Pluto colliery

Pluto colliery
General information about the mine
Landmark of the Pluto-Wilhelm colliery: the 56-meter-high Doppelbock above shaft 3
Mining technology	Underground mining
Funding / year	Max. 1,251,140 t
Information about the mining company
Employees	up to 4655
Start of operation	1862
End of operation	1976
Funded raw materials
Degradation of	Bituminous coal / coal iron stone
Degradation of	Coal iron stone
Geographical location
Coordinates	51 ° 31 '56.9 "  N , 7 ° 8' 33.4"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 31 '56.9 "  N , 7 ° 8' 33.4"  E
Location Pluto colliery
Location	Wanne-Eickel
local community	Herne
Independent city ( NUTS3 )	Herne
country	State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country	Germany
District	Ruhr area

The Pluto colliery was a hard coal mine in Herne in the Wanne-Eickel district . The mine was initially run under the name Zeche St. Nicolaus and was later renamed to Zeche Pluto. The name of the mine is based on the Greek god Pluto , the god of the underworld. The Pluto colliery was one of the founding members of the Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate . In addition, the Bergbau-Aktien-Gesellschaft Pluto was one of the founding members of the association for mining interests. In the second half of the 19th century, the mine was one of the most important collieries in the Arnsberg administrative district .

history

The beginnings

In 1850 the first test drillings were carried out in the municipality of Bickern, which belongs to the Herne district . In 1854, the approval for the St. Remigius, St. Michael and St. Nikolaus pit fields was introduced. The field ownership was initially with the Schwelmer Freiherr Levin von Elverfeldt and the Opherdicker Kammerherr von Lilien. In the year 1855 the mutation for the fields St. Margaretha, St. Rupertus and Glückliches Ende was inserted and in May the field St. Nicolaus, St. Michael and St. Remigius was awarded and later in the year the field St. Margaretha and St. Rupertus. At the beginning, the name St. Nikolaus was common for the colliery. The mine property was sold to the mining assessor Heinrich Thies . In 1856 he advertised in newspapers and written handwriting to well-known investors to establish a stock corporation. For the security of the donors, Thies had a geological report prepared by the mountain jury Karl Barth. The positive appraisal and the proximity to the main line of the Cologne-Mindener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft , which opened in 1845, prompted investors to subscribe to 1,600 shares at 500 Taler each. On July 10, 1856, the stock corporation and with it the Pluto colliery were constituted at a founding meeting in Essen . Among other things, the Essen lawyer and Reichstag member Friedrich Hammacher participated in the company. A 1.6 meter deep exploratory shaft was then sunk. In 1857, work began on the first shaft in the St. Nicolaus field. The shaft was located near the Cologne-Minden railway line. Shaft 1 was named after Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Thies with the name Schacht Thies. At that time the name Pluto was used for the mine, which at that time belonged to the Bochum mining area .

In 1858 the carbon was reached at a depth of 149 meters . In the same year a field swap was carried out. The Alma field was surrendered and part of the Namur field was taken over. This field was consolidated with the St. Remigius field . The mine was renamed Pluto Colliery. The authorized person comprised seven square fields with a total area of ​​1.56 million square meters. Shaft 1 had meanwhile reached a depth of 96 laughs . Due to the water inflow, it was necessary to create a watertight shaft wall in the upper area . The foot of the wall was built at a depth of 80.5 peaks. The water to pump out one was dewatering machine with an output of 310 hp installed. The first level was set at a depth of 192 meters (−140 m above sea ​​level ) . This sole initially served as a weather sole . The sinking work on the shaft continued and the second level was set in 1860 at a depth of 244 meters (−192 m NN). On the first Bausohle (2. sole) were crosscuts south and north ascended . and the funding is initially provided for personal use. In 1861 the pit was connected to the line operated by the Cologne-Minden Railway Company with a track. Eight seams were approached with the cross-passages on the 2nd level in 1861 . The seams had a southerly dip of 44 gons and were between 30 and 156 inches in thickness . In the same year, a further eight seams were exposed on the first level with the northern weather crosscut. In 1862 the seven square fields were consolidated into Pluto, the rights holders covered an area of ​​6.8 km, ² added an ore rights holder. A Malakow tower was erected above the shaft , in which a hoisting machine with 120 hp was in service.

The first years of operation

Regular mining began in 1862 . Of the already digested seams in the southern area the seams Nos. 4 and no. 5 and in the northern part of the field the seam no. 3 Verhieb taken. The alignment and installation work was continued on the 2nd level. The cross passage to the south was driven further by 43¼ Lachter. The northern cross passage on the 1st level was driven 93¾ Lachter further. With this cross passage an alternating fault in which seams 2 and 3 were located twice was penetrated. The following year, a weather furnace was built over the surface . In addition, other daytime facilities were built in the following period , such as a wash house for 800 miners , a hoisting machine room, the storage room , a joinery, a forge , offices, a screening plant and a boiler house with four steam boilers . The chimney of the boiler house was connected to the weather stove. In addition, a small coking plant with four Schaumburger ovens was put into operation. Underground, four unworthy seams were crossed with the southern cross passage of the 2nd level . The following year the coking plant was expanded. In 1865, the northern cross passage on the second level reached an approach length of 187 Lachtern. Several fissures were hit in the sandstone, which led to a lot of brine. Towards the end of the year, a new twin hoisting machine with an output of 150 hp was put into operation above ground.

In 1867 the sinking work on shaft 1 was resumed and the shaft was sunk deeper. In the distance promotion were from this year pit pony used. A mechanical coal separation plant was built above ground. In 1869, the third level was set in the shaft at a depth of 323 meters (−271 m above sea level). The fixture work could only be carried out to a very limited extent this year. The reasons for this were, on the one hand, the strong mountain pressure and, on the other hand, numerous storage problems. On April 30 of the same year there was a firedamp explosion at the mine , in which three miners were killed. In the same year the coke ovens were replaced by 26 new Coppee coke ovens. In order to improve the ventilation of the mine workings, a mine ventilator was put into operation in 1870. In addition, a new coal washing plant was put into operation. At that time, the mine was now part of the Recklinghausen mining district. To improve ventilation, the sinking work for another shaft was started in 1873. Shaft 2 was named Shaft Wilhelm. The name Wilhelm was chosen in honor of the royal / imperial regents. The shaft was set up in the north field 1.3 kilometers from the Thies shaft. The following year, the Wilhelm shaft reached the Carboniferous at a depth of 180 meters. In the same year, the first level was set at a depth of 203 meters (−155 m above sea level) and the second level at a depth of 230 meters (−182 m above sea level).

The further expansion

The monument for 23 of the firedamp victims, threatened with decay ...

... and the name board

Monument in the cemetery on Herzogstrasse

In 1875, another weather shaft was sunk, which was later called shaft 6. The shaft was set up 350 meters south of shaft 1 and the shaft reached the carboniferous at a depth of 142 meters. In October 1875, mining began in shaft 2. and the mining of coal iron was stopped. In 1876 the first floor of the weather shaft 6 penetrated and a weather floor was added at a depth of 162 meters (−110 m above sea level). A weather stove was set up on the weather bed and the shaft was put into operation as a weather shaft. In 1877 a breakthrough was made between the Thies and Wilhelm shafts. On September 17, 1876, there was another firedamp explosion, in which three miners lost their lives. In the following years the Wilhelm branch was further expanded. In 1878 the sinking work on shaft 2 was resumed and the third level was set in the shaft. In 1880, shaft 1 was also sunk deeper and the fourth level was set at a depth of 404 meters (−352 m above sea level). The sinking work on shaft 1 was continued in 1882. On May 10 of the same year another firedamp explosion occurred, killing 67 miners. Shaft 6 was sunk deeper to the second level in 1882. In 1883, the first Otto Hoffmann coke ovens in the Ruhr area were put into operation at Shaft 1, which also produced tar. In 1885, the sinking work on shaft 2 was resumed and the fourth level was set. In addition, the sinking work on shaft 1 was continued and in 1887 the 5th level was set at a depth of 503 meters (−451 m above sea level). A breakthrough was created between shafts 1 and 2 on the 4th level. In 1888, shaft 6 was sunk deeper to the third level. In the same year there was a defect in the drainage system at Schacht Thies , so that the 5th level was under water for months. On July 3, 1891, a strong water vein was drilled on the fourth level. The tusks working there feared at first that the Emscher would have broken through. The water, however, was natural brine at a temperature of up to 28 degrees. Authorization was granted for the brine and it was later used as a healing brine. In the same year, the sinking work on shaft 2 was stopped at a depth of 595 meters. On August 7, 1892, a fire broke out in the coal washing and loading facility on the Wilhelm branch. In 1893, the sinking work for shaft 3 next to shaft 2 began. The shaft was sunk deeper in the following years and the shaft system was further expanded. By 1894, shaft 3 had been sunk to the fourth level. In 1895, the excavation work on the Thies shaft was resumed and the 6th level was set at a depth of 606 meters (−554 m above sea level). The 5th level was set in shaft 2 and shaft 3 (weather shaft 3) sunk deeper to the 5th level, and production was started at the shaft. In 1896, the 6th level was set in shaft 2 at a depth of 595 meters (−546 m above sea level). On March 17, 1897, there was a coal dust explosion in the Shaft 2 construction site , killing eight miners. In the same year, a coking plant was put into operation at shaft 2. In 1898, the Thies cross passage was driven further north on the 6th level to the main thrust. Seam 5 was approached in a southerly direction with the cross passage. On the 5th level, the western field behind the consolidation fault was opened up further. Mining was carried out in the Wilhelm shaft in the gas coal seams on the 4th level and in the Thies construction field on the 4th and 5th level. In the Wilhelm shaft construction site, a total of 13 seams were in operation, six of which were with tailings , the other seven seams were made of pure coal. The thickness of the seams was between 0.8 and 2.2 meters, for the seams with sedimentation the thickness of the sedimentation was between 0.05 and 0.3 meters. On the construction site of the Thies shaft, a total of 16 seams with a thickness of 0.6 to 3.0 meters were being cut, six of which were seams with mining components, the other ten seams were made of pure coal. In the seams with rock material, the thickness of the rock material was between 0.05 and 0.6 meters. At this point in time, mining in the gas coal seams was nearing the end, and fat coal seams had meanwhile also been developed. The necessary systems for the processing of the fatty coals, such as B. the coal washer built. In addition, a new, larger compressor was installed, as well as a ring kiln brick and central condensation facility. A new winder has started to be installed. At that time the mine belonged to the Gelsenkirchen mining district.

The further operation

In 1899, the sinking work for weather shaft 4 began. The shaft was placed next to shaft 1. At the end of the 19th century, the Thies division was expanded to create a double-shaft system (shaft 1/4). In addition, an expansion to the Pluto-Wilhelm double shaft system with shafts 2 and 3 took place at this time. Since the Schalker Verein smelting works did not have its own coal and coke reserves in the immediate vicinity, the company achieved a merger with the neighboring Pluto colliery. As a result, the Pluto mine became the property of the Schalker Gruben- und Hütten-Verein stock corporation. In 1900 the weather shaft 4 reached the 3rd level. In 1901 the 6th level was set in shaft 4 and production started that same year. In the following year, shaft 3 was sunk to level 6. In 1903, excavation work on shaft 1 was resumed and the 7th level was set at a depth of 705 meters (−653 m above sea level). In 1906, the sinking work for shaft 5 began in the south of the Pluto field. The shaft was sunk 930 meters west of the 1/4 operation. In addition, the daytime facilities and the coking plant were further expanded at this time. The expansion of the coking plant had become absolutely necessary in order to be able to cover the coke requirements of the Schalke iron and steel works as far as possible with their own coke. In the following period, part 2/3 of the operation was expanded to become the main conveyor system.

In 1907, shaft 5 reached the Carboniferous at a depth of 146 meters. At that time, the rights holders covered an area of ​​6.8 km ² . On March 13 of the same year, the Pluto colliery passed from the Schalker Gruben- und Hütten-Verein joint-stock company to the Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks-AG (GBAG). In the following year, the 5th level was reached with shaft 5 and the shaft was put into operation. In 1909 the shafts were sunk further up to the 4th level. In 1910, production in the Thies shaft was stopped and the 6th shaft was sunk to the 6th level. From the 5th level, the shaft was sunk with a smaller shaft cross-section . Shaft 1 was filled and re-sunk, and in 1912, shaft 1 was put back into operation up to the 7th level. In the following year, next to the Wilhelm shaft, the sinking work for shaft 7 began. On June 24, 1914, three miners were killed in a rock fall. In the following year, shaft 7 reached the 5th level. In 1916, shaft 7 was penetrated by the 7th level excavated by the Thies shaft. On July 9, 1917, there was an explosive and subsequent coal dust explosion in the Wilhelm construction site, killing 14 miners. In the following year, shaft 7 went into production and shaft 2 was stopped. The shaft was converted into a weather shaft. In 1919, shafts 3 to 7th level were put into operation.

The other years

Grimberg harbor, Wilhelm shaft in the background

In 1924, the United Steel Works AG was founded, which also took over the mine ownership of GBAG. In 1926 the Pluto colliery was incorporated into the Gelsenkirchen group of the mining department of Vereinigte Stahlwerke AG. On June 26, 1927, the coking plant was shut down on the Thies branch. The Thies mine field has now been added to the Wilhelm construction field. For reasons of rationalization, the production was concentrated on shaft 3 (Wilhelm). The shaft at the Group's own port of Grimberg on the Rhine-Herne Canal offered better conditions for transporting the coal. Most of the daytime facilities on operating part 1/4 were demolished. The shafts remained open. On March 31 of the following year, the coking plant on part 2/3 of the plant was shut down. In 1931, the Alma mine, with the operations 1/2/5, was taken over by the closed Rheinelbe & Alma colliery . As a result of this takeover, the rights holders now covered an area of ​​10.5 km ² . In 1941 the sinking work on shaft 4 was resumed and the 8th level was set at a depth of 810 meters (−758 m above sea level). In the same year there was an explosion at the coking plant. In this accident, which occurred on October 23 in the tar distillation, nine employees were killed. In the same year a part of the field was leased from the already closed Hibernia colliery. In 1943, shaft 3 was backfilled so that it could then be re-sunk. In the following year, work began on re-sinking shaft 3 with a larger cross-section. Shaft 6 was put into operation this year up to the 7th level. On November 8 of the same year, the Thies part of the business was badly damaged by air raids.

On February 23, 1945, the prisoner-of-war camp was badly damaged in an Allied bombing raid. 125 prisoners of war were killed in the attack. On April 4th and 5th of the same year the Wilhelm operating part was damaged by artillery fire. In August 1945, the Neuteufen was Schacht 3 deferred . After the Second World War, the United Steel Works was broken up. The shafts on Pluto were subsequently sunk deeper. Production at Pluto colliery was resumed shortly after the end of the Second World War, despite the destruction of the daily facilities. The main lift level was the 7th level. From 1946 the sinking work on shaft 3 was resumed. In 1949, work began on digging shaft 3 from level 6 onwards. At this point in time, the mine had three production levels. This was the 7th level in the Wilhelm construction site, the 4th level in the Thies construction site and the 6th level in the Alma construction site. In 1950, the rights covered an area of ​​8.2 km ² . In the following year, shafts 3 to 8th level were put into operation. In 1952, mining began on the 8th level. Between 1953 and 1963 the outdated daytime facilities on the Pluto-Wilhelm mine were completely renewed. According to the plans of the industrial architects Fritz Schupp and Martin Kremmer , a 56 m high modern headframe was erected above shaft 3 based on shaft 12 of the Zollverein colliery . In the same year, the 9th level was set in shaft 3 at a depth of 940 meters (−890 m above sea level). Shaft 3 has been expanded to become a central shaft. In 1954 the central shaft was put into operation.

The last few years

In 1956 the 8th level became the main extraction level. In 1960, shaft 4 was converted into a weather shaft. In 1963 the Thies shaft was backfilled. In the following year, shaft 6 was dropped . The mine now had five shafts in operation. Alignment work on the 9th level began in 1966. In 1968 the Ruhrkohle AG was founded and the Pluto colliery was incorporated into the newly founded Ruhrkohle AG. The mine was affiliated to the "Bergbau AG Essen". From 1971, a joint plant management team was formed with the Zeche Consolidation . In 1973 the 9th level became the main extraction level. On March 31, 1976, production on Pluto was stopped. The construction site and the shafts were taken over by the Consolidation colliery. The employees still working on Pluto were taken over by the Zeche Consolidation. Consolidation reduced the remaining coal reserves in the Pluto construction site in the following years.

Promotion and workforce

Workforce in Ruhr mining
year	Workforce	Promotion in t
1860	97	2671
1865	435	103,709
1866	537	131,887
1870	576	138.182
1875	1150	229,956
1880	1567	402.715
1885	2052	518.893
1890	2233	572,693
1900	3940	955.382
1905	4512	1,015,643
1913	4655	1,251,140
1915	3413	877.990
1920	4664	838,700
1925	3940	820,000
1930	2425	769,000
1935	1545	640.360
1940	2301	842,000
1945	1711	211,770
1950	3013	669.770
1955	2870	792,000
1970	2102	940,000
1975	1640	1,080,000

The first workforce at the mine dates back to 1858, in that year 107 people were employed at the mine. The colliery developed into a large mine by the First World War, with the highest extraction rate being achieved in 1913 at 1,251,140 tons. In the following years, the production declined with brief peaks at the beginning of the Second World War and before the merger with the Zeche Consolidation. The last sponsorship and workforce figures are from 1975.

Subsequent use

From the mine today bears witness to the listed protective headgear and some remaining surface installations . The shaft hall with hanging bench , the western hoisting machine house with an electric hoisting machine and hoist rope and the eastern hoisting machine house are evidence of historical industrial culture. Part of the mine rescue service and the mine rescue service of the DSK are now located in the daytime facilities above the Wilhelm shaft. The remaining daytime facilities above the Thies shaft are now used by the Wanne-Eickel technical aid organization. The Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe , built in the years 2008 to 2011, a forensic psychiatric hospital for forensic psychiatry at the mining site on Wilhelmstrasse west of the shaft Pluto-Wilhelm.

The shafts

• Shaft 1 “Thies”: Beginning of devil in 1857, closed in 1927, location: 51 ° 31 ′ 19.6 ″  N , 7 ° 9 ′ 11.9 ″  E
• Weather shaft 6: 1875 Teufbeginn, closed in 1964, approximate location: 51 ° 31 ′ 9.8 ″  N , 7 ° 9 ′ 15.5 ″  E
• Shaft 4: Beginning of the devil in 1899, shut down in 1982, approximate location: 51 ° 31 ′ 16.3 ″  N , 7 ° 9 ′ 13.3 ″  E
• Shaft 2 “Wilhelm”: Beginning of devil in 1873, closed in 1993, location: 51 ° 31 ′ 57.4 ″  N , 7 ° 8 ′ 31.2 ″  E
• Shaft 3: Beginning of the devil in 1893, central conveyor shaft from 1954, closed in 1993, location: 51 ° 31 ′ 56.9 ″  N , 7 ° 8 ′ 33.4 ″  E
• In 1906 a weather shaft was opened with shaft 5 in the west field (approximate location: 51 ° 31 ′ 10.9 ″  N , 7 ° 8 ′ 27.2 ″  E ), which was in operation until 1977.
• Shaft 7: Beginning of devil in 1913, closed in 1990, location: 51 ° 31 ′ 57.1 ″  N , 7 ° 8 ′ 24.6 ″  E

Sol- and thermal bath Wilhelmsquelle

Rheumatism Center Ruhr Area

→ Main article : Wilhelmsquelle brine and thermal baths

From 1891, brine was brought to the surface with a pump at the Pluto colliery. The brine and thermal bath Wilhelmsquelle with the associated spa hotel was supplied with this brine. This thermal bath was operated by an independent stock corporation and in 1920 became the property of Stadtwerke Wanne-Eickel. After 1945 the buildings destroyed in the war were rebuilt with financial support from the miners' union and put into operation in October 1949. The brine and thermal baths still exist today. As a rheumatism center in the Ruhr area, it is run by the church in Herne-Wanne.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd} Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144) 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Günter Streich, Corneel Voigt: Zechen: Dominanten im Revier. 2nd expanded and revised edition, Verlag Beleke KG, Nobel-Verlag GmbH, Essen 1999, ISBN 3-922785-58-1
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u} Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Publishing house Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster, Königstein i. Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m} Gerhard Gebhardt: Ruhr mining. History, structure and interdependence of its societies and organizations. Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1957
5. ↑ H. Fleck, E. Hartwig: History, statistics and technology of coal in Germany and other countries in Europe . R. Oldenbourg, Munich 1865
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n} Wolfgang Viehweger: Trace of coal: Europe in Herne and Wanne-Eickel. Frischtexte Verlag, Herne 2000, ISBN 3-933059-03-8
7. ↑ ^{a b c} Pluto . In: Cultural Office of the City of Herne. (Ed.): SchachtZeichen in Herne and Wanne-Eickel, City of Herne, Stadtmarketing Herne, Herne 2010, pp. 36–40
8. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Sixth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1858
9. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Eighth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1860
10. ↑ ^{a b c} Ministry of Trade and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Tenth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1862
11. ^ "Wanner Jungs": The Mining Corporation Pluto. Archived from the original on May 5, 2008 ; Retrieved July 16, 2008 .  
12. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Eleventh volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1863
13. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Twelfth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1864
14. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Volume fourteenth, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1866
15. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Sixteenth volume, published by Ernst & Korn, Berlin 1868
16. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Eighteenth volume, published by Ernst & Korn, Berlin 1870
17. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Volume nineteenth, published by Ernst & Korn, Berlin 1871
18. ↑ ^{a b} Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Volume forty-sixth, published by Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1898
19. ^ ^{A b} Association for Mining Interests in the Upper Mining District Dortmund: The Development of Lower Rhine-Westphalian Hard Coal Mining in the Second Half of the 19th Century. Julius Springer's publishing bookstore, Berlin 1902, p. 332
20. ^ Joachim Huske: The coal mining in the Ruhr area from its beginnings to the year 2000. 2nd edition. Regio-Verlag Peter Voß, Werne 2001, ISBN 3-929158-12-4
21. ^ Royal Statistical Bureau in Berlin (ed.): Prussian Statistics XIII . Comparative overview of the course of industry, trade and traffic in the Prussian state 1866. Verlag Ernst Kuehn's statistical Separat-Conto, Berlin 1868
22. ↑ Forensic LWL Clinics ( Memento from October 17, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (last accessed on June 23, 2014)

Web links

Commons : Zeche Pluto  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Herne collieries: Pluto , City of Herne (last accessed on June 26, 2014)
• Photographs and history of the Pluto colliery , industriedenkmal.de (last accessed on June 26, 2014)
• Description of all locations on this themed route as part of the Route of Industrial Culture
• http://ruhrzechenaus.de/herne/her-pluto.html