Kräwinkler Bridge
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Kräwinkler Bridge
City of Remscheid
Coordinates: 51 ° 10 ′ 57 ″ N , 7 ° 18 ′ 21 ″ E
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| Height : | 231 m | |
| Postal code : | 42897 | |
| Area code : | 02191 | |
Location of Kräwinklerbrücke in Remscheid |
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 Ev. Church in Kräwinklerbrücke
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Kräwinklerbrücke is a district of the city of Remscheid in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany . It is located on the banks of the Wuppertalsperre on the border with the cities of Radevormwald and Hückeswagen . The village was named after a historic stone bridge over the Wupper River , which today lies below the waterline of the dam .
Location and description
Kräwinklerbrücke is located in the statistical district of Engelsburg in the Lennep district . Neighboring towns are in Remscheid city Niedernfeld Bach , Dörperhöhe and Nagelberg , on Hückeswagener city Hammerstein , Dürhagen and Voßhagen and across the dam away on Radevormwalder city Heider bridge , Honsberg and Hofschaft Kräwinkel that gave the Wupper Crossing the name. At the end of the Middle Ages there was also the name "An der Kreewincklerbruck".
The place had a train station on the Wuppertal Railway , which ran from Radevormwald to Wuppertal , as well as a post office , an electricity company built in 1899 and the Urbach & Co. steelworks founded in 1880.With the construction of the Wuppertal Dam, large parts of the village fell into desolation by 1975. The original Kräwinklerbrücke extended on both sides of the Wupper, on both Remscheider and Radevormwalder urban area. Nothing is left of the part located in Radevormwalder urban area, of the Remscheid part only the peripheral buildings on a higher location. Most of the station, the route of the railway line, the steelworks, the chapel and numerous connecting roads were dismantled and flooded. Two historic houses were valuable before impoundment translocated .
The place has only belonged to Remscheid since 1975, before that part of the Kräwinklerbrücke on the left of the Wupper, which today forms the entire place, belonged to Hückeswagen. In addition to the Radevormwald part of Kräwinklerbrücke, the neighboring industrial towns of Oege , Dörpe , Friedrichsthal and Felbeckerhammer on the Wupper , which were also laid down and flooded due to the construction of the dam, have gone.
Landesstraße 412 runs through the village. A 270-meter-long prestressed concrete beam bridge connects the village across the dam with the Radevormwald forest opposite, so that the name of the place is maintained. There is also a small Protestant church in Krähwinklerbrücke, which belongs to the Bergisch Born parish.
At the level of the sunken train station there is now a lido , which is also the starting point for the local diving clubs . The chapel in particular, which is marked with a buoy, attracts many divers. But also in the lido, as in the entire dam, swimming or bathing is only tolerated by the responsible Wupper Association for legal reasons . A small boat harbor for rowing boats and pedal boats is also part of the facility.
history
The Wupper Bridge
The first written mention of the Kräwinkler Wupperbrücke dates back to 1399. The poet Jung-Stilling , who lived in neighboring Dörpe from 1763 to 1770 and was employed as a tutor for the hammer mill owner Peter Johannes Flender , measured the arch bridge with its three arches. According to his description, it had a length (without external foundations) of 90 ohne feet (= 28.5 m) and a width (without the covered parapets) of 9 1/6 feet (= 2.9 m). In the Topographia Ducatus Montani map from 1715, the Wupper Bridge is shown, but not the place itself.
Although oak flow breakers were installed in front of the bridge piers, in 1783 the bridge was badly damaged by ice drifts with subsequent flooding, so that it was hardly passable. This was followed by a ten-year dispute over repair costs and bridge fees between the town of Radevormwald and the Clarenbach and Flender families , who owned most of the land and the factories near Kräwinklerbrücke. The Prussian state took ownership in 1815.
In 1843 a fourth arch was added, spanning the upper trench of the Clarenbach hydroelectric power plant. The parapet walls were replaced by 1.5 m wide sandstone slabs in 1882 so that pedestrians no longer had to use the lane. In 1968 today's prestressed concrete beam bridge was built, which spanned the valley at a height of 30 m. The old bridge sank from 1987 onwards in the floods of the Wuppertalsperre.
The Clarenbach water engine
In the years 1694 to 1704, a Caspar Clarenbach and his son Peter Adolf Clarenbach (1661–1736) bought the entire land in and around Kräwinklerbrücke. Clarenbach, who came from the Stursberg farm near Lüttringhausen , built a water- powered double iron hammer on the Wupper , which, according to local history researcher Julius Lausberg, started production immediately. On October 8, 1714 a double horizontal hammer was licensed . Its owner, Peter Clarenbach, received approval to build seven more hammer mills by 1733. When Peter Clarenbach died in 1736, he left his nine children as many hammer mills that were housed in six buildings. There were also other houses and properties in Kräwinklerbrücke.
Several hammer mills were apparently sold in the following period, because in 1785 Peter Johannes Flender appears as the owner of four of the nine production facilities. Peter Johannes Flender (1727–1807) was the son-in-law of Peter Adolf Clarenbach. The remaining five still belonged to Clarenbach's heirs. By 1816, Flender and his heirs took over three more hammer mills, so that the family owned seven. The remaining two hammer mills were bought that year by Johann Peter Lausberg for 5700 Reichthalers. His son Johann Wilhelm Lausberg converted the first hammer into a cloth factory in 1855 and demolished the second in 1866 in order to enlarge the production facility, which in 1865 had a 20 hp steam engine and a boiler house with a 90 foot chimney and a steam boiler . In one of Flender's hammer mills, Johann Friedrich Flender built a steam hammer and a double cementation furnace in 1857 to produce spring steel for the railroad.
By 1890 at the latest, all the buildings in the village were owned by the Lausberg family. Hammer mill VII and double hammer mill VII / IX were also converted into a textile factory by Johann Wilhelm Lausberg, in which he employed 90 workers. Around 1925 the factory became the property of Carl Mauer, who produced there for the local textile trade until 1959.
Front view of the Flender headquarters in Kräwinklerbrücke
Rear view of the Flender headquarters
After Dürhagen tranzloziertes office building of the cloth factory Lausberg
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The Heidersteg grinding mill
Next to the Wupperbrücke, at the mouth of the Heidersteg brook, there was a grinding mill, the year of which was set at 1380 by local researcher Julius Lausberg. Around 1770 Melchior Clarenbach and Johannes Flender operated a water-powered double iron hammer in which anvils were manufactured. In 1863 a license to operate a fruit mill was granted to a Carl Sieper, but as early as 1880 there was evidence of a water-powered woodcutter, which was operated by a Karl Höhfeld and a Mr. Dürholt. In addition to the water drive, there was a small forge until it was demolished in 1914, in which the Finkensieper brothers carried out repairs. After the old buildings were demolished, the Maria zur Mühlen chapel was built on this site in 1951 .
The Urbach steelworks
Around 1880, master blacksmith Carl Urbach and his journeymen ran the manufacture of files and profile steel in two leased double iron hammers (III / IV, built in 1726 and V / VII, built in 1727) near Clarenbach's water drive . When the Kräwinklerbrück electricity works were to be built at this point, Urbach and his 14 workers moved into a new steam hammer works at the Kräwinklerbrück train station in 1898. 1925 52 workers and ten employees at the plant, 15 steam hammers from 2 to 60 quintals work ram weight processed up to 600 mm thick steel blocks. Alloyed chisels , punches and cutting steels , dies and turning tools were manufactured until 1970 . When the company had to close in 1971 due to the construction of the dam, 70 employees were laid off.
The power station
The Kräwinklerbrücke power station was built on the site of the two double hammers (III / IV and V / VII) and started generating electricity on November 1, 1900. It was a run-of-river power plant with an output of 490 hp, which was supported by a steam engine with an additional 250 hp. In addition to the place with its industrial facilities, the surrounding communities were also supplied with electricity. Power generation ended around 1971.
Communal allocation and population development
In the 18th century the region belonged to the left of the Wupper to Honschaft Lüdorf in Bergisch Office Bornefeld-Hückeswagen , the part to the right of the river to the Lower peasantry of the parish in Radevormwald Bergisch Office Beyenburg .
In 1815/16 there were 36 people living in the 1975 Hückeswagen (later Remscheider) part, and 13 people in the Radevormwald part. In 1832, the Remscheid suburb continued to belong to the Lüdorfer Honschaft, which was part of the Hückeswagen external citizenship within the Hückeswagen mayor and was categorized as an iron hammer according to the statistics and topography of the Düsseldorf administrative district . At that time, the Radevormwald suburb belonged to the district of the Radevormwald mayor and was classified as a hamlet in the same statistics .
In 1832, Kräwinklerbrücke owned eight houses (six at Hückeswagen and two at Radevormwald), seven mills or factories (six and one) and 15 agricultural buildings (twelve and three). At that time 55 inhabitants (43 and 12) lived in the place, all of them Protestant faith.
In the municipality lexicon for the province of Rhineland , 16 houses (eleven at Hückeswagen and five at Radevormwald) with 122 inhabitants (100 and 22) are given for the two suburbs in 1885. The suburb on the left belonged to the rural community Neuhückeswagen within the Lennep district , the suburb on the right belonged to the town of Radevormwald. In 1895 the place had 14 houses (ten and four) with 118 (94 and 24) inhabitants, in 1905 17 houses (twelve and five) and 136 inhabitants (108 and 28).
Younger story
In the course of the North Rhine-Westphalian municipal area reform, the eastern area around Bergisch Born with the village of Kräwinklerbrücke was detached from the city of Hückeswagen on January 1, 1975 and incorporated into the city of Remscheid. For the construction of the Wuppertalsperre, the parts of the place that were in the floodplain area - approx. 50 structures - were largely demolished and the site remodeled. Two of the buildings, the office building of the cloth factory and a barn, were moved to Dürhagen . The Wuppertal Railway was shut down on December 31, 1979.
Three sports clubs were active around Kräwinklerbrücke: the gymnastics club Kräwinklerbrücke on Heidersteg, the ring and stem club Germania Kräwinklerbrücke in Hammerstein and the motorsport friends Kräwinklerbrücke ( motocross ), whose practice area was near Niederkretze .
literature
- Norbert Wolff: Sunk in the Wupper floods . Documentation in words and pictures of the Kräwinklerbrücke and Krebsöge before the construction of the Wupper dam. Geiger-Verlag, Horb am Neckar 1999, ISBN 3-89570-610-8 .
- Heinz-Dieter Dörner: History from the Wupper dam . Illustrated book with chronicles and descriptions of the Kräwinkler Bridge and the Krebsöge. WFT Verlag, Wermelskirchen 2005, ISBN 3-929095-21-1 .
Web links
- Video: Hydroelectric power plant in Kräwinklerbrücke on the Wupper . Institute for Scientific Film (IWF) 1971, made available by the Technical Information Library (TIB), doi : 10.3203 / IWF / E-1775 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Kräwinklerbrücke on wupperindustrie.de
- ↑ See Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling: Sachgerechte Wirtschaften. Six lectures. New ed. by Gerhard Merk. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1988, p. 138 ff. (Extensive description of Clarenbach's career )
- ↑ a b Johann Georg von Viebahn : Statistics and Topography of the Administrative District of Düsseldorf , 1836
- ↑ Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Prussia) (Ed.): Community encyclopedia for the Rhineland Province, based on the materials of the census of December 1, 1885 and other official sources, (Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia, Volume XII), Berlin 1888.
- ↑ Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Prussia) (Ed.): Community encyclopedia for the Rhineland Province, based on the materials of the census of December 1, 1895 and other official sources, (Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia, Volume XII), Berlin 1897.
- ↑ Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Prussia) (Ed.): Community encyclopedia for the Rhineland Province, based on the materials of the census of December 1, 1905 and other official sources, (Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia, Volume XII), Berlin 1909.