Mathilde Franziska Anneke

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Mathilde Franziska Anneke around 1840,

Mathilde Franziska Anneke (born April 3, 1817 at Gut Oberleveringhausen in Hiddinghausen , today at Sprockhövel , †  November 25, 1884 in Milwaukee , Wisconsin ) was a German writer and journalist and one of the leading figures in the US women's movement .

Life

Gut Oberleveringhausen, birthplace of Mathilde Franziska Anneke

Catholic bourgeois daughter and romantic writer in Westphalia (1817–1847)

Mathilde Franziska Anneke was the oldest child (of a total of twelve children) of the wealthy land and mine owner Karl Giesler and his wife Elisabeth Hülswitt, who came from Lüdinghausen . She received her lessons from private tutors and she was brought up as a conservative Catholic. According to the judgment of contemporaries, Anneke was educated, pretty and with a height of 1.80 m, an imposing figure even as a young woman.

In 1820 the family moved to Blankenstein and in 1834 to Hattingen . The father had speculated about shares in a planned horse-powered coal railway, and the family had to take the financial problems into account. At the age of 19 Mathilde Franziska married the Mülheim wine merchant Alfred Philipp Ferdinand von Tabouillot in 1836 . He took over the debts of his parents, and the Giesler family now had ties to the nobility.

On November 27, 1837, their daughter Johanna ("Fanny") was born. In December 1837 Mathilde Franziska and her daughter left the violent husband, returned to her parents and lived in Wesel on the Lower Rhine for the next few years . Since she had married in the Rhine Province, which was governed by French civil law, she was able to file for divorce. The divorce process lasted from 1838 to 1840, which ended with the wife being found guilty, but being allowed to take her maiden name again and being granted custody of her daughter. Mathilde Franziska and her daughter receive 8 thalers a month for maintenance for a year, which she herself does not consider appropriate.

The divorced woman lived in Münster , where she worked as a writer and soon belonged to the circle around Annette von Droste-Hülshoff . During this time she tried to find solace in the Catholic faith; This found expression u. a. in the publication of two prayer books for women. She later broke with the religion and wrote in the Catholic prayer book for women under the title: "Of gods that man created in his need". In 1840 she published a volume of poetry that contained not only her own but also lyric by Ferdinand Freiligrath , Nikolaus Lenau , Lord Byron and Annette von Droste-Hülshoff. In addition, she also began to work as a journalist, including for the Kölnische Zeitung and the Allgemeine Zeitung , which appeared in Augsburg , at that time the most famous German-language newspaper, for which Heinrich Heine also wrote.

Women's rights activist and revolutionary socialist in Cologne (1847–1849)

At meetings of the democratic association in Minden , she met her future husband, the artillery lieutenant Fritz Anneke , who was also stationed in Münster at the time and who was dishonorably discharged from the Prussian army in 1847 for refusing to duel. Common acquaintances of the Annekes from their time in Münster were the young student Friedrich Hammacher , who would later become one of the most important business leaders in the Ruhr area, and his wife, with whom she also maintained lively correspondence from the USA. On June 3, 1847, she married Fritz Anneke in the Protestant church in Neuwied (the Anneckes are a Protestant family from the Quedlinburg area in what is now Saxony-Anhalt ) and the couple settled in Cologne. There they soon became the center of a communist-aesthetic circle that later became the Cologne workers' association . Her father died on June 26, 1847. Through her husband, Mathilde Franziska Anneke came into contact with daily politics. Mathilde got to know Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels . She was also able to make contact with Georg Herwegh and Ferdinand Lassalle . Through the former, she also got to know the cockchafer association . The Annekes were close friends with Moses Hess , who would later become the father of political Zionism .

When Fritz Anneke was arrested on July 3, 1848, Mathilde founded the Neue Kölnische Zeitung in Cologne , the first edition of which appeared on September 10, but soon fell victim to censorship. Anneke tried to continue it under the disguised title Frauenzeitung (first edition on September 27th), but this too had to stop its publication after the third edition. When Karl Marx was expelled from Cologne in 1849 and his Neue Rheinische Zeitung was banned, in its last issue he recommended that his readers read the Anneke publication . Anneke gave birth to her son Fritz on July 21, 1848. On December 23, 1848, her husband was acquitted in a sensational trial in Berlin.

Lithograph by Friedrich Kaiser . Palatinate revolutionary soldiers 1849, below on the right Mathilda Franziska and Fritz Anneke

Ordonnance officer in the constitutional struggles in the Palatinate and Baden in 1849

During the imperial constitution campaign in 1849 in the Palatinate and Baden, Fritz Anneke commanded the artillery of the Palatinate People's Army, a force of around 1200 men. Anneke's adjutant was the young Carl Schurz . Schurz and other contemporary witnesses unanimously reported with admiration about Anneke's pretty wife, who stood by her husband as orderly and courier. She later published a book about her experiences in the Baden-Palatinate campaign (see below). The Annekes were close to left-wing Volkswehr officers such as Gustav Struve , Wilhelm Liebknecht and Friedrich Engels and were briefly arrested along with them by the Baden revolutionary government because they refused to compromise with the advancing Prussians (the former Prussian officer Anneke would have been executed for treason) . When Prussian troops took the Rastatt fortress on July 23, 1849 , the couple fled to Switzerland via Strasbourg , where they found shelter with their old Cologne friend Moses Hess . When they started into exile from Le Havre in October of the same year , they were accompanied by many forty-eight people .

Suffragette, Headmaster, and Anti-Slavery Activist (US, 1849–1884)

In November 1849 they landed in New York . In March 1850, the Anneke couple settled in Milwaukee . They earned their living by lecturing on German politics and German literature. In addition, Mathilde Franziska became a correspondent for German newspapers in the USA and Germany. a. Like her husband Fritz, she wrote for the most important German-language newspaper at the time, the Augsburger Allgemeine Zeitung . On August 20, 1850, their son Percy Shelley was born, who later became a successful and well-known entrepreneur in Duluth and died in California in 1928. Percy's Fitgers brewery successfully survived prohibition with non-alcoholic soft drinks and boxing ( Max Schmeling boxed for Fitgers in 1928) and later became one of the first breweries in the US to sell canned beer . Percy's son Victor ran the brewery until 1944, it was able to withstand the pressure of the overwhelming corporations in Milwaukee until 1972 and has been a National Historic Monument and themed hotel since 1984 .

Portrait of old age by Mathilde Franziska Anneke

In 1851 Anneke brought her mother and her two sisters Johanna and Maria to Milwaukee. On April 1, 1852, the first edition of her German-language women's newspaper appears in Milwaukee. This was a radical paper entirely in the service of equality. With this publication it earned scorn and ridicule from almost the entire German-language press. It was for this that Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony became aware of them.

In the fall of 1852 they moved to New Jersey . On December 6, 1853, Anneke appeared for the first time in front of an American women's congregation in New York . During this time she also got in touch with the American woman's rights movement . At their congress in New York in 1853, she then gave one of her fiery speeches against prohibition , nationalism , clericalism and gender inequality. Very soon she also began to agitate against slavery with articles and short stories in German-language media and supported the abolitionists .

On December 5, 1855, the twins Herta and Irla were born. On March 6, 1858, the children Fritz and Irla died of smallpox . The father had refused to have his family vaccinated.

In May 1858 they moved back to Milwaukee. Exactly one year later Fritz Anneke left for Europe. On June 21, 1860 his wife, meanwhile seriously ill with liver, followed him to Switzerland. When Fritz Anneke returned to the USA on September 23, 1861, the couple separated, but never officially divorced. Until her return to the USA, Anneke worked as a journalist and also supported Mary Booth in her work. In July or August 1865 Anneke returned to Milwaukee. Just four weeks later, she and her friend Cecilia Kapp founded the Milwaukee Daughter Institute . Kapp later became a professor at Vassar College and was the cousin of the writer and politician Friedrich Kapp . This girls' school held all of its lessons in German and was in operation for 18 years.

Her mother died in December of the same year. In 1869, Anneke was a co-founder of the Wisconsin Woman Suffrage Association . For this association she appeared at several congresses of the National Woman Suffrage Association and was also elected its first vice-president.

Fritz Anneke died in Chicago on December 6, 1872 . In an accident in July 1876, her right hand was paralyzed and from then on she had to dictate everything. The following autumn, their eldest daughter, Fanny, died. On June 5, 1880, Mathilde Franziska appeared in public for the last time and gave a widely acclaimed speech at the Women's Congress in Milwaukee.

Mathilde Franziska Anneke died in Milwaukee at the age of 67. During the funeral celebrations, Charles Hermann Boppe gave a moving eulogy. Her grave is in Forest Home Cemetery , Section 15, Block 3, Lot 2.

Honors

On November 10, 1988 (first day of issue ), the Deutsche Bundespost honored Mathilde Franziska Anneke with a stamp in the series Women of German History .

At the Cologne town hall tower , Mathilde Anneke was honored with a sculpture at the instigation of the Cologne Women's History Association and financed by the Cologne Working Group of Social Democratic Women (ARSP).

Since 2010, the cities of Hattingen and Sprockhövel have been awarding the Anneke Prize for “outstanding services in the field of women's rights”.

Streets, squares, buildings, facilities that are named after Mathilde Anneke

  • Cologne-Ossendorf : Franziska-Anneke-Str.
  • Münster : Mathilde-Anneke-Weg and since February 5, 2018 the comprehensive school Münster-Ost has been called Mathilde-Anneke-Gesamtschule, Städtische Gesamtschule.
  • Offenburg : Mathilde-F.-Anneke-Str.
  • Sprockhövel : Mathilde-Anneke-Str. and since January 1, 2014 the local secondary school has been called Mathilde-Anneke-Schule
  • Viernheim : Mathilde-Franziska-Anneke-Str.
  • Wesel : Franziska-Anneke-Weg
  • Milwaukee : Infoladen The Mathilde Anneke Infoshop in social center Cream City Collectives

Works

  • The Christian's joyful look to the eternal Father . Wesel 1839
  • The home greeting. A Pentecost gift . Johann Bagel, Wesel 1840. Goethe University Frankfurt am Main
  • Ladies Almanac . August Prinz, Wesel 1842. Digitized Archive.org
  • Oithono or the temple consecration (1842)
  • The Broken Chains (1844)
  • Woman in Conflict with Social Conditions (1847)
  • The political tendency trial against Gottschalk, Anneke and Esser. Negotiated before the Assisen court in Cologne on December 21, 22 and 23, 1848. Ed. according to the files, according to communications from the accused and according to shorthand records of the oral proceedings . Verlag Neue Kölnische Zeitung, Cologne 1848. University of Cologne
  • Memoirs of a woman from the Baden-Palatinate campaign . F. Anneke, Newmark 1853.
  • The haunted house in New York. A novel . Hermann Constable, Jena 1864. MDZ Reader
  • Reader Mathilde Franziska Anneke. Ed. And epilogue by Enno Stahl . Bielefeld, Aisthesis 2015. (= Nylands Kleine Westfälische Bibliothek. 49.) ISBN 978-3-8498-1108-2 . ( Table of contents [PDF file].)

literature

  • Diana Ecker: Freedom's short summer. In Mathilde Franziska Anneke's footsteps through the Palatinate-Baden revolution of 1849 . regional culture publishing house, Ubstadt-Weiher, 2012, ISBN 978-3-89735-727-3 .
  • Manfred Gebhard : Mathilde Franziska Anneke. New life, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-355-00477-4 .
  • Martin Henkel and Rolf Taubert: Woman in Conflict with Social Conditions. Mathilde Franziska Anneke and the first German women's newspaper . Verlag edition égalité, Bochum 1976, ISBN 3-88153-001-0 .
  • Karin Hockamp: “ With a lot of spirit and great kindness of heart” - Mathilde Franziska Anneke (1817–1884) , City of Sprockhövel & City of Hattingen, 2012, ISBN 978-3-8196-0881-0 .
  • Karin Hockamp, ​​Wilfried Korngiebel, Susanne Slobodzian (eds.): Reason commands us to be free! Mathilde Franziska Anneke (1817-1884). Democrat, women's rights activist, writer , Münster 2018, ISBN 978-3-89691-284-8 .
  • Karin Hockamp: “ With a lot of spirit and great kindness of heart” - Mathilde Franziska Anneke (1817–1884). (PDF; 182 kB) Sprockhövel city archive, 2010, accessed on December 29, 2012 (second, revised edition; 30 pages without images).
  • Marlene Jochem. “Isn't freedom for us all?” Bourgeois women and the revolution of 1848/49. In: Erich Schneider and Jürgen Kreddigkeit (eds.). The Palatinate Revolution 1848/49 . Kaiserslautern 1999, pp. 73-84 ISBN 3-9805946-3-7
  • Erhard Kiehnbaum (Ed.): “Stay healthy, my dearest son Fritz…”, Mathilde Franziska Anneke's letters to Friedrich Hammacher , 1846–1849 . Argument-Verlag, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-88619-652-6 . (= Scientific Communications, Issue 4)
  • Erhard Kiehnbaum: "I confess, the rule of the curse-worthy 'democracy' of this country makes me sad ...". Mathilda Franziska Anneke's letters to Franziska and Friedrich Hammacher 1860–1884. For the 200th birthday . Argument Verlag, Hamburg 2017. ISBN 978-3-86754-684-3 . (= Scientific Communications Issue 8)
  • Norgard Kohlhagen: More than just a shadow of happiness. The story of Mathilde Franziska Anneke, who rode in the 1849 Baden-Palatinate campaign . rororo Rotfuchs, 1990, ISBN 3-499-20557-2 .
  • Walter Kunze:  Anneke, Mathilde Franziska, née Giesler. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 303 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Susan L. Piepke: Mathilde Franziska Anneke - The Life and Works of a German-American Activist : Peter Lang Inc., USA, ISBN 9780820479132 . (with English translations of "The Woman in Conflict with Social Conditions" and "Broken Chains")
  • Klaus Schmidt: Mathilde Franziska and Fritz Anneke. From the pioneering days of democracy and women's movements . Joachim Schmidt von Schwind Verlag, Cologne 1999, ISBN 3-932050-14-2 .
  • Maria Wagner: Mathilde Anneke's Stories of Slavery in the German-American Press . In: MELUS . Volume 6, No. 4, Non-Traditional Genres (Winter, 1979), pp. 9-16.
  • Maria Wagner: Mathilda Franziska Anneke in testimonials and documents . Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1980, ISBN 3-596-22051-3 . (= The woman in society. Life stories )

Web links

Wikisource: Mathilde Franziska Anneke  - sources and full texts
Commons : Mathilde Franziska Anneke  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Illustration from: Der Märker. Home page for the area of ​​the former County Mark . 9th year 1860. May / Issue 5, p. 123. (Quoted from Marie Wagner: Mathilde Franziska Anneke , p. 440.)
  2. ↑ Karin Hockamp: "" From a lot of spirit and great goodness of the heart ". Mathilde Franziska Anneke (1817–1884)" , texts from the city archive, Sprockhövel 2010, accessed on March 30, 2018, p. 3.
  3. ^ Wilhelm Schulte: Westphalian heads. 300 life pictures of important Westphalians. Aschendorff, Münster, 1963. 3rd edition 1984. Page 10, ISBN 340205700X
  4. ↑ Anna Börger: "Mathilde Franziska Anneke (1817-1884). Development of a pioneer of basic human rights" , Münster 2009, accessed on March 26, 2018, p. 7.
  5. ↑ Her husband Fritz Anneke was 5 feet and 6.5 inches tall. (Marie Wagner: Mathilde Franziska Anneke , p. 32) This corresponds to about 173.95 cm. She is smaller than her husband in contemporary illustrations. In addition, no evidence is given for the above-mentioned height of 1.80 m.
  6. ↑ Karin Hockamp: "" From a lot of spirit and great goodness of heart ". Mathilde Franziska Anneke (1817–1884)" , texts from the city archives, Sprockhövel 2010, p. 5.
  7. ↑ Karin Hockamp: "" From a lot of spirit and great goodness of heart ". Mathilde Franziska Anneke (1817–1884)" , texts from the city archive, Sprockhövel 2010, p. 6.
  8. ↑ ibid.
  9. ^ Anna Börger: "Mathilde Franziska Anneke (1817-1884). Development of a pioneer of basic human rights" , Münster 2009, p. 8.
  10. ^ Anna Börger: "Mathilde Franziska Anneke (1817-1884). Development of a pioneer of basic human rights" , Münster 2009, p. 9.
  11. ↑ Remembrance days on hpd
  12. ↑ To find the lost drama: Enno Stahl : Frauenrechtlerin Anneke. Builder Oithono . In: Frankfurter Rundschau . April 22, 2015.
  13. ↑ Texts against slavery in the USA, new edition by Heinz in Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-88099-610-5
  14. ^ Reprint (excerpt) in the Belletrisitschen Journal . 7th Vol., New York 1859, pp. 740 ff.
  15. ^ New edition under the title Mutterland bei Tende in Münster 1982, ISBN 3-88633-045-1
personal data
SURNAME Anneke, Mathilde Franziska
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Giesler, Mathilde Franziska (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-American writer and journalist
DATE OF BIRTH April 3, 1817
PLACE OF BIRTH Hiddinghausen , today at Sprockhövel
DATE OF DEATH November 25, 1884
Place of death Milwaukee , Wisconsin