Flender (entrepreneurial family)

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Grave site of the Flender family at the Düsseldorf North Cemetery (2019)

The Dusseldorf He entrepreneur family Flender belonged to wealthy and influential upper class of the city. Their ventures were financed by the renowned bank house Trinkaus .

The “factory owner” and long-distance trader Peter Johannes Flender (1730–1781) from Kräwinklerbrücke was the progenitor of a line from this family, from which the companies Flender-Brückenbau , Flender-Bocholt and the Flender shipyard later emerged. The best-known member of the family was the company's founder Hermann August Flender (1839–1882), great-grandson of Peter Johannes Flender, grandson of Johann Flender (1750–1817) and son of Johann Friedrich Flender (1789–1857). Alfred Friedrich Flender (senior) (1876–1939), a son of Hermann August Flender, had a fortune of two to three million marks before the First World War . Alfred Friedrich Flender jun. (1900–1969) received several awards.

history

Peter Johannes (1730–1781)

Peter Johannes Flender was born as the eldest son of Johannes Flender and Anna Margaretha Flender. Clarenbach (born January 31, 1727 in Kräwinklerbrücke; † October 21, 1772). Peter Johannes was a grandson of Friedrich Flender von der Hardt (1674–1707), who was executed by Wilhelm Hyacinth von Nassau-Siegen (1666–1743). Since January 18, 1726 he was born with Anna Elisabeth. Heyder (* 1730 - † May 1781 in Siegen) married. Peter John, who is the band and finishing iron had acquired -Handel the region special merits, lived in Dörpe , one in the Wuppertalsperre sunken village in today's city of Radevormwald . Peter Johannes lived "in an older Bergisch dwelling house, which has many characteristic features, namely in the narrow windows on the Wupperseite, the two cantilevered upper floors, the built-in fireplace and the interesting southern clapboard wall with wooden shutters and lattice windows".

Children of Peter Johannes Flender and Anna Elisabeth Flender geb. Heyder were:

  • Anna Margaretha (* March 17, 1749 - † September 28, 1802), married to Joh.Otto Achenbach
  • Johannes (born November 21, 1750; † October 29, 1817), married to Anna Maria Achenbach
  • Peter Johannes (* 1754)
  • Joh. Friedrich (* 1756; † October 13, 1818), married to Anna Magdalena Pieper from Ronsdorf
  • Maria Katharina (* 1758; † July 20, 1817)
  • Catharina Johanna (* 1759), married to Benjamin Pieper
  • Anna Elisabeth (born November 1, 1761 - † August 29, 1809), married to Hermann Achenbach (mayor of Siegen)

Peter Johannes Flender from Kräwinklerbrücke was a patron of Johann Heinrich Jung (also Jung-Stilling ), who lived in Flender's house from 1763 to 1770 and taught his children there. In Jung-Stilling's stories he was referred to as "Mr. Spaniard" because Peter Johannes exported his goods to Spain. In Jung-Stilling's book "Theory of Spiritual Science" the author tells of Peter Johannes Flender.

  • Johann Heinrich Jung (called Jung-Stilling, born 1740 in Grund in Siegerland, died 1817 in Karlsruhe) describes Peter Johannes Flender

  • Jung-Stilling, sponsored by PJ Flender

  • P. 28

  • P. 29

  • P. 30

  • P. 31

  • P. 32

  • P. 33

  • P. 34

On the occasion of the death of Achenbach's wife, Peter Johannes Flender wrote a letter to Johann Friedrich Achenbach on April 6, 1783 in Kräwinklerbrücke, in which he expressed his condolences :

"Highly noble dearest Herr Mitfater,
imbued with a feeling of melancholy, I find out from your memorial letter, which you yourself wrote to me, the fatal step of your dearest women, my dearest and dearest wife co-mother, the once noble Mrs. Elisabeth, born Panthöverin. I know that she, as a good Christian, called on God more often for her release, even with his approaching feeling, she will have blessed her husband, loved ones, children and grandchildren. And just as her tired limbs now rest without pain with all of us mediators, so her soul will rejoice in looking at her God and Savior. She will not come back to us, but she will demand that we should come to her soon, each in his own time.
But with all this, dearest fellow father! do justice to their pain and grief. I feel sorry for you and have more than friendly pity on you. My soul knows it, and just now fully feels again what it means to lose those at whose side one has walked the times of youth and prime. The one where you used to pour your heart out and discover all its secrets. The one who shared with us the care of housekeeping, the laborious upbringing of our dear children, and who after completing our day-to-day business, took care of our rest and refreshment. But we also know from the holy leaves and our own experience that the ways of the Lord are pure goodness to those who keep his covenant and testimonies. - So grasp yourselves, surrender to the will of the Lord in this, as in many previous events. - But I feel that my pen is too weak to console. You know more than I can tell you. So I wish that the Lord will strengthen and keep you in these circumstances and leave all that is good about the living. - I commend myself and my family to your kind friendship, assuring that I will never draw myself otherwise than to be with respectful devotion.
Your esteemed fellow father
Peter Johannes Fleder "

  • Peter Johannes Flender (born November 21, 1750, died October 29, 1817), founding father of the Düsseldorf branch of the Flender family

  • Seal of Mr. Peter Joh. Flender

  • Children of Peter Johannes Flender

  • Front view of the house of Peter Johannes Flender in Dörpe (Radevormwald) where Johann Heinrich Jung lived from 1763 to 1770.

  • Rear view of the house of Peter Johannes Flender in Dörpe (Radevormwald) where Johann Heinrich Jung lived from 1763 to 1770.

Johann (1750-1817)

Johannes Flender was born as the second child of Peter Johannes Flender on November 21, 1750. On April 6, 1780 he married Anna Maria geb. Achenbach. On October 8, 1817, he became seriously ill, got "very cold " at 11 o'clock , and then " breast disease ". Later a " biliary fever " was added. He “ fantasized ” for three days . He died from October 13th to October 14th at 2 a.m. The common children were:

  • Elisabeth Friederica (June 20, 1781 - December 15, 1825)
  • Katharina Margaretha Henrietta (* November 24, 1782 - † February 18, 1867)
  • Johannes Friedrich (* July 16, 1784; † September 20, 1802)
  • Elisabetha Philippina (born August 26, 1787 - † September 20, 1802)
  • Johann Friedrich ('May 14, 1789; † September 18, 1857), married to Adolfine Schleifenbaum from Siegen
  • Amalie Catharina Johanna (* December 4, 1791 - † November 3, 1868), married to Joh. Abraham von den Steinen
  • Peter Johannes (born November 29, 1793; † November 30, 1793), buried on December 2, 1793
  • Johannes (January 19, 1795 - September 8, 1862)

  • Johannes Flender

  • Anna Maria Flender b. Achenbach

  • Children of Johannes Flender and Anna Maria Achenbach

Johann Friedrich (1789-1857)

Johann Friedrich Flender (born May 14, 1789 in Kräwinklerbrücke; † September 18, 1857 in Siegen ) was born as the fifth child of Johannes Flender. He had been with Adolfine born on May 23, 1833. Schleifenbaum (July 6, 1810 - September 16, 1875) married. Because of an eye disease, he and his wife came from Kräwinklerbrücke near Lennep to Siegen to get medical advice. There he also fell ill in his abdomen and died a short time later. The common children were:

  • Johanna (born June 21, 1834)
  • Wilhelmina (born November 27, 1835 - † October 27, 1886)
  • Johann Friedrich (born September 17, 1837)
  • Hermann August (February 24, 1839 - January 3, 1882)
  • Adolfine (born May 9, 1841), married to Johannes Israel from the Netherlands
  • Luise (December 2, 1843 - November 11, 1888)

  • Johann Friedrich Flender

  • Adolfine Flender b. Loop tree

  • Children of Johann Friedrich Flender

  • Front view of the Flender headquarters in Kräwinklerbrücke

  • Rear view of the Flender headquarters in Kräwinklerbrücke

Hermann August (1839–1882)

Life

Hermann August Flender (born February 24, 1839 in Kräwinklerbrücke; † January 3, 1882) was born as the fourth child of Johann Friedrich Flender and Adolfine Flender. Bow tree born. His first marriage to Mathilde was born. Brink (born February 1, 1841 in Milspe ; † December 30, 1867 in Düsseldorf) married. After her death he married Alina Leonore geb. Klein (born August 19, 1847 in Düsseldorf, † April 4, 1914 in Düsseldorf). From September 20, 1864, he lived in the house at Bahnstrasse 56 in Düsseldorf. Hermann August had eight children:

  • Hermann August (born February 26, 1870)
  • Aline (born November 27, 1817)
  • Leonore (born March 2, 1873)
  • Elisabeth (born October 21, 1874)
  • Alfred Friedrich Flender (born March 5, 1876 in Düsseldorf; † August 27, 1939)
  • Irma (born October 24, 1877)
  • Walter (born January 11, 1880)
  • Adolf (born June 7, 1881)

  • Children of Hermann August Flender

H. Aug. Flender Company

Hermann August Flender came to Düsseldorf from Siegerland in 1864 and founded a screw and rivet factory that supplied tube works. To this end, a few years later he set up a puddle and rolling mill. In 1872 he acquired land opposite the train station in Benrath. In 1873 the factory owner Flender applied for a railway connection to the Benrath train station for a new plant to be built. The Railway Inspectorate gives his approval on condition that he obtains the consent of the owner of a private road. Five years later, Flender received further permits for branches from this connecting route. Hermann August Flender helped Wilhelm de Fries to set up the Benrath plant, where de Fries produced hoists , overhead cranes, wagons and later also gantry cranes for ports. Flender sold part of the acquired land to the companies Balke & Co. and Capito & Klein , then built a small galvanizing plant on the remaining land, to which he added a corrugated iron factory . In the 1890s, he switched to making iron structures for factory buildings. On this basis, he successfully expanded his business to include bridge construction . From his work z. B. a large hall of the Zeppelin shipyard in Friedrichshafen , hall structures for a large power station in Buenos Aires and a lift bridge in Manila , as well as the platform halls of the railway stations in Königsberg and Hamburg , but also bridge structures in Cologne and Königsberg. The Hochfirstturm built in 1890 on the Hochfirst in the Black Forest was prefabricated by in Benrath.

The introduction to a product catalog lists the diverse work of the Benrath plant:

Share of 100 RM in Flender AG for iron, bridge and shipbuilding from May 1927

"The Flender A.-G. für Eisen-, Brücken- und Schiffbau , Düsseldorf-Benrath, formerly Brückenbau A.-G., which emerged from the company H. Aug. Flender founded in 1880, has carried out a thorough renovation of its workshops in Benrath so that the same today have a covered area of ​​31,000 m² and are equipped with the latest machines and crane systems . These conversions and new constructions put the company in a position to carry out the most extensive deliveries in a short time and to achieve an annual output of around 50,000 tons of iron structures. Of the many hundreds of halls that have already been built and that are still being built, the following should be mentioned: boiler, machine and pump houses , electrical centers and centers for gas power machines , steel works , rolling mills , foundries and generator houses, gas cleaning and Dolomite plants , mechanical workshops, turning shops, assembly halls, repair workshops for all possible branches of the iron industry, boiler forges, special forges, rivet and screw factories, breweries , glass factories, refining factories, soda and paper factories as well as various other specialty factories , whole briquette factories , slaughterhouses, coal washers , coal silos, Coal separations and coal extraction systems, gas works , warehouses and freight halls as well as station halls, high-rise buildings and steel frame buildings.
Roofs and towers for the very largest buildings, such as churches, town halls, large administrative and commercial buildings as well as for various other solid buildings , observation towers, light towers and winding towers as well as masts of all sizes.
Bridges. Railway, road, rotating, folding bridges, lifting bridges, landing bridges, mobile and fixed loading bridges, elevated and suspended railways of all kinds, turntables , overhead crane girders, iron scaffolding for a wide variety of cranes of every size and shape, including the so-called Giant slewing cranes with payloads of up to 150 tons. The Flender A.-G. Deliveries made were mainly for Germany, but then also for foreign countries, both on the continent and by sea. In addition to state and municipal authorities, the company can count among its customers the very largest plants.
Large deliveries were made abroad: for England, France, Belgium, Italy, Holland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Russia, for North and South America, for East and West India, South Africa, China, Japan, Turkey, Bulgaria etc. etc. . "

Projects and buildings carried out by Brückenbau Flender AG in Benrath near Düsseldorf were:

In 1931 the company was sold to Hein, Lehmann & Co. AG in Düsseldorf.

Politics and culture

Hermann August Flender was also politically active. He ran for the Center Party in 1880 , but had previously been a member of the board of the Liberal Association . The Liberals were dismayed about this and thwarted his chances of winning the election by publishing essential parts of his compromising correspondence with the Liberal Association. As a result, Hermann August Flender fell into the twilight and was politically discredited.

Hermann August Flender was also one of the initiators of the trade and art exhibition of 1880 . When the Lower Rhine District Association of the Association of German Engineers , based in Düsseldorf, wanted to host a trade and art exhibition, the engineers were able to win over mainly Düsseldorf entrepreneurs for the exhibition, including Hermann August Flender. In addition to Lueg, Trinkaus, Dietze and Bueck, Flender was a member of the main committee of an entrepreneurial meeting that was called by the engineers on August 28, 1878.

Alfred Friedrich (1876–1939)

Life

Alfred Friedrich Flender (born March 5, 1876 in Düsseldorf; † August 27, 1939) was married to Mathilde Christine Doris born on March 10, 1900. Stein (born November 27, 1878 in Croydon near London, † May 23, 1949 in Düsseldorf). He lived in the house Bahnstraße 22. The architectural and engineering association Dusseldorf acknowledged in 1904 in the publication Dusseldorf and its buildings facade design and layout solution of the house that designed by the prominent Berlin architect Heinrich Kayser and Karl von Großheim through its Düsseldorf office manager Max Wohler built has been. The house had to solve a special construction task that was dictated by the width and depth of the front:

“ The building Bahnstrasse 22 (Fig. 583) built by the architects Kayser, von Grossheim and Wöhler required the construction of a large inner courtyard due to the narrow front width of 12 m and the considerable depth. The front building and the rear building were connected by the hallway (Figs. 584 and 585). "

  • Residential house of the Flender industrialist family, Bahnstrasse 22, around 1900

  • Detail of the facade with initials.

  • The initials A and F in the facade of the house.

A. Friedr. Flender & Co. KG

On March 25, 1899, Alfred Friedrich Flender acquired a 10- acre factory site in Reisholz . On May 15, 1899 under the company Alfred Friedrich Flender & Co. is a limited partnership formed and into the commercial register on this day. Alfred Friedrich Flender was a partner with personal liability, and Anton Röper and Heinrich de Fries were limited partners . The purpose of the company was to operate a wooden belt pulley factory on the factory premises acquired by Alfred Friedrich Flender in Düsseldorf-Reisholz on March 25, 1899. The management of the company was entrusted to D. A. Sprinkle, who was born in the USA. The first wooden pulley produced was handed over to Alfred Friedrich Flender on December 25, 1899. The first factory-produced pulleys were delivered to the companies Hermann August Flender in Düsseldorf-Benrath and S. Zucker in Nuremberg in January 1900.

In 1901 the branch in Leipzig was founded under the management of Moos; which was awarded the "Golden Medal" at the trade exhibition in Leipzig. In 1902 the branch was founded in Frankfurt am Main , led by Friedrich von Roeßler. On January 1, 1903, was authorized Wilhelm Mumm partners of the company Alfred Friedrich Flender & Co . The factory burned down on July 23, 1903. The operation continued in a shed until the construction of the new factory building was completed.

In 1904 the Berlin branch was founded under the direction of Magnus Moos. In the same year a Belgian branch was founded in Leuven , which was managed by F. de Rey until the end of the war.

On March 1, 1905, Dr. jur. Adolf Flender joins the company as a further limited partner. This was followed by the establishment of new branches in Hanover under the direction of Schachtzabel, in Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen under the direction of Bossert, in Bochum under the direction of Zanzen and in Lille under the direction of Maurice Esser. The Bochum branch was later taken over by the Dortmund branch. The Paris-based company Wanner & Co took over the branch in Lille .

In 1906 the branch in Hamburg was founded, it was under the direction of Wilhelm Forst; also the branch in Cologne under the management of S. Benjamin. The Wroclaw branch was given up, but was re-established in 1921 as the "Breslau Engineering Office".

In 1909 the company's founder, Alfred Friedrich Flender, became a member of the Düsseldorf Chamber of Commerce . A branch under the management of Häring was founded in Rheydt . On December 8, 1909, Friedrich Flender merged the Alfred Friedrich Flender & Co. company with the Dieckmann & Tangerding Nachf. Machine factory and iron foundry founded on January 11, 1898 in Bocholt , which mainly produced cast-iron pulleys and transmission parts. On February 21, 1910, the factory in Bocholt was incorporated into Flender's company as Plant 2 . Personally liable partners were now Alfred Friedrich Flender, W. Mumm and F. Tangerding, limited partners were the widow of Hermann August Flender and Dr. jur. Alfred Flender. The Reisholz plant 1 continued to produce wooden pulleys, the Bocholt plant 2 iron pulleys and other transmission parts . At the World Exhibition in Brussels in 1910 , the company was awarded a "Golden Medal".

On May 13, 1911, the factory land and buildings of Plant 2 in Bocholt were acquired by the widow F. Tangerding. In the same year the branches were founded in Dortmund under the direction of G. Steiner and in Düsseldorf under the direction of Grabowski and Höning.

From 1912 to 1914, both plants were expanded. The "English department" in the Reisholz plant was set up, while the foundry and workshops and an administration building were expanded in Bocholt.

H. Aug. Flender's widow died on April 4, 1914. On May 22nd, 1914, an interest group was formed with the Bocholt-based company Hesselbein & Reygers , which is the sole distributor of the makes of transmission parts from A. Friedr. Flender & Co took over. On June 30, 1914, the central administration - under the direction of A. Friedrich Flender - was relocated to Düsseldorf.

The company Hesselbein & Reygers , founded in 1894, was taken over by Alfred Friedrich Flender & Co. after Heinrich Hesselbein left the company on December 13, 1916 , and continued as Plant 3 for the production of transmissions. A. Reygers remained a personally liable partner. The company Alfred Friedrich Flender & Co. then comprised the wood belt pulley factory in Reisholz and two transmission works in Bocholt.

In 1917 the Schmitz & Zassenhaus sawmill in Düsseldorf was acquired. In January 1918, the company acquired the Aaper Wald in Düsseldorf-Grafenberg and had it cut down for Plant 1 in Reisholz. The transmission department was acquired from Eschweiler-Ratinger Metallwerke AG . The inventory was sold off, the machines were partially taken over from Plant 2 and Plant 3 .

In 1919 F. Tangerding became a member of the Lower Rhine Chamber of Commerce in Bocholt . The second full gate was exhibited in the Reisholz plant. The Bocholt branch under the management of Bernhard Willing was founded, as was a foreign department in Düsseldorf under the management of Peter Dörrwaldt. Dörrwaldt was the founder and head of the London branch , which was founded in 1910 as a successor to the Vortex Pulley and Belting Co. , but was abandoned at the beginning of the First World War.

In 1920 Plant 2 was expanded after the purchase of neighboring properties. The Flora area in Bocholt was acquired and used to expand seven civil servants' apartments.

In 1921 the second "English department" was built in Plant 1 in Reisholz. The commercial departments of the two Bocholt plants were merged in Plant 3 . In 1922 the administration building and the locksmith's shop in Plant 1 in Reisholz were expanded. In the same year the metal processing company was founded in Barmen , in which the company Alfred Friedrich Flender & Co. also participated, and whose supervisory board chairman Alfred Friedrich Flender became. In 1923, the German industrial standards were introduced, which led in particular to new, improved design and shape of the ring lubrication bearings. On May 14, 1924, the company's 25th anniversary was celebrated. The central administration was relocated to the new Wilhelm-Marx-Haus in Düsseldorf.

Alfred Friedrich (II.) (1900–1969)

Alfred Friedrich Flender (born May 5, 1900 in Düsseldorf, † November 17, 1969 in Bocholt) was born as the son of Friedrich Flender. He was married to Marie Louise (* June 21, 1915, † September 11, 1994) and had u. a. a son, Dipl.-Ing. Alfred Friedrich Flender III. (* February 17, 1945; † February 2, 1982) The Bocholt company A. Friedrich Flender & Co. was under his management . He also published the magazine Der Flenderaner - For all relatives and friends . Alfred Flender was awarded the Freiherr vom Stein Prize on November 30, 1955 in Hamburg for his services to corporate social policy . On February 25, 1961, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from RWTH Aachen University for his services to drive and transmission technology as well as to social business organization . Alfred-Flender-Strasse in Bocholt was named after him on June 14, 1972.

literature

  • Chronicle of the Flender family. Ludwig Voss, Düsseldorf 1900.
  • Hugo Weidenhaupt (ed.): Small history of the city of Düsseldorf . Triltsch-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1979/1983, ISBN 3-7998-0000-X .
  • Hugo Weidenhaupt (Ed.): Düsseldorf. History from the origins to the 20th century.
    • Volume 1: From the first settlement to the early modern city (until 1614). Schwann, Düsseldorf 1988, ISBN 3-491-34221-X .
    • Volume 2: From the royal seat to the civil servant town (1614–1900). Schwann, Düsseldorf 1988, ISBN 3-491-34222-8 .
    • Volume 3: The industrial and administrative city (20th century). Schwann, Düsseldorf 1989, ISBN 3-491-34223-6 .
    • Volume 4: Timetable and Register. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1990, ISBN 3-491-34224-4 .
  • Bridge construction Flender AG, Benrath near Düsseldorf. o. O., o. J. (product catalog)
  • Hermann Böttger (edit.): History of the Flender family. Volume I, 1954.
  • Wilhelm Weyer (arr.): History of the Flender family. Volume II, 1961.
  • Ernest Omar Nay: Genealogy of the Flenner Family. o. O. (USA) 1966.

Web links

Commons : Chronicle of the Flender Family, Ludwig Voss (Verlag), Düsseldorf 1900  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hugo Weidenhaupt (Ed.): Düsseldorf history from the origins to the 20th century. Volume 3: The industrial and administrative city (20th century). Schwann, Düsseldorf 1989, ISBN 3-491-34223-6 , p. 559.
  2. ↑ Hugo Weidenhaupt (Ed.): Düsseldorf history from the origins to the 20th century. Volume 2: From the royal seat to the civil servant town (1614–1900). Schwann, Düsseldorf 1988, ISBN 3-491-34222-8 , p. 543.
  3. ↑ Hugo Weidenhaupt (Ed.): Düsseldorf history from the origins to the 20th century. Volume 3: The industrial and administrative city (20th century). Schwann, Düsseldorf 1989, ISBN 3-491-34223-6 , p. 194, p. 559.
  4. ↑ Hugo Weidenhaupt (Ed.): Düsseldorf history from the origins to the 20th century. Volume 2: From the royal seat to the civil servant town (1614–1900). Schwann, Düsseldorf 1988, ISBN 3-491-34222-8 , p. 543, p. 562.
  5. ^ Chronicle of the Flender family. Ludwig Voss, Düsseldorf 1900, p. 28.
  6. ^ Chronicle of the Flender family. Ludwig Voss, Düsseldorf 1900, p. 72.
  7. ^ Chronicle of the Flender family. Ludwig Voss, Düsseldorf 1900, p. 35.
  8. ^ Chronicle of the Flender family. Ludwig Voss, Düsseldorf 1900, pp. 28–34.
  9. ^ Chronicle of the Flender family. Ludwig Voss, Düsseldorf 1900, pp. 33–34.
  10. ^ Chronicle of the Flender family. Ludwig Voss, Düsseldorf 1900, pp. 41–42.
  11. ^ Chronicle of the Flender family. Ludwig Voss, Düsseldorf 1900, p. 72.
  12. ^ Chronicle of the Flender family. Ludwig Voss, Düsseldorf 1900, pp. 52–54.
  13. ^ Chronicle of the Flender family. Ludwig Voss, Düsseldorf 1900, p. 55.
  14. ^ Chronicle of the Flender family. P. 55.
  15. ^ Registry office Düsseldorf-Mitte, 18/1882.
  16. ↑ Hugo Weidenhaupt (Ed.): Düsseldorf history from the origins to the 20th century. Volume 2: From the royal seat to the civil servant town (1614–1900). Schwann, Düsseldorf 1988, ISBN 3-491-34222-8 , p. 561.
  17. ↑ Hugo Weidenhaupt (Ed.): Düsseldorf history from the origins to the 20th century. Volume 2: From the royal seat to the civil servant town (1614–1900). Schwann, Düsseldorf 1988, ISBN 3-491-34222-8 , p. 619.
  18. ↑ Hugo Weidenhaupt (Ed.): Düsseldorf history from the origins to the 20th century. Volume 2: From the royal seat to the civil servant town (1614–1900). Schwann, Düsseldorf 1988, ISBN 3-491-34222-8 , p. 562.
  19. ↑ Hugo Weidenhaupt (Ed.): Düsseldorf history from the origins to the 20th century. Volume 2: From the royal seat to the civil servant town (1614–1900). Schwann, Düsseldorf 1988, ISBN 3-491-34222-8 , p. 561.
  20. ^ Bridge construction Flender AG, Benrath near Düsseldorf. o. O., o. J. (product catalog)
  21. ↑ Hugo Weidenhaupt (Ed.): Düsseldorf history from the origins to the 20th century. Volume 3: The industrial and administrative city (20th century). Schwann, Düsseldorf 1989, ISBN 3-491-34223-6 , p. 10.
  22. ^ Bridge construction Flender AG, Benrath near Düsseldorf. o. O., o. J. (product catalog)
  23. ↑ Hugo Weidenhaupt (Ed.): Düsseldorf history from the origins to the 20th century. Volume 2: From the royal seat to the civil servant town (1614–1900). Schwann, Düsseldorf 1988, ISBN 3-491-34222-8 , p. 603.
  24. ↑ Hugo Weidenhaupt (Ed.): Düsseldorf history from the origins to the 20th century. Volume 3: The industrial and administrative city (20th century). Schwann, Düsseldorf 1989, ISBN 3-491-34223-6 , p. 52.
  25. ↑ Hugo Weidenhaupt (Ed.): Düsseldorf history from the origins to the 20th century. Volume 3: The industrial and administrative city (20th century). Schwann, Düsseldorf 1989, ISBN 3-491-34223-6 , p. 43.
  26. ^ Registry office Düsseldorf-Nord, 806/1939.
  27. ^ Registry office Düsseldorf-Mitte, 916/1949.
  28. ↑ History index (Film No. 7-4-0-10.0000)
  29. ^ Architects and Engineers Association in Düsseldorf (ed.): Düsseldorf and its buildings. L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1904, p. 386, p. 388.
  30. ↑ 25 years of German work in the construction of transmissions. A. Friedr. Flender & Co., Düsseldorf, Reisholz, Bocholt . Verlag Buchdruckerei Günther, Kirstein & Wendler, Leipzig 1924.
  31. ↑ bocholt.de