Johannes Harder

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Johannes Harder (born January 28, 1903 in Neuhoffnung-Alexandertal in the Samara Governorate ; † March 7, 1987 in Schlüchtern ) was a German-Russian writer, religious socialist , social scientist and university professor .

Life

Harder was born the son of a blacksmith on the Volga in the south of the European part of Russia. His parents were Volga Germans and Russian Mennonites . The grandparents had emigrated as Mennonites from the Vistula to the Volga region in 1878 . During the First World War the family lived in Orenburg in exile (so-called civil imprisonment) and emigrated to Königsberg in 1918 . Harder studied economics, Slavic studies, philosophy and literature there. After completing his studies, he joined the Bruderhöfe around Eberhard Arnold and lived on the Bruderhöfe in the Rhön and near Graefenhainichen from 1925 to 1928 . In 1928 Harder moved to his parents' villa in Salzbergstrasse 6b in Wernigerode in the Harz Mountains, where he founded a small publishing house that published religious-social and religious-philosophical literature by Russian emigrants. He later moved to Hamburg with the Hans-Harder-Verlag as editor and proofreader , where his first novel In Wologdas white forests was published in 1934 under the pseudonym Alexander Schwarz .

In 1933 he joined the Confessing Church and worked there from 1937 to 1941 in the travel service. During this time he temporarily resigned from the Mennonite congregation, as some congregations openly sympathized with National Socialism.

In 1946 all his writings were banned in the Soviet-occupied part of Berlin and all existing copies were removed. In the same year he was appointed professor of social sciences at the Pädagogische Akademie Wuppertal , where he worked until he retired in 1968. Then Harder worked as a preacher or elder in the Mennonite congregation in Frankfurt am Main . In the 1960s, Harder actively supported the still young peace movement and took part in the first Easter marches . In the year of his death he held lectures on the history of the Mennonites at the University of Frankfurt and theological lectures in Basel.

Services

An anecdote about the Greek philosopher Diogenes fits very well at the beginning of a description of the work of Johannes Harder: Diogenes walks through the market in Athens in broad daylight with a lantern in hand. It shines here and there in your face, shakes your head, keeps walking until someone asks you what he is doing with his lantern in broad daylight. "I am looking for," says Diogenes, "a person."

Diogenes is looking for a person (Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein)

This anecdote, which Harder himself liked to refer to in speeches, can be understood as a motto for his life. Diogenes is often described as the first person to call himself a citizen of the world , rather than a citizen of a city or state. This applies to the cosmopolitan Johannes Harder in several ways. He was not only a citizen of the world in this sense, but also a political thinker rather than a member of a political group or party; a religious person, rather than a member of just one denomination or church. Diogenes staged his life as a perpetual public nuisance. Harder did not shy away from this either. For him, party arguments or loyalty to the line in the sense of church leadership were not acceptable categories that could have prevented him from interdenominational cooperation; he was and saw himself as a cosmopolitan. Immediately after the war, he was placed on the list of writers in eastern Berlin whose works are to be permanently removed. In the Federal Republic of Germany he was active against rearming and was one of the first Easter marchers. He took part in numerous demonstrations and took part even in old age. B. on the sit-in in front of the missile camp in Mutlangen . His work as a sociology professor found its expression u. a. in the Wuppertal model of pedagogy for offenders and delinquency prophylaxis . Harder also edited and published Christoph Blumhardt's estate . The Jung-Stilling studies belong to his later work .

Works

Novels and short stories

  • In Wologdas white forests, Altona / Elbe 1934 (under the pseudonym: Alexander Schwarz);
  • The village on the Volga. A German Life in Russia, Stuttgart Steinkopf 1937
  • How Lukas Holl was looking for his home. A Volga-German Boy Story, Berlin 1938;
  • The Hunger Brothers, Heilbronn 1938;
  • The four sufferings of Adam Kling, Heimatdienstverl. [Buchh. d. Berliner ev. Missionsges.], 1942;
  • The German doctor from Moscow. The life novel of Dr. Friedrich Joseph Haas, Stuttgart, Steinkopf, 1940;
  • Klim - A Russian Peasant Life, Berlin 1940;
  • Timm - A Christmas Story, Bielefeld 1947;
  • Willusch is looking for his father u. a. Stories, Claudius Verlag Munich 1956;
  • Acts of the Apostles in Poland - A story, in: On the way to Dir (house book), Gelnhausen-Berlin-Dahlem 1958, 246-59;
  • The night of liberation (story), Halle: Mitteldeutscher Verlag, 1958;
  • Apostle trip to Laskovo - story, Wuppertal: Kiefel, 1959;
  • The emigration of Christian Schroth. A history of the Volga, in: Yearbook of the Mennonites in South America 1961, Curitiba / Brazil 1960, 47–58;
  • The night at Jacotiner See, Bielefeld: Ludwig Bechauf Verlag, 1960;
  • No strangers in exile: a novel, Winnipeg, Hyperion Press 1979
  • And heaven laughs too. Cheers from theologians and theolinks. Freiburg, Herder Verlag, 1982.
  • Johannes Harder; Bruno Horst Bull; Ulrich Hommes ; Johannes B. Lotz; Ursula von Mangoldt; Karl Heinz Pfeiffer; Helmut Thielicke: More joy! of Smiling Saints and Merry Christians, Special Edition, Herder, 1984 .;
  • Wisdom of the Russian people, collected, translated and edited by Johannes Harder, Herder, Freiburg (Breisgau), 1985

Texts on literature (including translations), social science, pedagogy

  • Marzinkovsky, Vladimir. Christ among the Russian Youth. Essays and speeches. Collected and translated into German by Johannes Harder. Karlsruhe i. B. Hans Harder Verlag, 1928
  • Nikolai Lesskov - The animal (story), From d. Russ, trans. v. Johannes Harder, Bielefeld: Bechauf, 1948
  • Nikolai Lesskov - The Bear Keeper (story), From d. Soot. trans. by Johannes Harder, Bielefeld: Bechauf, 1951
  • Poetry as a service. On the interpretation of Russian novel poetry, in: Kraft u. Intensity (Festschrift Hans Ehrenberg), Heidelberg 1953, 64–72;
  • On the question of social education, in: Die deutsche Schule-Zeitschr. for educational science and Design of School Reality, No. 3, Volume 48, 1956, 107-13;
  • Between atheism and religion. An interpretation by Dostojewski, Wuppertal-Barmen Jugenddienst Verl., 1956;
  • Nicolai Lesskow - Strange Stories, transl. By Johannes Harder, Bielefeld: Bechauf, 1957
  • Critic of the church. FM Dostojewskij, in: Critique of the Church, ed. v. H.-J. Schultz, Stuttgart-Olten-Freiburg 1958, 279-83;
  • Fight for man. An interpretation by Nikolai Leskov, Jugenddienst-Verl. Wuppertal-Barmen 1959. (The conversation; 22) 1959;
  • Between nihilism and the like Succession. An interpretation of Tolstoy, Wuppertal-Barmen: Jugenddienst-Verl. 1960
  • Man in the Russian novel. Interpretations: Gogol, Dostojewski, Leskov, Tolstoi, Wuppertal-Barmen: Jugenddienst-Verlag 1961;
  • Vladimir Solovjov: Judaism and the Christian question. 1884, translated by Johannes Harder. Wuppertal-Barmen, Jugenddienst-Verlag 1961.
  • Education as utopia. On the upbringing problem with Lev Tolstój, in: Evang. Child care, Witten (Ruhr) 1963, 234-39;
  • Preface to: Puschkin, Alexander S .: Letters. Selected and into Dt. transfer by Fega Frisch. Düsseldorf: Rauch 1961.
  • Rudolf Bohrenmut; Oskar Hammelsbeck, Johannes Harder, courage to the world, Wuppertal-Barmen: Jugenddienst-Verl. 1962
  • Protests. Voices of Russian revolutionaries from two centuries, Wuppertal: Jugenddienst Verl., 1963
  • Russian women. Stories from old and new Russia, edited and transcribed by J. Harder, Eugen Diederichs Verlag Düsseldorf-Cologne 1964
  • Russian nihilism - idea a. Experiment, in: Freiheit u. Responsibility in school and University (Festschrift Oskar Hammelsbeck), ed. v. I. Heuser u. H. Horn, Wuppertal-Ratingen 1969, 124-131;
  • The German in Russian literature, in: Heimatbuch der Deutschen aus Rußland 1973–1981, Stuttgart 1981, 117-25;
  • Johannes Harder; Erich Mertens: Jung-Stilling-Studien, Siegen, JG Herder Library Siegerland, 1984

Texts on politics, theology and history

  • Mennonism in Russia. On the flight of Germans from the Soviet Union, in: New Paths, No. 3, 24th year, 1930, 141-46;
  • The Reformation in Ukraine, in: Wort u. Werk (after the rescue messenger), No. 10, 15th year, 1935, 141-46;
  • The Gospel in the Russian Persecution. Of dying and Resurrection of a church, Witten 1936;
  • The Siberian Gate. Four years of civil imprisonment in Orenburg (1914–1918), Stuttgart 1938;
  • What does Reformation mean? Gladbeck 1947;
  • Be of good cheer and work, Gladbeck 1947;
  • Christoph Blumhardt - a message to the present, Gladbeck 1947;
  • The Christian story, in: Der evang. Erzieher, 1. Jg., Aug./Sept. 1949, 29-34;
  • What does church mean ?, Gladbeck, 1949
  • The East as a question to the West. A reflection, Lemgo i. Lippe 1952;
  • 15 years after Kristallnacht: A posthumous word on the federal election of September 6, 1953. By Lothar Ahne, Johannes Harder, Hans Ehrenberg, in: JK 15,1954, 47f
  • Strength and intimacy. Hans Ehrenberg presented as a gift of friendship at the age of 70. Compiled and ed. by Johannes Harder. Heidelberg: Lambert Schneider, 1953
  • Bernhard Harder, in: Mennonitisches Jahrbuch, 69th year, 1954, 3–6;
  • Non-violence as christ. Testimony, in: Voice of the community on church life, politics, economics, etc. Kultur, No. 3, 7th vol., 1955, 49-54;
  • Christoph Blumhardt (1842–1919), in: Evang. Social reformer d. 19th century, Stuttgart 1956, 67-76;
  • Mennonism as a parish u. social appearance, in: Der Mennonit, No. 6, 11th year, 1958, 69–71;
  • Human u. Mitmensch, in: Deutsche Universitätszeitung, No. 11/12, 14th year, 1959, 661-69;
  • The unity of the Bible and the variety of denominations, in: Der Mennonit, No. 7, 13th year, 1960, 84–86;
  • Peace as a way of life, In: Der Weg des Friedens, Usingen / Taunus: Dt. Mennonite Peace Committee, 1960;
  • BH Unruh - Theologian and Statesman, in: Mennonite Life, 15th year, Jan. 1960, 3;
  • Brief history of the orthodox church, Munich, Chr. Kaiser Verlag 1961;
  • The power of the powerless - Protestantism between Rome a. Moscow, lecture on d. 2. Palatinate. Kirchentag on September 2, 1962, Hamburg-Bergstedt: Reich 1963;
  • Peace as Diakonie an der Welt, in: Der Mennonit, No. 12, 19th year, 1966, 180ff;
  • Nikolaj Alexandrowitsch Berdjajew, in: Trends in theology in the 20th century - A story in portraits, ed. v. H.-J. Schultz, Stuttgart-Berlin-Freiburg 1966, 137ff;
  • Caritas u. Solidarity, in: What do you do when you love someone? Edited by R. Dirx, Wuppertal 1967, 64-68;
  • Festschrift to celebrate the 800th anniversary of the municipality of Hohenzell, ed. v. JH, Schlüchtern-Hohenzell 1967;
  • The group egoism has been terminated - Overcoming d. Gruppeegoismus im Mennonitentum, in: Der Mennonit, Nr. 12, 20 Jg., 1967, 170-71;
  • Christl. Existence today between church u. Welt, in: Dienst für Kirche u. School (Festschrift Edgar Boué), ed. v. A. Bach, Dortmund 1968, 65-69;
  • Heilsame Unrest, in: Der Mennonit, No. 4, 21st year, 1968, 51–52;
  • Plea for the conversation or thoughts about the misery of our services, in: To the service tomorrow. A work book, ed. v. HG Schmidt, Wuppertal 1969, 34-42;
  • Christoph Blumhardt - sketch of a message, in: In the service for school, church u. State (commemorative Arthur Bach), ed. v. H. Horn et al. I. Röbbelen, Heidelberg 1970, 104-09;
  • Words of the Protestant pastor and member of the state parliament Christoph Blumhardt, ed. v. JH, Wuppertal 1972;
  • Johannes Harder, Gerrit Funke, Robert Labus: Statement of the Federation of Religious Socialists of Germany on the declaration of the Council of Ev. Church of Germany on Terrorism, Junge Kirche 11/77 38th volume, pp. 571–572
  • Against the current. Essays on Mennonite Existence Today, ed. v. H.-J. Goertz, Hamburg 1978;
  • Christoph Blumhardt - speeches, sermons, speeches, letters: 1865–1917, 3 vol., Ed. v. JH, Neukirchen-Vluyn 1978;
  • Johannes Harder, Robert Labus: On the Genesis of the Alternative Movement, Bochum 1978
  • Endless departure - stories of my life, foreword by Johannes Rau, edited by Gudrun Harder and Hermann Horn, Wuppertal-Zurich, Brockhaus 1992

literature

  • C. Krahn, Johannes Harder - A Mennonite Novelist, in: Mennonite Life, 8th year, April 1953, 78-79;
  • Gerhard Deimling , law and morality: thoughts z. Legal education [Johannes Harder z. 70th birthday on January 28, 1973], Neuwied, Berlin: Luchterhand 1972
  • Hermann Horn (ed.), Decision a. Solidarity (Festschrift for YH) - Contribution z. Theology, politics, literature, etc. Education (including by Wolfgang Abendroth), ed. v., Wuppertal: Hammer, 1973,
  • Ders., Recognition at Seventy: JH, in: Mennonite Life, Vol. 28, June 1973, 54;
  • D. Visser, Ketterij als Motor van de Kerkgeschiedenis - Interview with JH, in: Doopsgezinde Bijdragen, No. 8, 1982, 84-87;
  • A. Reimer, Johannes Harder: A Reflective Tribute to a Remarkable Mennonite, in: Journal of Mennonite Studies, 5th year, 1987, 167-71;
  • J. Wozniak, The Volga-German historical experience of the 'good old days' (1763–1914) in German prose from the interwar period, in: Zwischen Reform u. Revolution. The Germans on the Volga 1860-1917, ed. v. D. Dahlmann et al. R. Tuchtenhagen, Essen 1994, 356-71;
  • MennEnc V (1990) 362.
  • Daniel Heinz:  Johannes Harder. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 15, Bautz, Herzberg 1999, ISBN 3-88309-077-8 , Sp. 685-688.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ [1] . List of authors whose entire production is to be permanently removed, Berlin. Magistrate. Public Education Department 1946, accessed March 29, 2010
  2. ↑ [2] . Archives of the Mennonite Church USA, accessed March 29, 2010
  3. ↑ [3] . Herbert Huber website, accessed on March 29, 2010
  4. ↑ [4] . Together with E. Bloch , H.-M. Enzensberger , W. Jens , M. Niemöller u. a. Signed appeal for the Easter March 1966 from: action 7, p. 3, December 1965, accessed on March 29, 2010
  5. ↑ [5] . Interview in: Doopsgezinde Bijdragen nieuwe reeks number 8 (1982), ed. From: Doopsgezinde Historische Kring, accessed June 21, 2017
personal data
SURNAME Harder, Johannes
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Harder, Hans
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-Russian writer and social scientist
DATE OF BIRTH January 28, 1903
PLACE OF BIRTH Neuhoffnung-Alexandertal near Ulyanovsk / Volga
DATE OF DEATH March 7, 1987
Place of death Schluechtern