Hugo Schauinsland

Hugo Hermann Schauinsland (born May 30, 1857 in Waldienen, Dedawe , Labiau district , East Prussia ; † June 5, 1937 in Bremen ) was a German zoologist and founding director of the Bremen Überseemuseum .

Life

Schauinsland was the son of a manor owner in East Prussia. He graduated from high school in Königsberg by 1878 and studied natural sciences , especially zoology , at the University of Geneva and at the University of Königsberg . From 1882 he was employed as an assistant at the Zoological Museum in Königsberg . He received his doctorate in 1883. rer. nat. He worked in Naples and Munich and completed his habilitation in 1885 at the University of Munich .

In Bremen in 1887 he became director of the municipal collections for natural history and ethnography , which were then housed in the cathedral building. These collections had become the property of the City of Bremen from the exhibits of the Natural Science Association , a foundation of the Museum Society , and collections of an anthropological commission .

At the Northwest German Trade and Industry Exhibition in 1890 in the Bürgerpark , the collections in the Trade and Colonial Exhibition department were shown with great success, and even during the exhibition, commercial circles and the Sparkasse advocated building a museum of their own. After planning by the director Schauinsland, senior building director Franzius and building inspector wing, the shell was finished in 1893, and on January 15, 1896, the Senators Carl Barkhausen and Hermann Gröning and the director Schauinsland opened the Municipal Museum for Natural, Ethnic and Commercial Studies , today the Überseemuseum , opened.

In 1892 Schauinsland was accepted into the Leopoldina . In 1896 the Bremen Senate awarded him the title of professor . His great merit was the design of display groups and panoramas ; Natural and cultural sciences stood side by side on an equal footing. He created a show museum that combined science and education . He enriched and designed the collections through major collecting trips (1896/97, 1905/06, 1907/08, 1913/14 and 1926) to the South Seas , East Asia and Egypt .

Schauinsland remained in office until he retired and was forced into retirement in 1933 under unworthy circumstances. The National Socialists believed that he was not ready to take into account the demands of the “new era”. His successor in office was Carl Friedrich Roewer .

The Hugo-Schauinsland-Platz in Bremen-Mitte at the Überseemuseum was named after him in 2000.

Animal species named after him:

• Hawaiian monk seal ( Neomonachus schauinslandi )
• Red-spotted sand perch ( Parapercis schauinslandii )

Fonts

• Contribution to the knowledge of the embryonic development of the trematodes. In: Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft . Vol. 16 / NF, Vol. 9 (1883), pp. 465-527 (dissertation, University of Königsberg, 1883; digitized version ).
• The embryonic development of the bothriocephalic. In: Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft . Vol. 19 / NF, Vol. 12 (1886), pp. 520-572 (habilitation thesis, University of Munich, 1885; digitized version ).
• Three months on a coral island (Laysan). After a lecture given at the Geographical Association in Bremen. Nössler, Bremen 1899.
• A visit to Molokai, the island of the leper. Nössler, Bremen 1900 (separate print from: Treatises of the Natural Science Association in Bremen. Volume 16, Issue 3, 1900, pp. 513–543, PDF on ZOBODAT ).
• Contributions to the development history and anatomy of vertebrates (= Zoologica. Vol. 16, H. 39). Erwin Nägele, Stuttgart 1903 ( digitized version ).
• Darwin and his teaching: Along with critical remarks (= treatises of the Natural Science Association in Bremen. Volume 19, supplement). Leuwer, Bremen 1909.
• Questions and riddles: biological-philosophical discussions on the world view question. Lecture given in the Bremen Scientific Society on November 28, 1930 (= Bremen Scientific Society: Treatises and Lectures. Vol. 5, No. 2). Winter, Bremen 1931.
• On the move overseas. From travel diaries and documents of the former director of the Bremen Übersee-Museum. Ed .: Übersee-Museum Bremen. Editing, commenting, accompanying texts and photo selection: Anne E. Dünzelmann . With contributions by Viola König and Andreas Lüderwaldt . Hauschild, Bremen 1999, ISBN 3-931785-33-5 .

literature

• Festschrift for the 70th birthday May 30, 1927 and 40th anniversary of the service May 31, 1927 of Professor Dr. HH Schauinsland, Director of the City Museum for Natural, Ethnic and Commercial Studies in Bremen. Heilig & Bartels, Bremen 1927.
• Herbert Abel: Hugo Schauinsland. Life and work of a museum director . In: Günter Schulz (Red.): Symbola Hans Jessen Oblata, Würzburg: Holzner 1967 (supplements to the yearbook of the Silesian Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Breslau; 7), pp. 1-20.
• Bremen biography, 1912-1962. Arranged by Wilhelm Lührs . Hauschild, Bremen 1969.
• Herbert Black Forest : The Great Bremen Lexicon . 2nd, updated, revised and expanded edition. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2003, ISBN 3-86108-693-X .
• Ilka Backmeister-Collacott, Ulrich Burkhardt, Eva Determann: Schauinsland! Views from overseas. Hugo Schauinsland on his 150th birthday . Rasch, Bramsche 2007, ISBN 978-3-89946-087-2 (catalog book for the exhibition of the same name in the Übersee-Museum Bremen).
• Schauinsland, Hugo (Hermann). In: German Biographical Encyclopedia . 2nd edition. Vol. 8 (2007), p. 777 ( digitized version ).

Web links

• Literature by and about Hugo Schauinsland in the catalog of the German National Library
• Overseas Museum - History