painter († 1979 )
- December 7th : Tisa von der Schulenburg , German artist and religious sister († 2001 )
- December 9 : Werner Abegg , Swiss textile industrialist, collector of textiles and founder of the Abegg Foundation († 1984 )
- December 9 : Zofia Adamska , Polish cellist and music teacher († 1988 )
- December 9th : Adolf Maislinger , concentration camp inmate in Dachau concentration camp († 1985 )
- December 9 : Elisabeth Charlotte Gloeden , resistance fighter against National Socialism († 1944 )
- December 9 : Konrad Friedrich Bauer , German typographer and teacher († 1970 )
- December 10 : Dulce María Loynaz , Cuban poet († 1997 )
- December 10 : Johannes Even , German politician († 1964 )
- December 10 : Luis Humberto Salgado , Ecuadorian composer († 1977 )
- December 10 : Sylvère Caffot , French composer († 1993 )
- December 10 : Mary Norton , British children's author († 1992 )
- December 10 : Winthrop Sargeant , American music critic († 1986 )
- December 11th : Hans Bauer , German skier († 1992 )
- December 12th : Ozu Yasujirō , Japanese film director and screenwriter († 1963 )
- December 16 : Guy Lapchin , French racing car driver († 1991 )
- December 17 : Erskine Caldwell , American writer († 1987 )
- December 19 : Cyril Dean Darlington , English botanist and geneticist († 1981 )
- December 19 : George Davis Snell , American physician, Nobel Laureate in Medicine († 1996 )
- December 20 : Georges Antenen , Swiss cyclist († 1979 )
- December 22nd : Rosette Anday , Hungarian mezzo-soprano († 1977 )
- December 22 : Haldan Keffer Hartline , American physiologist († 1983 )
- December 23 : Bolesław Kominek , Archbishop of Wrocław and Cardinal († 1974 )
- December 24th : Joseph Cornell , American sculptor, painter and experimental filmmaker († 1972 )
- December 24 : Ulrich Scheuner , constitutional lawyer († 1981 )
- December 26 : Richard Dennis Oliver Austin , British conductor († 1989)
- December 26 : Robert Vandivier , American basketball player († 1983 )
- December 27 : Hans Ekstrand , German politician († 1969 )
- December 27 : Hermann Volk , Bishop of Mainz († 1988 )
- December 28 : Mikhail Kalatosow , Georgian-Russian film director († 1973 )
- December 28 : John von Neumann , Hungarian chemist, mathematician and physicist († 1957 )
- December 29 : Ernst Kusserow , German general († 1968 )
- December 29th : Erhard Mauersberger , organist, music teacher and choir conductor († 1982 )
- December 31 : Hans Erhard Bock , German sports physician († 2004 )
- December 31 : Fumiko Hayashi , Japanese writer († 1951 )
Exact date of birth unknown
- Leslie Walter Allam Ahrendt , English botanist († 1969 )
- Tomoichirō Akiba , Japanese medic († 1983 )
- Alberto Ancilotto , Italian short film director († 1971 )
- Wilhelm Friedrich Arntz , German lawyer, writer, publisher and editor († 1985 )
- Paul Arzens , French designer († 1990 )
- Sabri al-Asali , Syrian politician († 1976 )
- José Martí Llorca , Argentine violinist and composer († 1997 )
- Audrey Sale-Barker , British ski racer and pilot († 1994 )
- Fritz Steuri , Swiss ski racer and mountain guide († 1955 )
Died
January to April
- January 3 : Alois Hitler , father of Adolf Hitler (* 1837 )
- January 5 : Roswell Farnham , American politician (* 1827 )
- January 5 : Práxedes Mateo Sagasta , seven-time Spanish Prime Minister (* 1825 )
- January 9 : Carl Gustav Adolf Siegfried , German Protestant theologian (* 1830 )
- January 30th : Ernst Mey , entrepreneur in Paris and Leipzig (* 1844 )
- January 30th : Albrecht Rudolf Rüetschi , Swiss Protestant clergyman and university professor (* 1820 )
- February 1 : Rudolph von Delbrück , German politician (* 1817 )
- February 1 : George Gabriel Stokes , Irish physicist and mathematician (* 1819 )
- February 5 : Henry L. Dawes , American politician (* 1816 )
- February 5 : Joseph Fugger von Glött , German officer and colonial official (* 1869 )
- February 5 : Alberto Giovannini , Italian composer and music teacher (* 1842 )
- February 7th : James Glaisher , English meteorologist and aeronaut (* 1809 )
- February 22nd : Hugo Wolf , Austrian composer (* 1860 )
- February 23 : Friedrich Grützmacher , German composer and cellist (* 1832 )
- March 13 : Alexander Ferdinand Ludwig Andrae , German farmer and politician (* 1821 )
- March 15 : Gustav Radde , German geographer and naturalist (* 1831 )
- March 21 : Charles Labelle , Canadian composer, choir director, conductor and music teacher (* 1849 )
- March 22nd : August Schreiber , German pastor and missionary (* 1839 )
- March 23 : Albin Ackermann , German publisher and bookseller (* 1826 )
- March 23 : Karl Holub , Bohemian weapons technician (* 1830 )
- March 25 : Hector Archibald MacDonald , British general (* 1853 )
- March 28 : Émile Baudot , French engineer and inventor (* 1845 )
- April 4th : Margaret Ann Neve , first woman proven to be 110 years old (* 1792 )
- April 13 : Moritz Lazarus , German philosopher (* 1824 )
- April 19 : Oliver Mowat , Canadian politician (* 1820 )
- April 23 : Karl Ackermann , German teacher and naturalist (* 1841 )
- April 26 : Malwida von Meysenbug , German writer (* 1816 )
- April 28 : Josiah Willard Gibbs , American physicist (* 1839 )
- April 29 : Ferenc Szárnovszky , Hungarian sculptor and medalist (* 1863 )
May to August
- May 1 : Luigi Arditi , Italian violinist and composer (* 1822 )
- May 7 : Émile Durand , French composer and music teacher (* 1830 )
- May 8 : Paul Gauguin , French painter (* 1848 )
- May 12 : Karl Oppel , German writer (* 1816 )
- May 24th : Marcel Renault , French automobile designer and racing driver (* 1872 )
- May 25 : Max O'Rell , French author and journalist (* 1847 )
- May 27 : Johannes Maria Assmann , German priest (* 1833 )
- June 10 : Luigi Cremona , Italian mathematician and politician (* 1830 )
- June 10 : Joshua G. Newbold , American politician (* 1830 )
- June 11 : Alexander I , King of Serbia (* 1876 )
- June 11 : Gijsbert Hendrik Lamers , Dutch Reformed theologian (* 1834 )
- June 12 : Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm André , German lawyer and politician (* 1827 )
- June 13 : Adolf Achenbach , Prussian civil servant and mining captain (* 1825 )
- June 14 : Carl Gegenbaur , German researcher (* 1826 )
- June 19 : Herbert Vaughan , British Cardinal (* 1832 )
- June 23 : Ludwig Franzius , Bremen building director (* 1832 )
- July 2 : Ed Delahanty , American baseball player (* 1867 )
- July 7th : August von Hergenhahn , German lawyer, district administrator and police chief (* 1830 )
- July 8 : Sigismund von Zedlitz and Neukirch , German hunting cynologist and hunting writer ( Hegewald ) (* 1838 )
- July 17 : James McNeill Whistler , American painter (* 1834 )
- July 20 : Leo XIII. , Pope (* 1810 )
- July 20 : Samuel Mayes Arnell , American politician (* 1833 )
- July 21 : Henri Alexis Brialmont , Belgian general and military writer (* 1821 )
- July 25 : Prosper Mathieu Henry , French optician and astronomer (* 1849 )
- August 1 : Calamity Jane , American western heroine (* 1852 )
- August 4 : Barthold Jacob Lintelo de Geer van Jutphaas , Dutch legal scholar, historian, politician and orientalist (* 1816 )
- August 7th : Hermann Ampach , German manor owner and politician (* 1829 )
- August 9 : Onno Klopp , publicist and historian (* 1822 )
- August 11 : Eugenio María de Hostos , Puerto Rican writer and educator (* 1839 )
- August 24 : Eugen Askenasy , German biologist (* 1845 )
September to December
- September 3 : Franz Deym von Střítež , Austrian diplomat (* 1838 )
- September 4 : Hermann Zumpe , German conductor (* 1850 )
- September 7th : Eracle Arion , Romanian general (* 1838 )
- September 13 : Carl Schuch , Austrian painter (* 1846 )
- September 15 : James K. Kelly , American politician (* 1819 )
- September 17 : Friedrich Kaulbach , German painter (* 1822 )
- September 18 : Alexander Bain , Scottish philosopher and educator (* 1818 )
- September 18 : Theodor Kirchner , German composer, conductor, organist and pianist (* 1823 )
- September 18 : Jean Fernand-Lafargue , French writer (* 1856 )
- September 21 : Achille Bizzoni , Italian journalist, translator and writer (* 1841 )
- September 23 : Charles B. Farwell , American politician (* 1823 )
- September 29 : Marie Geistinger , Austrian actress and singer (* 1836 )
- October 4 : Hermann Cremer , German Protestant theologian (dogmatist) (* 1834 )
- October 4 : Otto Weininger , Austrian philosopher (* 1880 )
- October 6 : Wilson S. Bissell , American politician (* 1847 )
- October 6 : Franz Misteli , Swiss classical philologist and linguist (* 1841 )
- October 28 : Peter Turney , American politician (* 1827 )
- October 30 : Ozaki Kōyō , Japanese writer (* 1868 )
- November 1 : Theodor Mommsen , German historian (* 1817 )
- November 5 : Heinrich Brück , Bishop of Mainz (* 1831 )
- November 9th : Montagu Corry, 1st Baron Rowton , British politician and philanthropist (* 1838 )
- November 13 : Camille Pissarro , French painter (* 1830 )
- November 13 : Wilhelm von Polenz , German writer (* 1861 )
- November 16 : Camillo Sitte , Austrian architect and town planner (* 1843 )
- November 16 : Elisabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt , Princess of Hesse and the Rhine (* 1895 )
- November 19 : Wilhelm Hein , Austrian orientalist (* 1861 )
- November 20 : Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat , French racing car driver (* 1867 )
- November 20 : Francis M. Drake , American politician (* 1830 )
- November 24th : Johann Baptist von Anzer , German missionary and bishop (* 1851 )
- November 25 : Sabino Arana Goiri , Spanish-Basque author and politician (* 1865 )
- November 26 : Madatya Karakaschian , Armenian linguist, teacher, publicist and mechitarist (* 1818 )
- November 28 : Jules Levy , British-American composer and cornetist (* 1838 )
- December 2 : Otto von und zu Aufseß , German politician (* 1825 )
- December 3 : Albrecht von Arnim , Prussian nobleman and politician (* 1841 )
- December 5 : Robert Beyschlag , German genre painter (* 1838 )
- December 7th : Arthur Milchhoefer , German archaeologist (* 1852 )
- December 8th : Gavriil Musicescu , Romanian composer (* 1847 )
- December 8th : Herbert Spencer , English philosopher and sociologist (* 1820 )
- December 9th : Adolph von Hansemann , German banker (* 1826 )
- December 9 : Camille du Locle , French librettist (* 1832 )
- December 13 : Alexander McDonald , American politician (* 1832 )
- December 16 : Aunt Hanna , German people's missionary (* 1825 )
- December 16 : Paul d'Ivry , French composer (* 1829 )
- December 16 : Ochiai Naobumi , Japanese poet and literary scholar (* 1861 )
- December 18 : Oskar von Arnim-Kröchlendorff , German politician (* 1813 )
- December 20 : Kornél Ábrányi , Hungarian pianist, writer, music theorist, composer and musician (* 1822 )
- December 23 : Middleton Barrow , American politician (* 1839 )
- December 23 : Sophus Ruge , German geographer (* 1831 )
- December 28 : George Robert Gissing , British writer (* 1857 )
- December 31 : Georg von Liebig , German physician and climatologist (* 1827 )
Exact date of death unknown
- Edmond Dédé , American composer and violinist (* 1823 )
- Girolamo de Rada , Albanian-Italian writer (* 1814 )
Web links
Commons : 1903 - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : 1903 - album containing pictures, videos and audio files
- http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/1903/ (Living virtual museum online)