general newspaper

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Allgemeine Zeitung of January 1, 1814 (front page). The volume was four pages.

In the 19th century, the Allgemeine Zeitung was one of the first and most important political daily newspapers in Germany alongside the Frankfurter Zeitung and the Kölnische Zeitung . It was published by Cotta'schen Buchhandlung , which from 1807 to 1865 also published the Morgenblatt for educated readers as a literary daily.

founding

The forerunner of the Allgemeine Zeitung was founded on January 1st, 1798 by Johann Friedrich Cotta in Tübingen under the title Latest Weltkunde . Five central principles have already become the principle for the coming decades: completeness, impartiality, truth, an intelligent, factual representation of contexts and a "pure, masculine and material worthy" language. Cotta had taken over the management of the indebted parental Cotta'schen publishing bookstore in Tübingen in 1787 . In a few years he made it one of the leading companies in Germany and later moved, among other things, the works of Schiller and Goethe .

According to Cotta's wishes, Friedrich Schiller was to be the first editor-in-chief of the latest world studies . However, when he refused, he appointed the experienced journalist Ernst Ludwig Posselt to this post. In September 1798 he moved the place of publication to Stuttgart and renamed it Allgemeine Zeitung after Josef Maria Graf Fugger, as representative of the Viennese imperial court in Württemberg, had obtained the ban on the latest world studies .

With its editorial profile, the Allgemeine Zeitung, under the new editor-in-chief Ludwig Ferdinand Huber , soon made the turn to more modern journalism .

development

Cotta's newspaper was "liberal, but extremely moderate in form, aimed at truth and all-round justice, as tame and kept as it was compatible with independence and with a liberal attitude in general". Since 1803, which was Allgemeine Zeitung because of censorship by Elector Friedrich von Württemberg by him under the title Kaiserlich- and Electoral Palatinate Bavarian privileged general newspaper in Ulm issued.

Sales details on the title page from October 1, 1849

From January 16, 1807 to September 30, 1882, the Allgemeine Zeitung finally appeared in Augsburg , with four printed pages per day and a more extensive “Extraordinary Supplement” that appeared approximately weekly. Initially, the newspaper relied heavily on other newspapers such as the Frankfurter Zeitung , often naming them as the current source of information and quoting them verbatim across several columns. The Extraordinary Supplement reported, detached from the direct topicality of political and legal, rarely religious or cultural basic issues of the time, and printed court judgments and legal texts, especially from Bavaria, without comment. In the first few years the newspaper did not contain any advertisements or classifieds.

In 1823, the freedom of the press was again very limited, so that the Allgemeine Zeitung sank almost to the level of one of the court newspapers of the time . It was only after King Ludwig of Bavaria came to power in 1825 that censorship was relaxed.

During the break-up to the March Revolution of 1848, the Allgemeine Zeitung gained in scope, independence and importance far beyond southern Germany.

At the beginning of 1840 the circulation was 9,000 copies, as Kolb wrote in a letter to Heinrich Heine dated February 27, 1840, by the end of the year the circulation increased to 10,000.

From October 1, 1882, the Allgemeine Zeitung was published in Munich , the last edition under this title appeared there on March 1, 1925. From March 1925, the newspaper was then called AZ in the evening or AZ in the morning . The publication was finally discontinued on July 29, 1929.

Until April 21, 1895 the Allgemeine Zeitung was published by Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Stuttgart and Augsburg or Stuttgart and Munich ; from April 22, 1895, the newspaper Druck und Verlag limited liability company published the Allgemeine Zeitung , in Munich .

With the edition of Tuesday, March 31, 1908, the Allgemeine Zeitung ceased its publication as a daily newspaper and from then on appeared as a weekly newspaper with publication date Saturday. The publisher and editorial team recommended that readers “a trial subscription to the ' Tag ', which has been highly regarded for years ” ”. From September 1923 the weekly newspaper appeared on Sunday.

From Wednesday, January 2, 1924, the Allgemeine Zeitung appeared again daily with the subtitle “Süddeutsches Tagblatt - Großdeutsche Rundschau”. The last edition as "AZ am Abend" appeared on June 30, 1929.

The Augsburger Allgemeine, published in Augsburg (initially published in 1945 under the title Augsburger Anzeiger , 1945–1959 under the title Schwäbische Landeszeitung ) sees the Allgemeine Zeitung as its forerunner.

Eminent authors

One of the most important authors of the Allgemeine Zeitung was Heinrich Heine . He wrote reports on music and painting since 1821 and became their Paris correspondent in 1832 . Heine wrote critical reports on the political and cultural life in France and wrote provocative articles against the politics of Louis Philippe , but also against the German situation. Heine published his newspaper articles for the Allgemeine Zeitung between December 1831 and September 1832 as a book under the title French conditions at Hoffmann and Campe in Hamburg. In the preface to this anthology, Heine explained why he published there in spite of the newspaper's well-known attitude: It was "precisely because of its reputation and its unbelievably large sales the appropriate sheet for reports that only intend to understand the present". It deserves "its world-famous authority" and it should be called "the general newspaper of Europe".

In February 1840, Heine resumed his correspondence in the Allgemeine Zeitung. He has 61 journalistic correspondence from the years 1840 to 1843 in a revised version under the title Lutecia. Reports on politics, art and popular life combined.

In 1840, during his apprenticeship in Bremen, Friedrich Engels , the sister paper of the Allgemeine Zeitung, the morning paper for educated readers , offered a correspondence and sent some articles (which were printed under the pseudonym Friedrich Oswald ), whereupon the publisher Cotta himself asked him to work of the Allgemeine Zeitung.

As a result, five articles by Engels appeared in the Allgemeine Zeitung between August 20, 1840 and February 9, 1841 under the correspondence mark "** Bremen" , for example reports on the emigration question or on the "screw steamship".

In an article for the newspaper "The New Moral World" founded by Robert Owen (No. 32, February 3, 1844), based on the success of the hugely successful novel "Mystères de Paris" by Eugène Sue , he explained that misery and poverty also existed on the continent. The Germans began to discover, "as the 'Allgemeine Zeitung', the Times of Germany, says," that the subject of novels from kings and princes to the poor passes, which is a sign of the times.

The Kölnische Zeitung is said to have claimed the title of the German Times .

Friedrich Hebbel wrote reports from Vienna during the European revolution year 1848 .

Other important poets, writers and scholars of the time also wrote for the renowned paper: Ludwig Börne , Carl Ludwig Fernow , Karl Gutzkow , Ferdinand Gregorovius , Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer , Friedrich List , Alfred von Reumont , August Schleicher , Friedrich Johann Lorenz Meyer , the couple Fritz Anneke and Mathilde Franziska Anneke and many others.

Editors-in-chief

literature

  • Michaela Breil: The general newspaper . In: Helmut Gier, Johannes Janota (eds.): Augsburg book printing and publishing: from the beginnings to the present Harrassowitz publishing house, Wiesbaden 1997, ISBN 3-447-03624-9
  • Volkmar Hansen: Heinrich Heine's political journalism in the Augsburger "Allgemeine Zeitung" . Exhibition catalog: “Heine's article in the 'Allgemeine Zeitung'”, City of Augsburg, 1994
  • Eduard Heyck: The Allgemeine Zeitung 1798-1898. In: Contributions to the history of the German press . Munich 1898, pp. 15-81.
  • Arnulf Kutsch, Johannes Weber: 350 years of daily newspaper, research and documents. Bremen 2002, ISBN 3-934686-06-0 , 220 pages
  • Hans-Joachim Lang : In the foyer of the revolution. When Schiller was to become editor-in-chief in Tübingen: the early days of Cotta's “Allgemeine Zeitung”. Tübingen 1998, ISBN 3-928011-28-6
  • Günter Müchler : Like a faithful mirror: the history of the Cotta'sche Allgemeine Zeitung . Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 1998, ISBN 3-534-13911-9
  • Karl Schottenloher: leaflet and newspaper. A guide through the printed Tagesschrifttum, Volume 1: From the beginnings to 1848. Schmidt, Berlin 1922. Newly published, introduced and supplemented by J. Binkowski. Klinkhardt and Biermann, Munich 1985, ISBN 3-7814-0228-2
  • The editor on fire . In: Die Zeit , No. 25/2004; about Ernst Ludwig Posselt , the newspaper's first editor-in-chief

Web links

Wikisource: proof of digitized material  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Albert Schäffle : Geisteshelden: Cotta. 18th volume. Berlin 1895, p. 174
  2. ↑ For example, the edition of January 2, 1814 says: “The Frankfurter Zeitung reports on December 26th:“ According to received reports, the city of Erfurt has been evacuated by the French. The French occupation has withdrawn to the Citadelle. The Russian armies receive considerable reinforcements on a daily basis, both in dressed and trained recruits and in convalescents. '"
  3. ↑ See also Vormärz : "It relied on a first-class and dense network of correspondents , had information from the highest circles and thus became the journal of the elite , opinion leaders and decision-makers."
  4. ↑ Heinrich Heine Secular Edition, Volume 25 . Berlin.
  5. ↑ a b c MEGA - Marx Engels Complete Edition - Apparat. Department 1, Volume 3 . Dietz Verlag Berlin.
  6. ^ Editorial note: Allgemeine Zeitung, Sunday October 1, 1882 . In: digipress2.digitale-sammlungen.de , October 1, 1882. Accessed on June 18, 2016. “The“ Allgemeine Zeitung ”is dated from Munich for the first time today. We cannot let this moment pass without a word to our readers, a word to the residents of our new home. ./. The attitude of the “Allgemeine Zeitung” is in no way affected by the change in its place of publication. Like Augsburg, Munich is outside the region of the highly political trade winds. ./. Sharing the geographical central position within the cultural world with the previous seat of the Allgemeine Zeitung, the provincial capital has the advantage over the provincial capital, which is important for a world organ, that in it not only the traffic arteries of the country converge, but also the great ones from north to south crossing international routes leading from east to west. The favorable traffic conditions formed the decisive moment for the relocation of our paper here. " 
  7. ^ Editor: Verlag der Allgemeine Zeitung . In: digipress2.digitale-sammlungen.de . April 22, 1895. Retrieved on June 19, 2016: “The JG Cotta'sche Buchhandlung Successor has found it necessary to separate the publishing house of the Allgemeine Zeitung from its business in Stuttgart and to switch to an independent company with limited liability under the company“ Verlag der Allgemeine Zeitung ”. The partners are the successors of the JG Cotta'sche Buchhandlung and have been partners since then. The company is established in Stuttgart and entered in the company register in Munich. There will be no changes in the program and direction of the Allgemeine Zeitung. "
  8. ^ Bayerische Druckerei und Verlagsanstalt mbH: To our readers . In: digipress2.digitale-sammlungen.de . March 1908. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
  9. ^ Publishing house and editor-in-chief of the Allgemeine Zeitung: For guidance! . In: digipress2.digitale-sammlungen.de . January 2, 1924. Retrieved on November 8, 2016: “In difficult times, our paper is now back in service as a daily newspaper for the people and the fatherland. More than a hundred years of tradition give it direction and goal. / In the decades of patriotic powerlessness, before the establishment of the Reich, the Allgemeine Zeitung always stood in the lead in the battle for a single and powerful Greater Germany. When Bismarck's mighty creation arose, our newspaper became the bearer of those fertile national and liberal thoughts and forces to which the building of the Reich owed its development. / Unity and justice and freedom! This shiny triumvirate should continue to shine for us. / Regardless of unobjective influences and narrow-minded party pressure, we will strive towards the great goal of a loyal national community, an internally solidified and popular, externally powerful Greater German state, with reasonable consideration of the multifaceted life of tribes and countries. "
  10. ^ Heinrich Heine Secular Edition, Volume 7 . Berlin.
  11. ^ Marx Engels Complete Edition - Texts. Department 1, Volume 3 . Dietz Verlag Berlin.