Friedrich Hammacher

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Friedrich Hammacher

Friedrich Adolf Hammacher (born May 1, 1824 in Essen , † December 11, 1904 in Charlottenburg near Berlin) was a German industrial lawyer, business leader and member of the Reichstag.

Life

The son of a vinegar manufacturer attended the Royal High School on Burgplatz in Essen , where he graduated from high school in 1841 . He then studied at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University in Bonn and at the Friedrich-Wilhelms University in Berlin law . He completed his legal clerkship at the Higher Regional Court in Münster . In April 1856 he received his doctorate from the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen .

Even during his studies he had contact with socialist circles. From 1848 he was a member of the Essen Democratic Party. After the dissolution of the Prussian National Assembly , he was active in the fight against the government. As a leader he was between November 1848 and April 1849 in custody and has been suspended from duty. Although he was acquitted of all charges, he was removed from civil service in 1850 as a disciplinary measure. Since he was also denied admission as a lawyer , he worked as a consultant and appraiser for a law firm in Mülheim an der Ruhr .

From 1853 he was a city councilor for the city of Mülheim an der Ruhr. After moving to Essen in 1856, he became a city councilor there. On June 9, 1859, he was appointed unpaid alderman under Mayor Ernst Heinrich Lindemann for six years . He was re-elected after the end of his first term, but was confirmed in this office by the Prussian government.

From its founding on December 27, 1858 to February 21, 1890, he was chairman and from 1890 until his death an honorary member of the Mining Association in Essen, which he was instrumental in founding.

As a member of parliament, he represented the Duisburg-Mülheim constituency from 1881 to 1898 in the Reichstag , in which he had previously represented the Lauenburg constituency from 1877 to 1879 and the Halle an der Saale constituency from 1871 to 1874. For the constituency of Halle adSaale he was a member of the North German Reichstag from 1869 to 1871 . He was a member of the Prussian House of Representatives from 1863 to 1898. Initially a member of the German Progressive Party , he resigned from the Progressive Party faction on August 21, 1867 and was one of the founders of the National Liberal Party .

Hammacher was also involved in questions of colonial policy. He was involved in the establishment of the German Colonial Association in 1882 and acted as its 1st chairman from 1886. From January 1, 1888, he was Deputy President of the newly founded German Colonial Society . In 1885 he also founded, the German Colonial Society of South West Africa , a consortium of the April 3, 1885 Adolf Lüderitz acquired Lüderitz country and its liabilities and rights, including especially the mining rights acquired. Hammacher became the first deputy chairman of this organization and was subsequently also involved in the founding of the New Guinea company .

In 1888 he became an honorary citizen of the city of Mülheim. In the same year he became an honorary citizen of Duisburg , Essen, Ruhrort and, from 1898, also of Meiderich .

In 1889 he negotiated with the strike leadership during the Ruhr miners' strike. He conducted these negotiations in his function as chairman of the Association for Mining Interests in the Dortmund District Mining Authority and, after lengthy consultations with the miners' representatives, agreed on a compromise that was recorded in the so-called Berlin Protocol and that was to be advised on the side of the entrepreneurs and miners. While the miners' assembly of delegates in Bochum approved the compromise, the mine owners only agreed to agree to a weakened version of the compromise negotiated by Hammacher after an intervention by Kaiser Wilhelm II on May 18, 1889.

His path in life from the young revolutionary in 1848, in which he was friends with the socialist couple Fritz and Mathilde Franziska Anneke , to the state economic leader and entrepreneur of the empire from 1871 is typical of the development of the liberal German bourgeoisie in the second half of the 19th century . He demonstrated his persistent liberal attitude, among other things, in the fact that he gave his daughters good lessons and hired Helene Lange .

Hammacher joined the Corps Guestphalia Bonn in 1842 . In 1894 he became an honorary member of the corps. He was also a member of the Alfred zur Linde Freemason Lodge in Essen , where he initiated the establishment of the charitable foundation for the best people in need of the advanced training school .

Friedrich Hammacher died in 1904 at the age of 80 in Charlottenburg near Berlin. He was buried in the Old Twelve Apostles Cemetery in Schöneberg near Berlin. The grave has not been preserved.

His son Karl von Hammacher became police chief in Aachen.

Activities as a mine owner

Hammacher owned numerous shares (kuxe) in mines at home and abroad. He was a co-founder of the first deep coal mines in the Ruhr area, including the Pluto-Thies colliery founded on July 10, 1856 (directors: Heinrich Thies (Essen), Friedrich Hammacher (Essen), Julius Scheidt (Kettwig), Gustav Runde (Braunschweig), deputy) .: Heinrich Kirchweger (Hanover), Wilhelm Schieß (Magdeburg)). In Magdeburg he was a co-founder of the "Magdeburger Bergwerks-AG", which had share capital of 500,000 Reichstalers. Hermann Alexander Zuckschwerdt and Christian Friedrich Budenberg from Magdeburg, Friedrich Grillo , Friedrich Scherenberg and Friedrich Hammacher from Essen were among the first board members of the AG, which operated the “Königsgrube” colliery near Röhlinghausen . They were jokingly called the "Three Friedriche".

To strengthen the coal industry in the Ruhr area, Hammacher also campaigned for the construction of an Emscher Canal (today the Rhine-Herne Canal ). In March 1857, Hammacher was a co-founder of the Essen committee for the construction of this canal. He advocated the construction of a north route via Münster. After corresponding proposals failed first in the Prussian House of Representatives (1882) and then in the Prussian mansion (1883), the law to build the Dortmund-Ems Canal as part of a waterway from the Rhine over the Weser to the Elbe was passed on June 10, 1886. Hammacher also advocated the construction of the canal in the Reichstag and took an active part in the preparation of the planning and the draft law.

It is thanks to his knowledge and contacts that the silver-lead-zinc mine on the Biberwierer Silberleithe / Tyrol, of which he was co-owner, had its last heyday from 1880 to 1921. There the Friedrich-Hammacher-Stollen and the mountain house of the former material cable car (Friedrich-Hammacher-Haus) are named in his honor.

Honors

  • According to him, that is Hammacher street in Essen and the Dr.-Hammacher-Straße in Duisburg-Ruhrort named.
  • Honorary citizen of Essen, Duisburg and Mülheim an der Ruhr
  • Franz von Lenbach painted Hammacher as a business leader

Memberships

literature

  • Alex Bein, Hans Goldschmidt: Friedrich Hammacher - Life picture of a parliamentarian and business leader 1824-1904. ES Mittler & Sohn, Berlin 1932.
  • Essen heads - who was what? Richard Bracht, Essen 1985, ISBN 3-87034-037-1 .
  • Eckhard Hansen, Florian Tennstedt (Eds.) U. a .: Biographical lexicon on the history of German social policy from 1871 to 1945 . Volume 1: Social politicians in the German Empire 1871 to 1918. Kassel University Press, Kassel 2010, ISBN 978-3-86219-038-6 , p. 63 f. ( Online , PDF; 2.2 MB).
  • Erhard Kiehnbaum (Ed.): "Had I become a millionaire by chance, my attitudes and convictions would not have suffered as a result ..." - Friedrich Anneke's letters to Friedrich Hammacher 1846-1859. Friedrich-Engels-Haus, Wuppertal 1998, ISBN 3-87707-518-5 .
  • Erhard Kiehnbaum (Ed.): “Stay healthy, my dearest son Fritz…” Mathilde Franziska Anneke's letters to Friedrich Hammacher, 1846–1849. Argument-Verlag, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-88619-652-6 .
  • Stefan Przigoda: Friedrich Hammacher and the mining association. In: Essen contributions - contributions to the history of the city and monastery of Essen. Volume 116, Essen 2004, pp. 149–170.
  • Kurt Unbehau: The honorary citizens of the city of Mülheim an der Ruhr . Mülheim an der Ruhr 1974, pp. 22-26.
  • Friedrich Zunkel:  Hammacher, Friedrich Adolf. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 588 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Erhard Kiehnbaum: "I confess, the rule of the curse-worthy 'democracy' of this country makes me sad ...". Mathilda Franziska Anneke's letters to Franziska and Friedrich Hammacher 1860-1884. For the 200th birthday . Argument Verlag, Hamburg 2017. ISBN 978-3-86754-684-3

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Friedrich Zunkel:  Hammacher, Friedrich Adolf. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 588 f. ( Digitized version ).
  2. ^ Gerhard Gebhardt: Ruhr mining. History, structure and interdependence of its societies and organizations. Glückauf Verlag, Essen 1957, p. 21, p. 509.
  3. ^ Fritz Specht, Paul Schwabe: The Reichstag elections from 1867 to 1903. Statistics of the Reichstag elections together with the programs of the parties and a list of the elected representatives. 2nd Edition. Carl Heymann Verlag, Berlin 1904, pp. 100, 114, 167.
  4. ↑ cf. also: Reichstag Bureau (ed.): Official Reichstag manual. Ninth legislative period 1893/98. Verlag von Trowitzsch & Sohn, Berlin 1893, p. 174.
  5. ^ Gerhard Eisfeld: The emergence of the liberal parties in Germany 1858-1870. Verlag für Literatur und Zeitgeschehen, Hannover 1969, p. 180.
  6. ^ Gerhard Eisfeld: The emergence of the liberal parties in Germany 1858-1870. Verlag für Literatur und Zeitgeschehen, Hannover 1969, p. 187, p. 190f.
  7. ↑ Michael Dorrmann: Eduard Arnhold (1849-1925). A biographical study of entrepreneurship and patronage in the German Empire . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2002, p. 80.
  8. ^ German Colonial Society for South West Africa. In: Heinrich Schnee (Ed.): German Colonial Lexicon. Quelle & Meyer, Leipzig 1920, Volume I, pp. 305 ff., Accessed on December 12, 2014.
  9. ^ Friedrich Hammacher. In: Heinrich Schnee (Ed.): German Colonial Lexicon. Quelle & Meyer, Leipzig 1920, Volume II, p. 15, accessed on June 30, 2020.
  10. ↑ A subsequent memorandum by Hammacher on this strike is printed in: Collection of sources for the history of German social policy 1867 to 1914 . Section II: From the Imperial Social Message to the February decrees of Wilhelm II (1881–1890). Volume 4: Labor Law. edited by Wilfried Rudloff. Darmstadt 2008, No. 111.
  11. ↑ Horst Bartel et al.: The Socialist Law 1878–1890. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1980, p. 276.
  12. ↑ Helene Lange: Memoirs. Berlin: Herbig, 1925, chap. 11.
  13. ↑ Kösener Corpslisten 1960, 10/309
  14. ^ Hans-Jürgen Mende: Lexicon of Berlin burial places . Pharus-Plan, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-86514-206-1 , p. 752.
personal data
SURNAME Hammacher, Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hammacher, Friedrich Adolf (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer and politician (DHP), MdR and business leader
DATE OF BIRTH May 1, 1824
PLACE OF BIRTH eat
DATE OF DEATH December 11, 1904
Place of death Berlin-Charlottenburg