Ludwig Franzius

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Ludwig Franzius
Franzius bust in the Focke Museum
Memorial plaque in Wittmund

Ludwig Franzius (born March 1, 1832 in Wittmund , East Friesland , † June 23, 1903 in Bremen ) was a German hydraulic engineer who, as Bremen's senior construction director, planned the so-called Weser correction and brought it to a successful end. It is thanks to him that the ports of Bremen have developed into a world port. With his brother Georg Franzius , who was ten years his junior , he prepared reports on the eastern mouth of the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal and on the regulation of the Lower Danube .

biography

family

Franzius grandfather was the hydraulic engineering director and domain councilor Johann Nikolaus (Jan Niclas) Franzius (1761-1825) from Aurich. His parents were Carl Egbert Franzius (1798-1884) - chief bailiff in Wittmund, later in Fürstenau - and his wife Charlotte Friederica Bütemeister , a daughter of the bailiff of Diepholz Hans Ernst Bütemeister . His brother Georg Franzius also became an engineer and hydraulic engineer . One of his uncle, Enno Ludwig Franzius, was mayor in Norden.

He married Caroline Elisabeth Marie Uslar (1835–1902), a daughter of the Harburg businessman Georg Heinrich Wilhelm Uslar. The couple had four sons and two daughters, including Franz Franzius, the family's third hydraulic engineer.

His nephew Otto Franzius (1877–1936) was a hydraulic engineer, state building officer and professor at the TH Hannover .

education and profession

Franzius attended the Ulricianum grammar school in Aurich . He studied from 1848 to 1853 at the Polytechnic School , today Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hanover . He then entered the Prussian civil service and worked from 1853 to 1867 in various locations in northwest Germany; in the hydraulic engineering administration from the Elbe and in the construction of a chamber lock . In 1864 he became a hydraulic engineering inspector in Osnabrück . In 1865 he was acting consultant for hydraulic engineering at the Landdrostei (administrative district) of the province of Hanover . In 1867 he was appointed professor of hydraulic engineering at the Berlin Building Academy. In addition, frequent trips - u. a. to Paris , Egypt (Suez Canal), Vienna , England and Scotland - his circle of experience.

Senior Building Director in Bremen

Personal insults in Berlin prompted him on April 1, 1875 in Bremen to take the position of senior construction director, as the highest construction official in Bremen. He began with the main planning tasks for the realization of the Weser correction . In 1878 he became a member of the commission for the Weser Correction and in 1881 he submitted a plan that provided for a deepening of the Weser for ships with a draft of up to 5 meters. The experiences from a flood of the Weser in 1880/1881 also influenced the preparations for the structural project. From 1883 to 1886 the first measures were taken with the piercing of the long bay . In addition, he received the order to build the city's free port . The first harbor basin was laid out on the Stephanikirchweide from 1885 to 1888. The actual work on the Weser correction began in 1887 and was completed in the first construction phase by 1895.

Franzius now designed a number of plans for several port extensions, locks, bridges and canals. His technical achievements became known far beyond Bremen and brought him worldwide reputation and many honors. He appeared as a reviewer in various countries. He also became chairman of the architects and engineers association in Bremen.

Franzius also coordinated the planning and construction of the Municipal Museum for Natural, Ethnic and Commercial Studies , now the Überseemuseum , which was inaugurated in 1896, in collaboration with his planners, the architects Ludwig Beermann and Heinrich Flügel from the Building Inspectorate and the museum director Hugo Schauinsland .

Franzius was buried in the Riensberg cemetery in Bremen in 1903 (grave location: AA 49).

After his death, he was succeeded by his former assistants and collaborators Hermann Bücking until 1915 and Eduard Suling until around 1922 as senior construction director and thus senior construction officer for Bremen .

Honors

Ludwig-Franzius-Monument by Georg Roemer in Bremen
  • In 1900, Adolf Brütt created the marble portrait medallion shown in the Focke Museum (Bremen State Museum) for the former Neue Börse for the 25th anniversary of its service .
  • An undated bronze bust by Hans Laubner (1884–1968), probably made after 1950, is also on display there.
  • In 1903 he received the Bremen Medal of Honor in gold .
  • In 1905 Fritz Schumacher was commissioned with a monument in honor of Franzius; the facility at the Great Weser Bridge was inaugurated in 1908. The bronze bust of Georg Roemer displayed there was a victim of metal donations in 1942. The stone complex had to give way to the new building by Kühne and Nagel in 1959 .
  • In 1962, a cast of the bronze bust was placed on a sandstone plinth at Franziuseck , not far from the Wilhelm Kaisen Bridge .
For both monuments see the main article Franzius bust (Bremen)
  • The replica of a sailing ship from the 19th century, the Weserkahn Franzius , also bears his name.
  • From 1964 to 1988 the suction dredger Ludwig Franzius worked for the water and shipping administration on the Weser (from 1989 to 2003 as Abu Adil in the Persian Gulf ). A 1:50 scale model can be found in the Unterweser Shipping Museum.
  • At Franziuseck in Bremen between the Weser and Kleiner Weser stood his house, which was destroyed in the war.
  • 2009 in Bremen Overseas City on Europahafen the Ludwig-Franzius square named after him.
  • The Franziusstraße in Bremen- Schwachhausen and in Bremerhaven at the international port was named after him.
  • In Wittmund, where he was born , a street has been named after him.
  • The Franzius Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Coastal Engineering at the University of Hanover had long been named after his nephew Otto Franzius , who held the chair from 1913 to 1936, but was named after Ludwig Franzius in 2016.
  • In 1957, the Franziusweg in Hanover-Nordstadt was named after the founder of the research institute for hydraulic engineering, Otto Franzius. Due to the NS past of the namesake, at the request of the local residents, the street name was reinterpreted by the city district council to Ludwig Franzius and this was made clear by a legend table.

Works

literature

  • Wilhelm Rothert : General Hanover Biography Volume 1: Hanoverian men and women since 1866 , Sponholtz, Hanover 1912, pp. 121–125
  • Walter Sbrzesny:  Franzius, Ludwig. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , p. 377 ( digitized version ).
  • Herbert Black Forest : The Great Bremen Lexicon . 2nd, updated, revised and expanded edition. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2003, ISBN 3-86108-693-X .
  • Sympher: Senior Building Director Ludwig Franzius † ; in Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung, Volume 23, No. 51 (June 27, 1903), pp. 318–319.
  • G. de Thierry: Ludwig Franzius. Senior Building Director of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen 1875 to 1903. In: Fixed number of the journal of the Association of German Engineers for the 55th Annual General Meeting. Bremen 1914, pp. 1–5
  • G. de Thierry: Ludwig Franzius . Berlin, VDI-Verlag, GmbH, 1928. (Deutsches Museum. Treatises and reports)
  • Georg Franzius, family tree of the East Frisian Franzius families , 1904

Web links

Commons : Ludwig Franzius  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Weserkorrektion  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Anneliese Kunstreich: Ludwig Franzius . In: Biographical Lexicon for East Frisia. Accessed March 15, 2012.
  2. ↑ Ludwig Franzius: From my life . A. Guthe, Buchdruckerei., Bremen 1896.
  3. ^ Walter Sbrzesny:  Franzius, Ludwig. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , p. 377 ( digitized version ). Retrieved February 16, 2016.
  4. ↑ Brochure cemeteries in Bremen: Riensberg . 2nd Edition. Stadtgrün Bremen (Ed.), Bremen 2005
  5. ^ Memorial to Ludwig Franzius, 1908 , accessed on February 16, 2016.
  6. ↑ Kreiszeitung Wesermarsch from January 13, 2010: Suction excavator returns as a model .
  7. ^ Communication from the University of Hanover
  8. ↑ Helmut Zimmermann : Franziusweg , in ders .: The street names of the state capital Hanover. Hahnsche Buchhandlung Verlag, Hannover 1992, ISBN 3-7752-6120-6 , p. 81
  9. ↑ nrs: Franziusweg: Name is reinterpreted . In: Stadt-Anzeiger Nord , supplement to the Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung and the Neue Presse from February 1, 2018.
personal data
SURNAME Franzius, Ludwig
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German hydraulic engineer and construction director for the Weser correction
DATE OF BIRTH March 1, 1832
PLACE OF BIRTH Wittmund ( East Frisia )
DATE OF DEATH June 23, 1903
Place of death Bremen