David Friedländer

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David Friedländer painted by Julius Huebner in 1834

David Friedländer (born December 6, 1750 in Königsberg (Prussia) ; died December 25, 1834 in Berlin ) was a German - Jewish silk manufacturer and author who campaigned for the emancipation of Jews in Berlin. After the death of Moses Mendelssohn in 1786 Friedländer became the spokesman and decisive organizer of the Jewish enlightenment in Berlin.

David Friedländer
Portrait of Friedrich Georg Weitsch , ca.1795

Life

In 1771 David Friedländer settled in Berlin. As the son-in-law of the banker Daniel Itzig and a friend of Moses Mendelssohn, he quickly made friends in Berlin society. He was committed to the emancipation of Berlin's Jews and various reform projects . Friedrich Wilhelm II. Together with Daniel Itzig appointed him to a committee on the rights of the Jews, which remained without result. Another project was the reform of Jewish worship, but this proposal was rejected as radical.

The founding of the Jewish free school Chevrat Chinuch Ne'arim ("Society for Boy Education") in Berlin in 1778, for which Friedländer also wrote school books and translated the Hebrew prayer book into German, was successful .

Friedländer sought practical forms of convergence (Paul) between Judaism and Christianity. In this sense there was “a breathtaking initiative from the Jewish side in Berlin” (Jobst Paul) in 1799. Friedländer anonymously sent a letter from some housefathers of the Jewish religion to Wilhelm Abraham Teller , in which practical suggestions were made for the "attempt to unite the faith" of Judaism and Protestantism. “For the Jews, he claimed liberation from the faith in Jesus and from some rites, while he considered baptism possible in the non-dogmatic sense that the plate had outlined in his writings. Christianity and Judaism shared a common, natural religion for which rituals had no meaning (he calls them 'sacred works, verbiage and empty trinkets'). The initiative was unsuccessful, a polyphonic, controversial echo followed and some even brought Friedländer into a twilight character, as if he had wanted to buy equality. But it was - first and foremost - a practical approach that was in the air under Berlin conditions, but it was not the last. "

tomb

He is buried in the Jewish cemetery Schönhauser Allee in Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg.

Friedländer was also active as a sponsor of science and art, with Alexander and Wilhelm von Humboldt among those sponsored .

He also laid the basis of the important coin collection of his son Benoni Friedländer (1773-1858), which he transferred in 1861 to the newly founded Münzkabinett, whose director since 1854 was his youngest grandson Julius Friedländer .

His second son, Moses Friedländer (1774–1840), joined the Mendelssohn banking house founded by Joseph Mendelssohn in 1795 - Joseph's sister-in-law Lea, the mother of Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy , and Moses' wife Regina, both née Salomon, were cousins. Until 1804, when the partners separated again, the bank had its headquarters in Palais Itzig at Burgstrasse 25. Later, Moses Friedländer went into business for himself as a banker under the Friedländer & Co. company.

One of Friedländer's nephews was the liberal regional rabbi Joseph Abraham Friedländer .

Fonts

  • Reading book for Jewish children. Reprint d. Edition Berlin, Voss, 1779 / new ed. u. with inlet u. Appendix vers. by Zohar Shavit, dipa-Verl., Frankfurt am Main 1990, ISBN 3-7638-0132-4 .
  • Translation of Moses Mendelssohn's Sefer ha-Nefesh. Berlin 1787.
  • Translation of Moses Mendelssohn's Ḳohelet. 1788.
  • David Friedländer's paper: On the reorganization of the Jews in the Prussian states that became necessary 1) their worship in the synagogues, 2) their teaching establishments and their subjects and 3) their education in general: a word at its time. - New edition with appendix to the Berlin edition, in Comm. at W. Dieterici, 1812. Verl. Hausfreund, Berlin 1934. (Contributions to the history of the Jewish community in Berlin / Stern.
  • Speeches of edification. Dedicated to educated Israelites. Berlin 1815-17.
  • Moses Mendelssohn, from Him and about Him. Berlin 1819.
  • On the improvement of the Israelites in the Kingdom of Poland. Berlin 1819.
  • Contribution to the history of the persecution of the Jews in the 19th century by writers. Berlin 1820.

literature

  • Andrea Ajzensztejn: The rise of the Jewish Friedländer family in Königsberg , in: Michael Brocke , Margret Heitmann , Harald Lordick (eds.): On the history and culture of the Jews in East and West Prussia . Hildesheim: Olms, 2000, pp. 377-395
  • Ernst Fraenkel : David Friedländer and his time. In: Journal for the History of the Jews in Germany. Issue 2/1936.
  • Olaf Glöckner : David Friedländer: enlightener, bridge builder, philanthropist . Hentrich & Hentrich, Berlin 2018. ISBN 978-3-95565-269-2 .
  • Heinz Kremers , Julius H. Schoeps (Ed.): The Jewish-Christian religious conversation. Stuttgart, Bonn 1988.
  • Ellen Littmann: Attempt to unite beliefs on the basis of the Enlightenment. David Friedländer's letter to Probst Teller. In: CV-Zeitung No. 15, 1934, 3rd supplement.
  • Uta Lohmann (ed.): David Friedländer. Selected works (German-Jewish authors of the 19th century. Writings on State, Nation, Society, Vol. 4); Cologne / Weimar / Vienna: Böhlau 2013. 322 pp. ISBN 978-3-412-20938-4 .
  • Uta Lohmann: David Friedländer. Reform policy under the sign of enlightenment and emancipation: Contexts of the Prussian Jewish edict of March 11, 1812. Wehrhahn, Hanover 2013, ISBN 978-3-86525-310-1 (dissertation University of Duisburg, Essen 2012, 575 pages).
  • Uta Lohmann: Haskala and general human education. David Friedländer and Wilhelm von Humboldt in conversation. On the interaction between Jewish enlightenment and neo-humanist educational theory, Münster: Waxmann 2020 (Jewish history of education in Germany, volume 9) , ISBN 978-3-8309-4131-6 .
  • Steven M. Lowenstein: The Jewishness of David Friedländer and the Crisis of Berlin Jewry. Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel 1994. (Braun lectures in the History of the Jews in Prussia, No. 3).
  • Michael A. Meyer : David Friedländer. A student's dilemma. In: Michael A. Meyer: From Moses Mendelssohn to Leopolod Zunz. Jewish identity in Germany 1749–1824. Munich 1994, ISBN 3-406-38062-X , pp. 66-98.
  • Jobst Paul: The 'Convergence' Project - Religion of Humanity and Judaism in the 19th Century. In: Margarete Jäger, Jürgen Link (Hrsg.): Power - Religion - Politics. On the renaissance of religious practices and mentalities. Munster 2006.
  • Immanuel Heinrich Ritter : David Friedländer. His life and work in connection with the simultaneous cultural relations and reform efforts in Judaism. Peiser, Berlin 1861.
  • Hans-Joachim Schoeps:  Friedländer, David Joachim. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , p. 452 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Julius H. Schoeps : David Friedländer, friend and student of Moses Mendelssohn. Olms, Hildesheim 2012, 472 pages, ISBN 978-3-487-13960-9 .
  • Klaus-Gunther Wesseling:  Friedländer, David. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 15, Bautz, Herzberg 1999, ISBN 3-88309-077-8 , Sp. 579-585.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )

See also

Web links

Commons : David Friedländer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

swell

  1. ↑ Christoph Schulte: The Jewish Enlightenment. Beck, Munich 2002, p. 94.
  2. ↑ The term came from Julius H. Schoeps (1988)
  3. ^ Jobst Paul (2006)
  4. ^ Jobst Paul (2006)
personal data
SURNAME Friedländer, David
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Friedländer, David Joachim
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German manufacturer and author who campaigned for the emancipation of the Jews in Berlin
DATE OF BIRTH December 6, 1750
PLACE OF BIRTH Königsberg (Prussia)
DATE OF DEATH December 25, 1834
Place of death Berlin