Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling

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Johann Heinrich Jung, called Jung-Stilling, 1801 at the age of 60. The watercolor by Marquard Wocher (1760–1830) is in the Kupferstichkabinett Basel .
Signature Jung-Stilling on August 30, 1790 (cropped) .jpg

Johann Heinrich Jung (called Jung-Stilling ) (born September 12, 1740 in Grund in Siegerland ; † April 2, 1817 in Karlsruhe ) was a German ophthalmologist, constitutional lawyer, economist and pietistic, mystical-spiritualistic writer.

Life

Birthplace of Jung-Stillings

His father was the village tailor Johann Helmann Jung (1716–1802), who is called "Wilhelm" in the life story, his mother Johanna Dorothea nee Fischer ("Dortchen", possibly also called Dorte ; * 1717) died on April 19, 1742 when Jung was 18 months old. Jung grew up in one of the extended families that were common at the time. This belonged to the lower middle class; In addition to the income of the father and grandfather, the family had their own house and a partially self-sufficient farm.

After attending the village school, Jung switched to Latin school, which he left at the age of 14. After his confirmation, Jung received the first schoolmaster position. So he was now regularly active as a teacher in villages in his home country from Thursday to Saturday. The rest of the week he worked in his father's tailoring shop.

After his father remarried, he left his home country at the age of 22. For seven years, Jung was the right-hand man of the factory owner and long-distance trader Peter Johannes Flender (referred to in the stories as "Mr. Spanier") in Kräwinklerbrücke in the Bergisches Land . Jung worked at Flender as a clerk as well as a teacher for the children of the patron and learned other languages ​​himself (French, Greek, Hebrew). After briefly studying medicine in Strasbourg from 1770 to 1772 , where he met Johann Wolfgang Goethe and Johann Gottfried Herder , he settled as a general practitioner in Elberfeld (now part of Wuppertal ). There he also began ophthalmological surgery; Jung-Stilling operated on around 3,000 patients until the end of his life.

Due to several technical and economic essays in the specialist literature, Jung received a professorship at the Kameral Hohe Schule in Lautern . He therefore gave up his work as a doctor and from 1778 taught in Lautern as a professor of agriculture , technology , factories and trade, as well as cattle medicine . When the Kameral High School was merged with the University of Heidelberg in 1784 , he moved again. After a few years in Heidelberg , Jung taught from 1787 to 1803 as a professor of economic sciences at the University of Marburg and was appointed advisor without a public office in 1803 by Karl Friedrich von Baden , later with the rank of Privy Councilor in clerical matters. In 1798 he founded the forestry school in Waldau together with the forester Friedrich Ludwig von Witzleben .

Work in Marburg

Jung-Stilling lived in the spacious half-timbered house at Hofstatt 11 in Marburg's Upper Town. After the death of his father-in-law, the theologian and philosopher Johann Franz Coing (1725–1792), Jung had moved from the previous apartment at the end of Barfüßerstrasse to the family estate of his third wife Elise (1756–1817) in the Hofstatt. Here he worked until his dismissal in 1803 and the change to Baden services. His novel “Heimweh” was written in Marburg in 1793/94.

Jung was the founder of the Political Science Institute in Marburg in 1789. He owed his appointment to the fact that the Leipzig professor Nathanael Gottfried Leske (1751–1786) , who was intended for the professorship, had an accident on the way to taking up service at Cölbe and died a little later in Marburg. As a professor of economics, camera and finance, Jung was appointed to Marburg in 1787, a "self-made man" who, building on experience and observations in the iron industry in his home country, had acquired extensive, autodidactic specialist knowledge. In teaching he represented areas such as political science, forest science, agriculture, technology, commercial and financial science as well as police science (administrative science) on the basis of compendia he wrote himself; Veterinary medicine was also part of his portfolio. His ophthalmological activity as a successful operator of cataract , who visited his patients ranging in Switzerland, he also continued in Marburg. As was customary at many universities well into the 19th century, Jung taught in an auditorium set up in his own home. "His lecture is natural, free, clear and lively.", Reported the pedagogue and "university tourer" Friedrich Gedike (1754-1803) to his client, the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm II. Jungs from 1798 onwards the missionary people's magazine "Der Graue Mann ”aroused the suspicion of the Kassel supervisory authorities and set in motion a preliminary censorship for university publications in Marburg.

Heinrich Jung-Stilling

From 1806 until his death he lived as a Grand Duchy of Baden Privy Councilor Johann Heinrich Jung, called Jung-Stilling in Karlsruhe by a board of electors . Why Jung added the name "Stilling" is not exactly known; In its time, “still” primarily meant “peaceful”. Other explanations indicate that he was called Jung-Stilling because of his belonging to the quiet in the country , the Pietists .

Jung achieved high fame through his friend Johann Wolfgang Goethe , who had the first volume of his memoirs published without Jung's knowledge: Heinrich Stillings Jugend. A true story , an autobiography encoded according to customary standards and an important precursor of the development novel .

The novels - the story of Herr von Morgenthau (1779), the story of Florentin von Fahlendorn (1781) and the life of Theodore von der Linden (1783) - show him as a representative of the “sensitive” educational novel . With the novel Das Heimweh (published in four volumes 1794–1796) Jung-Stillings began his religious late work, which is characterized by clearly represented pietistic positions. As one of the most influential representatives of late pietism, Jung-Stilling became a pioneer of the revival movement . In particular, through the periodicals Der graue Mann (1795-1816) and The Christian Philanthropist Biblical Stories (1808-1816) Jung-Stilling became the leading author of the revival movement and one of the most widely read religious writers.

Memberships

Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling was an active member of the Freemasons Association . His box was the Karl August to the three flaming hearts in Kaiserslautern . Around 1812 he was Max von Schenkendorf's personal guarantor when he was accepted. Nevertheless, the historian Gerhard Schwinge assumes that young Stilling is increasingly distancing itself from Freemasonry around 1787.

Family and relatives

Heinrich Jung-Stilling was married three times:

  1. 1771 in Radevormwald with Christine Catharine Heyder (1751–1781) from Ronsdorf, daughter of the factory owner Johann Peter Heyder (1723–1785) and Marie Magdalena Scharwächter (* 1725); the marriage had 3 children, including Johanna Magdalena Margaretha (1773–1826) and Jakob (1774–1846),
  2. 1782 in Kreuznach with Maria Salome and Susanne Maria von St. George ("Selma von St. Florentin") (1760–1790) from Wiesbaden, daughter of the öttingen-Wallerstein chamber director Johann Wilhelm von St. George and Catherine Sophie Thielen; the marriage resulted in 6 children, u. a. Elisabeth (“Lisette”) (1786–1802), Caroline (“Lenchen”) (1787–1821), Carl and Franz (1790-around 1791),
  3. 1790 in Marburg with Elisabeth (“Elise, Liesgen”) Coing (1756–1817), daughter of the theology professor Johann Franz Coing (1725–1792) from Siegen and Elisabeth Christina Lubecca Duising; the marriage had 4 children: Lubecka (1791–1794), Christian Ludwig Friedrich (1795–1853), Amalie (“Malchen”) Elisabeth Sophie (1796–18 January 1860), Christine (1799–1869).

Jung-Stilling was an ancestor of the publicist and television presenter Johannes Gross (1932–1999) and the composer Reinhard Schwarz-Schilling (1904–1985) and thus also great-great-great-grandfather of the politician and entrepreneur Christian Schwarz-Schilling .

Memorial and memories

Jung-Stilling-Haus in Hückeswagen-Hartkopsbever
Jung-Stilling monument with fountain in Hilchenbach

In Hückeswagen , in the village of Hartkopsbever, there is the so-called Jung-Stilling-Haus, where Jung-Stilling worked as a private tutor in 1762/63. There is another Jung-Stilling house in the student village of Marburg .

In Hilchenbach , grateful friends and patrons erected a memorial that shows his head in left-hand profile on a relief medallion. In the museums in Hilchenbach and in the Upper Castle in Siegen, young Stilling rooms were set up to commemorate his life's work. The seal of the local Ev.-ref. The parish still bears his motto "Blessed are those who are homesick, for they should come home."

In Hilchenbach there was also a Jung-Stilling-Gymnasium until 2008 and in the neighboring town of Kreuztal there is the Jung-Stilling Community Elementary School Kreuztal-Kredenbach . There is also a Jung-Stilling elementary school in the Dietzhölztal-Ewersbach community .

The Jung-Stilling-Institut was jointly founded in Espelkamp in 1962 by the Evangelical Church in Rhineland and the Westphalian Regional Church . With the aim of training more young theologians, the university entrance qualification could be obtained there on the second educational path . In 1964 the institute moved to a former boarding school. In the early 1970s, the number of visitors decreased, so that the churches separated from the institution, which was subsequently continued by the city of Minden as the Weser-Kolleg Minden .

There is the Jung Stilling Hospital in Siegen .

In Kaiserslautern , where he worked for a long time, a street is named after him. In Hilchenbach there is a Jung-Stilling-Allee, in Netphen a Jung-Stilling-Platz, in Dreis-Tiefenbach there was a Jung-Stilling-Linden tree for a long time; A dormitory in the Marburg student village bears the name of Jung-Stillings

There are other streets and paths that were named with the scholar's name in Ahlen , Betzdorf , Bochum , Burbach (Siegerland) , Dortmund , Düsseldorf , Freudenberg (Siegerland) , Hückeswagen , Karlsruhe , Kreuztal , Neunkirchen (Siegerland) , Radevormwald , Siegen , Wilnsdorf and Wuppertal .

Works

Complete editions and selected volumes

  • Features from the life of Johann Heinrich Jung, called Stilling. Ed .: Friedrich Wilhelm Bodemann , Bielefeld 1868 ( ULB Münster )
  • 1835 Johann Heinrich Jung's, called Stilling, all writings . 3 volumes. Stuttgart 1935.
    • Volume 1: " Life Story ". (Printed and published by Ms. Henne) ( digitized and full text in the German text archive )
    • Volume 2: " Scenes from the spirit realm ". (Printed and published by Ms. Henne)
    • Volume 3: " The Victory Story of the Christian Religion ". (J. Scheible's bookstore)
= Volume 1–3 of:
  • 1835–1838 Johann Heinrich Jung-Stillings all writings . 8 volumes, reprint. Olms, Hildesheim / New York 1979 (without the economic studies), ISBN 3-487-06811-7 (volume 1) to ISBN 3-487-06818-4 (volume 8)
  • Heinrich Jung-Stilling reading book. Compiled and with an afterword by Thomas Weitin , Nylands Kleine Westfälische Bibliothek Volume 29, Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2011, ISBN 978-3-89528-845-6 .

Individual works

  • 1772 Specimen de historia Martis Nassovico-Siegenensis […]. Medical dissertation Strasbourg. Edited and commented by Erich Mertens ( digitized version )
  • 1775 The sling of a shepherd boy
  • 1775 Favorable successes with Daviel's method of cataract extraction. Letter to City Surgeon Hellmann, whose judgment concerning the Lobenstein's star knives
  • 1776 The great panacea against the disease of religious doubt
  • 1776 The theodices of the shepherd boy
  • 1777 Heinrich Stilling's youth
  • 1778 Heinrich Stilling's youth
  • 1778 Heinrich Stilling's wanderings
  • 1779 The story of Herr von Morgenthau
  • 1779 attempt of a basic teaching of all camera sciences ( digitized and full text in the German text archive )
  • 1780 ff. From the Volkslehrer
  • 1783 attempt of a textbook of agriculture all over the world
  • 1784 attempt of a basic theory of all camera sciences
  • 1784 Theobald or Die Schwärmer ( online )
  • 1785 attempt of a textbook on factory science
  • 1785 attempt of a textbook of cattle medicine (2 parts)
  • 1786 Instructions for Cameral Billing Science
  • 1787 forestry textbook (2 parts)
  • 1788 Textbook of State Police Science
  • 1789 textbook of finance science
  • 1789 Heinrich Stilling's domestic life
  • 1790 Textbook of Cameral Science or Cameral Practice
  • 1791 Looks into the secrets of natural wisdom
  • 1791 Method of undressing and healing the gray catfish, Marburg
  • Young Stillings novel "Florentin and Raisin" in French. language
  • 1792 system of state economy
  • 1793 About the revolutionary spirit of our time
  • 1794–1796 Homesickness
  • 1795–1801 scenes from the spirit realm
  • 1798 Economic ideas. First issue
  • 1799 textbook of action science
  • 1799 The victory story of the Christian religion
  • 1804 Heinrich Stilling's apprenticeship years
  • 1808 Theory of the ghost customer
  • 1809 Apology of the theory of ghost science
  • 1816 Theorems of natural history for women
  • Reply to Sulzer commented text

See also

literature

  • Eduard Manger:  Jung-Stilling, Johann Heinrich J. called Stilling . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 14, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, p. 697.
  • Hans-Gerhard Winter, Markwart Michler :  Jung, Johann Heinrich Jung called Stilling. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-428-00191-5 , p. 665 ( digitized version ).
  • Max Geiger : Enlightenment and Awakening . 1963
  • Johannes Harder , E. Mertens: Jung-Stilling studies . Siegen 1984 (Schr. Of the JG Herder library Siegerland 15); 2., through and exp. 1987 edition
  • Gerhard Merk: Jung-Stilling-Lexikon Wirtschaft . 1987, ISBN 3-428-06172-1 .
  • Gerhard Merk: Jung-Stilling. An outline of his life . Verlag der Jung-Stilling-Gesellschaft, Siegen 1988, 4th improved edition 2015, ISBN 978-3-928984-41-6 .
  • Gerhard Merk: Jung-Stilling-Lexicon Religion . 1988, ISBN 3-925498-26-5 .
  • Otto Wilhelm Hahn: Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling . 1990. (biography)
  • Kurt Mantel , Josef Pacher : Johann Heinrich Jung, called Stilling. In: Biographies of important Hessian forest people . Georg Ludwig Hartig Foundation & JD Sauerländer, Wiesbaden / Frankfurt am Main 1990, ISBN 3-7939-0780-5 , pp. 369–372. (This contains Freybe's mistake.)
  • Jung-Stilling: doctor - camera operator - writer between enlightenment and awakening . An exhibition by the Badische Landesbibliothek Karlsruhe in cooperation with the City of Siegen, Siegerland Museum and in connection with the General State Archives Karlsruhe; Exhibition catalog. June 12 to August 15, 1990. Karlsruhe 1990, ISBN 3-88705-027-4 .
  • Rainer Vinke:  Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 3, Bautz, Herzberg 1992, ISBN 3-88309-035-2 , Sp. 843-867.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive  on 2007-06-29)
  • Gustav Adolf Benrath (Ed.): Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling: Life story . 3. Edition. Darmstadt 1992, ISBN 3-534-07476-9 .
  • Gerhard Schwinge : Jung-Stilling as a writer of edification for the awakening. 1994.
  • Reidmar Egidi: Jung-Stilling-Lexikon Forsten . 1997, ISBN 3-928984-17-9 .
  • Gerhard Schwinge, Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling: Letters . 2002.
  • Jacques Fabry, Cosmology and Pneumatology with Jung-Stilling. The “theosophical attempt” and the “glimpses into the secrets of natural wisdom” , Jung-Stilling-Gesellschaft, Siegen 2006.
  • Martin Völkel: Jung-Stilling: A homesickness must have a home. Approaches to Life and Work 1740–1817 . Bautz, Nordhausen 2008, ISBN 978-3-88309-453-3 .
  • Stella Ghervas: Réinventer la tradition. Alexandre Stourdza et l'Europe de la Sainte-Alliance. Honoré Champion, Paris 2008, ISBN 978-2-7453-1669-1 .
  • Nicole Vogel: Light in Marburg's alleys. From the life of Jung-Stilling . Historical novel. Francke, Marburg an der Lahn 2008, ISBN 978-3-86827-024-2 .
  • Werner Raupp: Jung-Stilling, Johann Heinrich (1740-1817), in: The Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers. Edited by Heiner F. Klemme and Manfred Kuehn, Vol. 2, London / New York 2010, pp. 601–605.
  • Richard Fester: "The University Tourer" Friedrich Gedike and his report to Friedrich Wilhelm II. [1789]. I. Supplementary booklet of the Archives for Cultural History. Published by Georg Steinhausen. Berlin. 1905, p. 40.

Web links

Commons : Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ "Scrolled back ...", Siegener Zeitung of April 30, 2011.
  2. ^ Jung-Stilling, Johann Heinrich: Staatswirthschaftliche Ideen. First issue. Marburg, Neue Akad. Buchhandlung 1798, p. 7 ff.
  3. ↑ Johann Heinrich Jung, called Jung-Stilling (1740-1817). ( Memento of the original from October 23, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Short biography on augenarzt-hueber.de. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.augenarzt-hueber.de
  4. ↑ Streets, buildings and facilities in Marburg named after Freemasons. Website of the Johannis Masonic Lodge Zu den drey Löwen, Marburg. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
  5. ↑ Eugen Lennhoff, Oskar Posner, Dieter A. Binder: Internationales Freemaurerlexikon. Revised and expanded new edition of the 1932 edition, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-7766-2161-3 .
  6. ^ Gerhard Schwinge: Affinity and Aversion. Jung-Stilling-Gesellschaft, 1998, p. 53.
  7. ↑ Married to Pastor Friedrich Heinrich Christian Schwarz (1766–1837) from Gießen since 1792 , 1804 professor of education and theology in Heidelberg; to him cf. Gerhard Schwinge: "friendly and serious". Friedrich Heinrich Christian Schwarz (Archive and Museum of the University of Heidelberg 11), Heidelberg a. a .: Verlag Regionalkultur 2007; Friedrich von Weech:  Black, Friedrich Heinrich Christian . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 33, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1891, p. 235.
  8. ↑ 1803 real judicial advisor to Karl Friedrich von Baden (1728–1811) in Mannheim, 1816 court judge in Rastatt, high court judge in Mannheim, president of the " Evangelical Missions Association in the Grand Duchy of Baden ", married to his step-aunt Amalie Coing (* 1774) since 1801; see. Max Geiger: Enlightenment and Awakening. Contributions to research by Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling and the theology of awakening (Basel Studies on Historical and Systematic Theology 1), Zurich: EVZ-Verlag 1963, pp. 79f.
  9. ↑ Lived as a child with Church Councilor Johann Friedrich Mieg (1744–1819), pastor in Heidelberg, leading member of the Order of Illuminati ; to him cf. Wilhelm Kreutz:  Mieg, Johann Friedrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 17, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-428-00198-2 , p. 469 ( digitized version) .f
  10. ^ Pedagogue , since 1816 head of the "von Graimbergschen Töchterinstitut" first in Karlsruhe, then in Mannheim; Heinrich Jung-Stillings "soul daughter".
  11. ↑ 1817 Russian State Councilor in Saint Petersburg , 1827 Russian hereditary nobility, 1835 Chief Postmaster of Livonia in Riga .
  12. ^ Scrolled back ... , in Siegener Zeitung of February 4, 2012, p. 45.
  13. ^ Educator, 1816 to 1834 educator of the princesses Luise (1811-1854), Josephine (1813-1900) and Marie Amalie (1817-1888), daughters of Grand Duchess Stephanie von Baden (1789-1860), since 1834 head of the "von Graimbergschen Daughter institutes ”in Mannheim; see. [anonymous]: Amalie Jung and the Grand Ducal Fräulein Institute in Mannheim. A life and character picture , Weimar: Böhlau 1873; Nekrolog [anonymous]: Amalie Jung . In: Extraordinary supplement to No. 42 of the Allgemeine Zeitung of February 11, 1860, pp. 689-691 (online resource, accessed on January 24, 2012).
  14. ↑ Probably the author of [anonymous]: From the papers of a daughter of Jung-Stilling , Barmen: W. Langewiesche 1860; since 1820 married to law firm Eberhard Friedrich Heddaeus († 1858) from Rastatt.
  15. ↑ Johannes Gross in the Munzinger archive ( beginning of article freely accessible)
  16. ^ German biography: Schwarz-Schilling, Reinhard - German biography. Accessed August 31, 2018 .
  17. ↑ The Wupperweg. From Börlinghausen to Leverkusen. Wupperverband, 2014, p. 16
  18. ↑ From the Bever to the Wupper… a historical search for traces. On http://www.hueckeswagen.de/ , p. 2
  19. ↑ Homepage of the evangelical-reformed parish Hilchenbach. Retrieved on January 28, 2019 (the seal with the motto: "Blessed are those who are homesick, because they should come home").
  20. ↑ Back then in Espelkamp - 50 years ago. (PDF) In: Espelkamper Nachrichten . March 2012, p. 15 , archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; accessed on March 11, 2015 .
  21. ↑ The history of the Weser-Kolleg Minden in key words on weser-kolleg.de (accessed on March 11, 2015)
  22. ^ Diakonie Klinikum Jung-Stilling. Retrieved January 28, 2019 .
  23. ↑ Jung-Stilling-Linde in Dreis-Tiefenbach. Archived from the original on January 6, 2009 ; Retrieved December 26, 2015 .
personal data
SURNAME Jung-Stilling, Johann Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jung, Johann Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German ophthalmologist, economist and writer
DATE OF BIRTH September 12, 1740
PLACE OF BIRTH Hilchenbach , Siegerland
DATE OF DEATH April 2, 1817
Place of death Karlsruhe