Ludwig Börne

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Ludwig Börne, painting by Moritz Daniel Oppenheim , oil on canvas (1827).

Börne's signature:
Signature Ludwig Börne (cropped) .jpg

Carl Ludwig Börne (born May 6, 1786 in the Jewish ghetto of Frankfurt am Main as Juda Löb - also Löw - Baruch ; † February 12, 1837 in Paris ) was a German journalist , literary and theater critic . Börne, who is sometimes compared to Jean Paul , is considered a pioneer of literary criticism - especially of the feature pages - in Germany due to his pointedly witty, descriptive spelling .

Life, work and effect

At the father's request, Börne went to Berlin in 1802 to study medicine. He was placed with Marcus Herz , to whose wife Henriette Herz he developed an impulsive affection. After the death of her husband, Börne revealed his feelings, but was rejected. Ms. Herz then referred Börne to Johann Christian Reil to continue her studies in Halle . Like Herz before, he discovered that Börne was unable to study. Börne was sent to high school to improve his general education. It was not until 1804 that he matriculated for medicine, but also attended seminars on philosophy with Henrik Steffens and Friedrich Schleiermacher . In 1806 he was forced to change his place of study because Napoleon had ordered the closure of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg .

In 1807 there was a serious argument with his father because of debts; a subsequent civil process was to drag on until 1813. Börne had to move to Heidelberg . Here he switched from medicine to law. He puts his focus on the camera sciences , which were attached to the philosophical faculty. When he got into debt in Heidelberg too, he had to change universities again.

In 1808 he enrolled in Giessen . He was promoted by his former boarding school teacher Professor Crome , in whose journal Germanien he published aphorisms , among other things . After just three months he Boerne to Dr. phil. do a doctorate with the writings “On the Geometric Shape of the State” and “Von dem Gelde” without having to pass a separate exam.

Börne was accepted as a Freemason on July 19, 1808 in the Lodge Zur Aufstieg Morgenröthe in Frankfurt / Main . In 1811 he wrote a lecture on Freemasonry , some of which have found their way into newer Masonic rituals.

Memorial plaque for Ludwig Börne at Hambach Castle
Ludwig Börne's grave
New Börneplatz Frankfurt am Main
Memorial stele of the Börneplatz Synagogue in Frankfurt am Main

In 1811 he was dismissed through his father's police actuary in Frankfurt am Main, but in 1815 because of his Jewishness . In 1818 he was baptized as a Protestant . In this context, he changed his name from Juda Löw Baruch to (Carl) Ludwig Börne on the grounds that his name clearly shows his Jewish origins and could harm him in his editorial work.

As a publicist and journalist he made numerous trips and settled in Paris in 1830. Among other things, he wrote for the Allgemeine Zeitung and was commonly counted as part of the “Young Germany” movement , with the aim of spreading democracy as a prerequisite for freedom. His 1830-1833 in the correspondence with Jeanette Wohl incurred letters from Paris launched from the Paris July Revolution the need for a revolution into Germany. He had already met in 1816; later he was to appoint this long-time friend to be the administrator of his literary estate. In 1832 he was invited by Wirth to the Hambach Festival as a guest of honor and took part. These writings, like his Metternich critical magazine Die Wage , were banned. He also wrote critical writings against Johann Wolfgang Goethe , Wolfgang Menzel and Heinrich Heine (with whom he was initially friends). He tried to establish a Franco-German friendship .

Ludwig Börne died in February 1837 as a result of long-standing tuberculosis in Paris, where he was buried in the Père Lachaise cemetery. His grave can still be visited today.

German emigrants founded the town of Boerne in Kendall County, Texas in his honor in 1849 (by the way, near the towns of Bettina and Uhland named after Bettina von Arnim and Ludwig Uhland ).

Since 1993, the Ludwig Börne Prize has been awarded annually to German-speaking political journalists in the Paulskirche in Frankfurt . The Ludwig Börne Professorship was established at his former University of Giessen in 2015 . The first incumbent is the political scientist Claus Leggewie .

Quotes

  • In the service of truth, it is not enough to show spirit; one also has to show courage (Börne: Über Deutschland, von Heine ).
  • Ever since I've felt I've hated Goethe, since I've been thinking I've known why (Börne: Letters from Paris ).
  • There is a lot that man can do without, only not man
  • Nothing is permanent, only change!
  • One idea can be displaced by another, except that of freedom.
  • I do not love Jews, not Christians, because they are Jews or Christians: I only love them because they are human beings and were born to be free. Freedom be the soul of my pen until it becomes dull or my hand paralyzed.
  • What is even the happiest person without faith? A beautiful flower in a glass of water, without roots, without duration.
  • A stream of blood flows through eighteen centuries and Christianity dwells on its banks.
  • If I have to be happy in paradise, then I would rather suffer in hell.

Works. Work editions

A complete catalog of works can be found in the German-language Wikisource .

  • Ed .: Die Wage. A magazine for civil life, science and art. 2 vols. Hermann, Frankfurt am Main 1818/20; Laupp, Frankfurt am Main, Tübingen 1820/21; [Reprint:] Auvermann, Glashütte / Taunus 1972.
  • Collected Writings. 8 vols. Hoffmann and Campe, Hamburg 1829–1834.
  • Letters from Paris. 1830-1831. 2 vols. Hoffmann and Campe, Hamburg: 1832 (letters 1-48).
  • Letters from Paris. 1831-1832. 2 vols. Brunet, Offenbach 1833 (letters 49-79), published under the title “Messages from the field of regional and ethnology”.
  • Letters from Paris. 1832-1833. 2 vols. Brunet, Paris 1834 (letters 80–115).
  • Menzel the French eater. Barriot, Paris 1837.
  • Ludwig Börne's judgment on H. Heine. Unprinted passages from the Paris letters. Sauerlander, Frankfurt am Main 1840.
  • Legacy writings. 6 vols. Bassermann, Mannheim 1844–1850.
  • Börne's collected writings in 12 volumes . Tendler & Comp (Julius Grosser), Vienna 1868.
  • Ludwig Börne's collected writings. Complete edition in six volumes plus an appendix: Post-processed writings in two volumes. With Börne's portrait, a letter in facsimile and a biographical-critical introduction by Alfred Klaar. Hesse, Leipzig 1899.
  • Börne's works. Historical-critical edition in twelve volumes. Edited by Ludwig Geiger in connection with Jules [recte: Joseph] Dresch, Rudolf Fürst, Erwin Kalischer, Alfred Klaar , Alfred Stern and Leon Zeitlin . Bong, Berlin, Leipzig, Vienna, Stuttgart 1911–1913. Vol. 1–3, 6–7, 9 (no more published).
  • Thoughtful speech on Jean Paul. 1924 (Bielefeld University Library).
  • All writings. Edited by Inge and Peter Rippmann. Vol. 1–3: Melzer, Düsseldorf 1964; Vols. 4–5: Melzer, Darmstadt 1968. Also as a paperback edition in 5 volumes (Dreieich: Melzer 1977). An annotated index was published for this issue:
  • Ludwig Börne. Reflection of life. Essays on literature. Selected and introduced by Marcel Reich-Ranicki . Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1993.
  • Ludwig Börne's criticism of Goethe (= found pieces. Vol. 2). After the manuscripts and first editions, ed. by Christoph Weiß. With an afterword by Inge Rippmann. Hanover 2004.
  • Menzel, the French eater. WFB, 2006, ISBN 978-3-930730-43-8 .

Secondary literature

  • Eduard Beurmann : Ludwig Börne as a character and in literature . Körner, Frankfurt am Main 1837 (2nd edition: 1841)
  • Ferdinand Backhaus: Ludwig Börne in his literary work or the results of my criticism of Börne's writings. OM Nauwerk Verlag, Zittau and Leipzig, 1837
  • Heinrich Heine : About Ludwig Börne . Hoffmann and Campe, Hamburg 1840.
  • Heinrich Heine: Ludwig Börne - A memorandum. In: Heinrich Heine, works in five volumes. Volume 3: The Romantic School and other writings on Germany. Könemann, Cologne 1995, ISBN 3-89508-067-5 .
  • Karl Gutzkow : Börne's life. At Hoffmann and Campe, Hamburg 1840. New edition ed. by Martina Lauster, Catherine Minter. October Verl., Münster 2004 ISBN 3-938568-04-6 . Complete online digitization of the first edition: Börne's Leben.
  • Karl Grün : Ludwig Börne . In: Börne's collected writings in 12 volumes . Tendler & Comp (Julius Grosser), Vienna 1868. Vol. 12, pp. 113-174. (About Börne and his life)
  • Sigmund Schott : Memories of Börne . Fey, Frankfurt am Main 1877 (from: Die Wage) (2nd edition 1877)
  • Moriz Carrière :  Börne, Ludwig . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, pp. 164-173.
  • Michael Holzmann : Ludwig Börne, his life and work depicted according to the sources. Oppenheim, Berlin 1888 digitized
  • Gerard Ras: Ludwig Börne and Heinrich Heine as political writers . Wolter, Groningen 1927 (see Amsterdam: Uni Diss. 1926)
  • Johannes Proelß : Young Germany. A book of German intellectual history . Cotta, Stuttgart 1892
  • Ludwig Geiger : Young Germany. Studies and communications . Schottlaenders Schlesische Verlagsanstalt Berlin [1907]
  • Robert Roseeu: Ludwig Börne as an art critic . Greifswald, dissertation 1910
  • Anton Kuh : Börne the contemporary . Wiener Graphische Werkstätte publishing house, Leipzig-Vienna 1922 Digitized
  • Ludwig Marcuse : Revolutionary and Patriot. The life of Ludwig Börne . List, Leipzig 1929 (New edition as Börne. From the early days of German democracy . Diogenes, Zurich 1980)
  • Wilhelm Jänsch: The theater critic Ludwig Börne and the drama . Breslau, Diss. 1930
  • Ernst Heidelberger: Forms of journalism in Börne and Courier . Huber, Munich 1931
  • Wolfgang Schimming: Ludwig Börne's theater criticism. (= The Schaubühne; Vol. 5). Lechte, Emsdetten 1932.
  • Erika Anders: Ludwig Börne and the beginnings of modern journalism. A stylistic investigation . Heidelberg, Diss. (Partial print) 1933
  • Wolfgang Nitzsche: Ludwig Börne as a publicist. A contribution to the teaching of journalism . Leipzig, dissertation 1934
  • Lorenz Ruetz: Arndt and Börne as political publicists . Heidelberg, dissertation 1936
  • Werner Humm: Ludwig Börne as a journalist . Zurich, dissertation 1937
  • Fritz Martini :  Börne, Ludwig. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , pp. 404-406 ( digitized version ).
  • Helmut Bock : Ludwig Börne. From ghetto Jew to national writer. Rütten & Loening, Berlin 1962
  • Norbert Oellers : The quarreling dioscuri. Aspects of Heine's dispute with Börne. In: Journal for German Philology 91 (1971). Special issue: Heine and his time, pp. 66–90.
  • Walter Hinderer : Nazzarener or Hellene. The political-aesthetic feud between Börne and Heine. In: Monatshefte 66 (1974), pp. 355-364.
  • Helmut Koopmann : The new "way of writing". On purpose literature in the early 19th century. In: Copenhagen contributions to German linguistics. 9, pp. 146-172 (1977).
  • Wulf Wülfing: Young Germany. Text-contexts, images and comments . Hanser, Munich 1978
  • Bernd Witte (Ed.): Vormärz: Biedermeier, Young Germany, Democrats. 1815–1848 (= German literature. A social history; Vol. 6). Rowohlt Taschenbuch-Verlag, Reinbek near Hamburg 1980
  • Wolfgang Labuhn : Literature and the public in the pre-March. The example of Ludwig Börne . Athenaeum, Königstein im Taunus 1980
  • Manfred Windfuhr : Young Germany as a literary opposition. Group characteristics and new approaches . In: Heine Jahrbuch 22 (1983), pp. 47-69.
  • Marcel Reich-Ranicki : Ludwig Börne - The tolerant fanatic. In another: The Lawyers of Literature, dtv, Munich 1996, pp. 83–99.
  • Peter Uwe Hohendahl: literary criticism in the epoch of liberalism . In: Peter Uwe Holendal (ed.): History of German literary criticism (1730–1980) . Metzler, Stuttgart 1985
  • Alfred Estermann (Ed.): Ludwig Börne. For the 200th birthday of the Frankfurt writer. Freedom, justice and human dignity . Exhibition catalog. Booksellers Association, Frankfurt am Main 1986
  • Hans Magnus Enzensberger (arrangement): Ludwig Börne and Heinrich Heine. A German rift. (= The Other Library ; 20). Greno, Nördlingen 1986, ISBN 3-89190-220-4 , ISBN 3-89190-320-0 , other editions: Reclam, Leipzig 1991 (series: RUB 1396), ISBN 3-379-00691-2 ; Eichborn Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1997, ISBN 978-3-8218-4467-1
  • Ludwig Börne and Frankfurt am Main. Lectures on the 200th anniversary of his birthday on May 6, 1986 . (= Frankfurt library publications; Vol. 1). Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1987
  • Inge Rippmann: Börne index. Historical-biographical materials on Ludwig Börne's writings and letters. A contribution to the history and literature of the Vormärz. 2 vols. De Gruyter, Berlin, New York 1985.
  • Inge Rippmann, Wolfgang Labuhn (ed.): The art - a daughter of time. New studies on Ludwig Börne . Aisthesis, Bielefeld 1988
  • Willi Jasper: Born to no fatherland. Ludwig Börne. A biography . Hoffmann and Campe, Hamburg 1989
  • Monika Rauschenberg: “La Balance” or the art of living. On the integration of social criticism and aesthetics in Ludwig Börne's writings . Lang, Frankfurt am Main et al. 1989 (see Augsburg, Diss. 1984)
  • Keith Spalding: Words are my tools. The little Börne breviary . Droste, Düsseldorf 1995
  • Christa Walz: Jeannette Wohl and Ludwig Börne. Documentation and analysis of the correspondence . Campus, Frankfurt am Main and New York 2001
  • Ludwig Börne: German, Jew, Democrat . Edited by Frank Stern and Maria Gierlinger. Berlin, construction, 2003. ISBN 3-351-02558-0 .
  • Inge Rippmann: "Freedom is the most beautiful and highest in life and art". Ludwig Börne between literature and politics . (= Vormärz studies; XI). Aisthesis, Bielefeld 2004

See also

Web links

Wikisource: Ludwig Börne  - Sources and full texts
Wikiquote: Ludwig Börne  - Quotes
Commons : Ludwig Börne  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Willi Jasper: Ludwig Börne - a magazine writer . In: Josef Rattner, Gerhard Danzer (eds.): Enlightenment and thinking about progress in Germany 1750-1850. From Kant and Lessing to Heine and Feuerbach . Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2004, ISBN 3-8260-2874-0 , p. 241-260 .
  2. ↑ Jürgen Holtorf: Die Logen der Freemaurer , Nikol VerlagsGmbH, Hamburg, ISBN 3-930656-58-2 , p. 141
  3. ↑ Eugen Lennhoff, Oskar Posner, Dieter A. Binder: Internationales Freemaurer Lexikon . 5th revised and updated edition 2007, Herbig Verlag. ISBN 3-7766-2478-7
  4. ↑ quoted by Fritz J. Raddatz, Süddeutsche Zeitung No. 202, 3./4. September 1977, p. 92
personal data
SURNAME Borne, Ludwig
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Borne, Louis; Börne, Carl Ludwig; Baruch, Juda Löw
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German journalist, literary and theater critic
DATE OF BIRTH May 6, 1786
PLACE OF BIRTH Frankfurt am Main
DATE OF DEATH February 12, 1837
Place of death Paris