Fred Oelßner

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fred Oelßner (left) 1951

Fred Oelßner (born February 27, 1903 in Leipzig , † November 7, 1977 in East Berlin ) was a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee (ZK) of the SED and an economist.

Life

Born in 1903 as the son of the later KPD functionary Alfred Oelßner , Fred Oelßner completed an apprenticeship as a merchant and miller at the Beuditz mill from 1917 to 1919 after attending secondary school in Weißenfels . After being released from his apprenticeship because of his political activities (membership in the Socialist Workers' Youth and the Free Socialist Youth ), he was an office clerk in the cooperative service in Halle until 1921 . At the same time he was district leader of the Socialist Proletarian Youth and the Communist Youth Association of Germany in Halle / Merseburg . In 1919 he joined the USPD and in 1920 the KPD .

In 1921 he took part in the March fights in Central Germany and was then an employee of the Central Committee of the KPD. From autumn 1921 to January 1922 he was a volunteer at the Hamburgische Volkszeitung , 1922–1923 editor at the Schlesische Arbeiterzeitung in Breslau , then editor in Chemnitz and Stuttgart . At the end of 1923 he was arrested and sentenced to one year in prison by the Reich Court in Leipzig in 1924 for “preparing for high treason ”. After his release from prison he worked as an editor in Remscheid and Aachen .

In 1926 Oelßner was delegated to Moscow , where he was a student until 1928 and an aspirant of the International Lenin School in 1929 . Afterwards he worked in the economic faculty of the institute of the " Red Professorship ". In 1932 he returned to Germany and worked in the agitprop department at the KPD Central Committee and lecturer at the Reichsparteischule of the KPD "Rosa Luxemburg" in Schöneiche-Fichtenau near Berlin.

In 1933 Oelßner emigrated to France , where he was Walter Ulbricht's personal secretary . In 1934 he led party training courses in Amsterdam , Zurich and Prague and returned to the USSR in 1935 . There he was a lecturer at the International Lenin School and the Communist University of the National Minorities of the West . In 1936 he was dismissed for alleged ideological deviations and lived on translations and writing. From 1938 to 1941 he worked as the head of the planning department at the Bop paper mill in Moscow. In 1940 he became a Soviet citizen. From 1941 to 1944 he was editor, later editor-in-chief of the German editorial staff of Moscow Radio , then teacher at the KPD party school No. 12 in Moscow. During this time he worked in the commission for the preparation of the post-war program of the KPD.

In 1945 he returned to Germany with Anton Ackermann's KPD group . From 1946 to 1949 he was the head of the party training, culture and education department of the KPD / SED. From 1947 he was a member of the party executive or central committee of the SED, from 1949 a member of the People's Chamber , from 1950 a member of the Politburo of the SED Central Committee and from 1955 deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers and chairman of the Commission for Consumer Goods Production and Supply of the Population at the Presidium of the Council of Ministers.

From 1950 to 1955 Oelßner was secretary for propaganda of the Central Committee, until 1956 he worked as editor-in-chief of the SED magazine Einheit and then as professor of economics at the Institute for Social Sciences at the Central Committee of the SED. He constituted the district operations command in Halle to suppress the popular uprising on June 17, 1953 . The political bureau member Fred Oelßner coordinated the activities of the SED district leadership, the district council , the people's police , the district administration for state security , the barracked people's police and the Soviet army units in the Halle district . on May 6, 1955, Oelßner was awarded the Patriotic Order of Merit in gold.

Until 1958, Oelßner was the SED's chief ideologist. In 1958, in connection with the affair involving Karl Schirdewan and Ernst Wollweber, he was relieved of all offices and party functions. In 1959, he practiced public self-criticism because of " opportunism and political blindness." From 1958 to 1969 he was director of the Institute for Economics of the German Academy of Sciences . In 1968 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the Humboldt University in Berlin .

tomb

His urn was buried in the memorial of the socialists in the central cemetery Friedrichsfelde in Berlin-Lichtenberg .

Honors

Oelßner received the National Prize in 1949 , the Patriotic Order of Merit in 1955 and 1965 and the Karl Marx Order in 1973 . Since 1953 he was a member of the German Academy of Sciences .

The workers and farmers faculty in Jena was named after Fred Oelßner. The soda factory in Staßfurt was called VEB Sodawerk "Fred Oelßner" in Staßfurt from 1952 to 1965 .

Fonts

  • Contemporary Marxism and its critics , Berlin 1948
  • The Economic Crises Volume 1, Berlin 1949
  • Rosa Luxemburg . A critical biographical sketch , Berlin 1951
  • The significance of the work of Comrade Stalin on Marxism and the question of linguistics for the development of science. Berlin 1951
  • Problems of crisis research , Berlin 1959
  • A contribution to the monopoly theory , Berlin 1960
  • Labor theory of value as the scientific basis of Marx's political economy , Berlin 1967

literature

Web links

Commons : Fred Oelßner  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hagen Schwärze u. Peter Erler: Oelßner, Fred (Larew) * February 27, 1903, † November 7, 1977 economist, member of the Politburo . In: "Who was who in the GDR?" . Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin & Federal Foundation for Coming to terms with the SED dictatorship, Berlin. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
  2. ↑ Hans-Peter Löhn; Goatee, stomach and glasses - are not the will of the people! The popular uprising on June 17, 1953 in Halle an der Saale ; Edition Temmen; Bremen 2003; ISBN 3-86108-373-6
  3. ^ "Fred Oelßner" soda factory. In: Neues Deutschland , August 14, 1952, p. 2
personal data
SURNAME Oelßner, Fred
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Oelssner, Fred
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (USPD, KPD, SED), MdV, member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the SED
DATE OF BIRTH February 27, 1903
PLACE OF BIRTH Leipzig
DATE OF DEATH November 7th 1977
Place of death East Berlin