Hans Venatier

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Hans Venatier (born February 15, 1903 in Breslau ; † January 19, 1959 in Düsseldorf ) was a German teacher and Nazi literary writer.

Life

Until 1945

According to his own statements, Venatier took part in the Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch as a student in 1920 . In 1921 he began his studies at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Breslau , in the course of which he decided to become a teacher and took the subjects of German, history, Latin, art history and Protestant religion. During his studies he joined the Freikorps , which campaigned for the protection of Silesia , and apparently the so-called Black Reichswehr . After graduating, he worked for half a year at the Gerhart-Hauptmann-Oberrealschule and then from April 1929 at the high school in Sankt Maria-Magdalena. Dismissed in the course of the so-called dismantling decree of September 30, 1931, Venatier was only able to exercise his full teaching activity again in 1933 after the " seizure of power " by the National Socialists - at the Friedrichs-Gymnasium in Breslau.

From 1932 he held an office within the Kampfbund für deutsche Kultur (KfdK) ; in the same year (May 1, 1932) he became a member of the NSDAP . In 1934 he and his wife left the church. Not least his function within the National Socialist Teachers' Association (NSLB) - he was the so-called district administrator for the Breslau city area until 1935 - spoke for Venatier's reliability in the sense of the Nazi ideology . His appointment as scheduled lecturer for German history and methodology of history teaching in October 1935 clearly shows that he was promised an upbringing that conformed to ideology. Venatier and his family had moved from Breslau to Herischdorf (Hirschberg district) for this position at the Hirschberg University of Applied Sciences . Here he took part in the activities of the SA and took part in reserve officer exercises of the Wehrmacht .

As lieutenant d. Res . and company commander Venatier was involved in the campaign against France in May 1940. He was honored with the Iron Cross II. Class and the Infantry Assault Badge . In the following winter he was deployed as a trainer in the state rifle battalion in Jägerndorf / Sudetenland, before he went back to teaching in Hirschfeld. In March 1942 he took part in the Russian campaign as a first lieutenant . After Venatier's early return due to health problems, he was released from work on March 13, 1943 by the Propaganda Ministry . From September 1943 he was training and district head of the NSDAP in Breslau.

As a member of the National Socialist People's Welfare (NSV) , it was his task in the last months of the war to evacuate the civilian population from Wroclaw, which was enclosed by Soviet troops. His family fled to Rhanwalting. On May 31, 1945, Venatier was arrested and interned by American troops.

Journalistic and writing activity

From 1932 Venatier wrote articles for the National Socialist Schlesische Tageszeitung , the cultural-political Nazi magazine Volk im Werden and later u. a. for German public education , The Silesian Educator LXV , National Socialist Education and Past and Present . He wrote for the journal of the Reichsfachschaft 4 of the NSLB Die Volksschule from 1935. According to Denis Schimmelpfennig, his “Zeitbriefe” printed here (from 1937) “are most clearly evidence of Venatier's ethnic-racist sentiments and can be viewed as classic political Nazi campaigns . ”In 1935 he was accepted under the pseudonym“ Avenrieth ”into the main“ Scientific and Specialized Writer ”department of the Reich Association of German Writers (RDS) . In the same year, the volume of poetry Menschen, Erde, Sterne was published, in which “Venatier processed central ethnic ideologues such as people, faith, God and blood in lyrical form for the first time”.

In 1940 he received Vogt Bartold for his debut novel, published the year before . The great train to the east , the theme of which is the German settlement of Silesia , the Volkspreis for Poetry / Wilhelm Raabe Prize. Carola L. Gottzmann and Petra Hörner call the novel "a program of National Socialist ideologems". With the thematized colonization of the East, the novel was extremely well suited to “popularize and justify the policy of conquest of the empire in literary terms .” In 1942, Vogt Bartold appeared in Dutch: Baljuw Bartold: de groote trek naar het Oosten . The translator was the Dutch, National Socialist historian and SS functionary Johannes Theunisz. The work was published by the Dutch Nazi publisher Hamer, which mainly did propaganda for the SS . The novel had a total of seventeen editions by 1944. Based on the title of the book, the construction of a line of defense in the greater Breslau area in August 1944 is given the code name Barthold Company .

In 1941 Venatier published his second volume of poetry with the title Symfonie um Gott. Epic poems , which like the first one did not have much success. According to Denis Schimmelpfennig, the lyrical texts should "make war and life in general understandable for the people as part of a certain divine order."

He took part in the "Days of German Poets" in Weimar, which took place in 1941 and 1942.

After 1945

In 1945 his writings were confiscated by the military government. During his three-year internship , he continued to write. In the course of the judicial chamber proceedings initiated against Venatier , the public plaintiff demanded in December 1947 that the poet be assigned to Group I (main culprits). Venatier's lawyer Dr. Theophil Woschek obtained his client's release from prison on April 26, 1948 by giving the Spruchkammer u. a. announced that the accused “behaved correctly and by no means participated in the National Socialist methods of tyranny, especially in the cultural field”. The proceedings, which were forwarded to the home court of the Cham district , ended with the meeting on June 8, 1948, in which Venatier was finally classified in Group IV (fellow travelers) and fined 50 RM . In the grounds of the judgment it is said that Venatier fell victim to the “National Socialist propaganda” in 1932. The numerous so-called Persilscheine submitted to the judging chamber also contributed to this decision.

In 1950 he became a grammar school teacher in Betzdorf / Sieg, a year later he was a teacher at the state grammar school in Betzdorf for the subjects German, history, political community studies, Protestant religion and Latin. 1951 is the year in which many victims of the Nazi regime were reinstated as civil servants due to the final denazification law .

Venatier was still active as a writer and achieved success especially in right-wing extremist circles. In The Major and the Bulls (1953) he deals in a coarse folk tone of how Bavarian villagers “pull themselves together” with the American occupation soldiers, but a former Nazi functionary is increasingly clever. The “ German Soldier Newspaper ” on the film based on it: “Film according to our hearts”.

In Der Boß und seine Narren (1956), a satire on the federal republican government and bureaucracy, he spreads well-known stereotypes :

"... how should one engage Negro soldiers for the occupying power when it became known to them that the German women, after whom their tongues were sticking out, and because of whom they only dared the crossing after the white women of the Oceanians had been forbidden to them How are you supposed to get the Negro soldiers across the ocean if the German women remained loyal to their husbands. "

The Major and the Bulls was published by the Klosterhaus Verlag Lippoldsberg, owned by Hans Grimm , and by Universitas and the Donauland book club . Vogt Bartold was also reissued at Klosterhaus Verlag Lippoldsberg . In 1955 Venatier took part in the Pürgger Dichterwochen 1955, where he met other Nazi authors such as Hans Grimm again. 

His suicide in 1959 was preceded by a minor political scandal. Venatier was appointed to the Ministry of Culture (under the then CDU government) because he had written an article “Is that Neofascism?” (1958), in which he declared “leadership” and democracy compatible, for the right-wing extremist magazine Nation Europa . The reaction of his employer did not meet his expectations, Venatier killed himself. For the extreme right this is still a “martyr's death”. A first series of letters to the editor in Spiegel on the occasion of his short message on Venatier's death consists exclusively of letters to the editor that support the thesis of a martyr's death; in later letters to the editor this is denied and his poor health is made responsible.

Venatier's “martyr's death” was still represented by the editorial team of Nation Europa in 2000 or can still be found today on right-wing extremist websites. In addition to Nation Europa , he was active for magazines of the displaced spectrum such as Der Schlesier .

The estate was looked after by his wife Annelise Venatier and is now in the German Literature Archive in Marbach . Annelise Venatier was awarded the Silesian Youth Culture Prize by the Silesian Student Union in 1983.

Fonts

  • Reading sheets for secondary schools in the Third Reich (ed.), No year.
  • People - Earth - Stars , Seals, Breslau , Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn-Verlag , 1935
  • The fateful dichotomy in the essence of the Teutonic Order. A racial consideration. In: Past and Present 26, 1936, pp. 580-592; Journal, published by the Reichsfachschaft VI (history) in the Nazi teachers' association
  • Japanese suite , poetry
  • Polykrates , play
  • Saul , play
  • Fool of god . Historical novel about the Silesian religious struggles
  • Vogt Bartold. The Great Train to the East , Roman, 1939 (1942 also in Dutch)
  • Symphony about God - epiphany , Blackheads Leipzig, 1942
  • The major and the bulls , novel, FM Bourg Verlag, Düsseldorf, 1953
  • The boss and his fools . Not a novel. Dusseldorf. Dr. L. Muth Verlag 1956

Filmography

literature

  • Denis Schimmelpfennig: Hans Venatier - the national educator , in: Rolf Düsterberg (ed.): Poet for the "Third Reich" vol. 2. Aisthesis, Bielefeld 2011, ISBN 978-3-89528-855-5 , p. 231– 268.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans-Gerd Jaschke: Political Extremism . VS publishing house for social sciences
  2. ↑ Denis Schimmelpfennig: Hans Venatier - the national educator . In: Rolf Düsterberg (Ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Volume 2. Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology . Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2011, pp. 233-238.
  3. ↑ Denis Schimmelpfennig: Hans Venatier - the national educator . In: Rolf Düsterberg (Ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Volume 2. Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology . Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2011, pp. 237, 240, 244.
  4. ↑ Denis Schimmelpfennig: Hans Venatier - the national educator . In: Rolf Düsterberg (Ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Volume 2. Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology . Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2011, pp. 251-253.
  5. ↑ Heroes in the Locker . In: Der Spiegel . No. 50 , 1967, p. 50 ( online ).
  6. ↑ Denis Schimmelpfennig: Hans Venatier - the national educator . In: Rolf Düsterberg (Ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Volume 2. Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology . Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2011, p. 254.
  7. ↑ Denis Schimmelpfennig: Hans Venatier - the national educator . In: Rolf Düsterberg (Ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Volume 2. Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology . Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2011, p. 245.
  8. ↑ Denis Schimmelpfennig: Hans Venatier - the national educator . In: Rolf Düsterberg (Ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Volume 2. Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology . Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2011, p. 241.
  9. ↑ Denis Schimmelpfennig: Hans Venatier - the national educator . In: Rolf Düsterberg (Ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Volume 2. Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology . Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2011, pp. 238–241, 244f.
  10. ↑ Body in the car . In: Der Spiegel . No. 4 , 1957 ( online ).
  11. ↑ Carola L. Gottzmann, Petra Hörner (1998): Promise and Despair in the East: The Settlement History of… Google Books
  12. ↑ a b Denis Schimmelpfennig: Hans Venatier - the national educator . In: Rolf Düsterberg (Ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Volume 2. Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology . Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2011, p. 250.
  13. ↑ Denis Schimmelpfennig: Hans Venatier - the national educator . In: Rolf Düsterberg (Ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Volume 2. Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology . Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2011, p. 252.
  14. ↑ naxos.bsz-bw.de
  15. ↑ a b http://www.betzdorf-sieg.de/freiherr/Chronik51.htm ( Memento from October 21, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  16. ↑ Th. Woschek to the Spruchkammer Regensburg of October 13, 1947. StAAm, SprKa. Quoted in Schimmelpfennig (2011), p. 256f.
  17. ↑ spell of 8 June 1948. StAAm, SprKa. Quoted in Schimmelpfennig (2011), p. 257.
  18. ↑ Denis Schimmelpfennig: Hans Venatier - the national educator . In: Rolf Düsterberg (Ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Volume 2. Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology . Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2011, pp. 254–257.
  19. ↑ a b Denis Schimmelpfennig: Hans Venatier - the national educator . In: Rolf Düsterberg (Ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Volume 2. Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology . Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2011, p. 258.
  20. ↑ Body in the car . In: Der Spiegel . No. 4 , 1957, pp. 46 ( online ).
  21. ↑ ejournal.thing.at ( Memento of the original from May 23, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / ejournal.thing.at
  22. ↑ The press online
  23. ↑ Der Spiegel 13/1959, p. 4f. according to nadir.org
  24. ^ Nation & Europe. German monthly books, Coburg, issue 6/2000, p. 67
  25. ^ Website of the National Forum Passau
  26. ↑ a b Marbach literature archive
  27. ↑ a b Small question in the German Bundestag: The “Studentenbund Schlesien” (SBS), the “Hochschulgruppe Pommern” and right-wing extremism on May 10, 1995.
  28. ↑ nfhdata.de  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.nfhdata.de  
personal data
SURNAME Venatier, Hans
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German writer
DATE OF BIRTH February 15, 1903
PLACE OF BIRTH Wroclaw
DATE OF DEATH January 19, 1959
Place of death Dusseldorf