Marcus heart

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Marcus Herz, painting by Friedrich Georg Weitsch (1795)
Henriette Herz; Painting by Anton Graff , 1792
Marcus heart

Marcus Herz ( also Markus Herz ; born January 17, 1747 in Berlin ; † January 19, 1803 there ) was a German doctor and philosopher of the Enlightenment . He was married to the Salonnière Henriette Herz .

Life

Marcus Herz was born in 1747 as the son of poor parents, the father worked as a Torah scribe for the Berlin Jewish community. His parents planned a commercial career for their son and sent him to Königsberg in 1762 , where he began an apprenticeship with a businessman, but broke it off after a short time. Instead, he enrolled in 1766 at the University of Königsberg to study medicine and philosophy. Here, among other things, he attended lectures by Immanuel Kant , who recognized his talent and made this enlightener one of his favorite students with letters of recommendation a. a. to Moses Mendelssohn .

For financial reasons, Marcus Herz broke off his studies in Königsberg in 1770 and returned to Berlin in September of the same year. Here Moses Mendelssohn put him on to David Friedländer , who made it possible for Marcus Herz to study medicine at the Berlin Collegium medico-chirurgicum . In order to be able to obtain the doctorate, he enrolled in 1772 at the Fridericiana in Halle , where he finally obtained the doctor of medicine in 1774 with his dissertation De varia naturae energia in morbis acutis atque chronicis .

He returned to Berlin and received an assistant doctor position at the Jewish Hospital , of which he became director in 1782. In the following years he rose to become one of the most respected Jewish doctors in Berlin. From 1776 Marcus Herz gave lectures on medicine, philosophy and experimental physics to a select audience. In the following years, listeners included Alexander and Wilhelm von Humboldt , Karl Abraham von Zedlitz and members of the royal family around Friedrich II . For his professional commitment he was appointed personal physician and councilor by Prince von Waldeck in 1785 and received the title of professor of philosophy for life with an annual salary two years later from King Friedrich Wilhelm II . However , as a member of Berlin's Jewish community, he was refused admission to the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences .

In 1779, Marcus Herz married the daughter of the Portuguese doctor and director of the Jewish hospital Benjamin de Lemos, Henriette de Lemos . In the following years, both became hosts of a Berlin salon, which became a central meeting point for high-ranking guests from politics and culture. Karl Philipp Moritz became a friend of Marcus Herz and for many years also his patient. Also Gotthold Ephraim Lessing , Solomon Maimon , Johann Jakob Engel and Alexander von Humboldt were among his friends. Marcus Herz died of lung disease in 1803. His death is reflected in Leopold Friedrich Günther von Goeckingk's poem Marcus Herz, died January 20th, 1803 .

Works

  • Considerations from speculative world wisdom. Koenigsberg 1771.
  • Frank coffee conversations between two Jewish spectators about the Jew Pinkus . Berlin 1772
  • Try about the taste and the causes of its diversity. Mitau 1776 / Zweyte increased and improved edition. Berlin 1790
  • Letters to doctors. Berlin 1777.
  • Outline of all medical sciences. 1782.
  • Try over the vertigo. 1786. (Edited by Bettina Stangneth . Hamburg: Meiner, 2019. With additions from 1797 and 1798, introduction, catalog raisonné and notes by the editor. ISBN 978-3-7873-3447-6 )
  • History of his [Moses Mendelssohn's] last illness and death. 1786.
  • Basis for the lectures on experimental physics. 1787.
  • A letter to the editors of the Meassefim about the early burial of the dead among the Jews. 1789
  • Something psychological and medical: Moritz medical history . Jena, 1798

literature

  • Biography of Mr. Marcus Herz. In: Sulamith. Volume 3.2, 1811, pp. 77-97.
  • RJ Wunderbar: Historical Notes Concerning the Jews in Courland. In: The Orient. Reports, Studies, and Reviews for Jewish History and Literature. Leipzig, June 30, 1849, pp. 406-410.
  • Ludwig Geiger :  Heart, Marcus . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1880, pp. 260-262.
  • August Hirsch : Biographical lexicon of the outstanding doctors of all times and peoples . Urban & Schwarzenberg, Vienna 1884.
  • Austrian weekly . January 23, 1903, p. 59.
  • Manfred Stürzbecher :  Heart, Naphtali Markus. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 729 ( digitized version ).
  • Heinrich P. Delfosse, Birgit Nehren, Elfriede Conrad (eds.): Considerations from speculative world wisdom . Meiner, Hamburg 1990, ISBN 3-7873-0949-7 .
  • Jörn Steigerwald: Feeling dizzy. The literary paradigm of 'representation' as an anthropology (Klopstock, Sulzer, Herz, Hoffmann). In: Thomas Lange, Harald Neumeyer (Hrsg.): Art and Science around 1800 . Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2000, pp. 109–132.
  • Jörn Steigerwald: Idea circulation and circulation of ideas. On the empirical psychology of the Berlin Late Enlightenment (using the example of Marcus Herz). In: Harald Schmidt, Marcus Sandl (eds.): Memory and circulation. The discourse of the cycle in the 18th and 19th centuries . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2002, pp. 39–64.
  • Christoph Maria Leder: The border crossings of Marcus Herz . Waxmann, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-8309-1857-8 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heinrich P. Delfosse, Birgit Nehren and Elfriede Conrad (eds.): Considerations from speculative world wisdom . Meiner, Hamburg 1990, p. VII.
  2. ↑ Christoph Maria Leder: The border crossings of Marcus Herz . Waxmann, Munich 2007, p. 14.
personal data
SURNAME Heart, marcus
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Heart, Markus; Heart, Naphtali Mark
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German doctor and university professor for philosophy
DATE OF BIRTH January 17, 1747
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH January 19, 1803
Place of death Berlin