Alte Haase colliery

Alte Haase colliery
General information about the mine
The street front of shafts I / II with the Malakow tower
Information about the mining company
Start of operation	Early 17th century
End of operation	1969
Funded raw materials
Degradation of	Hard coal
Hard coal
Seam name	Main seam
Mightiness	0.8
Seam name	Dirt bank
Seam name	Water bank
Geographical location
Coordinates	51 ° 22 '20 "  N , 7 ° 14' 37"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 22 '20 "  N , 7 ° 14' 37"  E
Location Alte Haase colliery
Location	Sprockhövel
local community	Sprockhövel
District ( NUTS3 )	Ennepe-Ruhr district
country	State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country	Germany
District	Ruhr area

The Alte Haase colliery is a former coal mine in Sprockhövel . From the beginning of the 17th century until 1969, the mine mined the coal seams of the oldest layers in the southern Ruhr area and is one of the oldest hard coal mines in the Ruhr area. Their name is derived from the hare ; In the southern Ruhr area, it was quite common to name the early mines using terms from the fauna . In the files of the mining authorities , the spelling was initially inconsistent, it was not until the end of the 18th century that the name "Zeche Alte Haase" became established. In the 20th century, Alte Haase had a mining area of ​​47  square kilometers , making it one of the largest mines in Germany . Another special feature of the colliery was that it was free from firedamp .

Origin as a mine mine

The Waskönig farm in the Paasbach valley. The family of one of Alte Haase's main trades lived on this farm for centuries . The first tunnel of the colliery started in the immediate vicinity.

The ceremony of the coal mine dating back to 1699, where centuries earlier in the same mining area of mining on coal bypassed. The mine was operated as a tunnel mine from the 17th to the 19th century . During this period, the mine was operated as a small business, depending on the economic situation , or it was shut down for a longer period of time. The customers of the coal were primarily the blacksmiths in the Bergisches Land . The traces of the first coal mining in Alte Haase can still be made out today through pingen and broken mining shafts in the forests around Sprockhövel.

In 1716 a new award took place with the following content:

"After the heirs to Dietrich Krefting reported to Doddebruch zu Sprockhoevel that they received the pre-grind on the mine behind the Holter Eggen, the mountain jury knew about it, but missed it, that because of that and its other copy it was intended for Kohlberg and the same also, and if there were to be a side bank there, it would stop processing to the east and west. So your sothan enfeoffment is hereby again taken by his royal. Maj. In Prussia pp. awarded in such a way that you stretch the depth as much as possible, pay off the royal tens and also the mountain fee, but on the other hand you should also be protected against everyone. "

- signatum Hattnegen d. 29 Feb 1716.

Around 1790, after a cut from the same period, five miners were working on the colliery. That year they extracted 890 tons of coal; their annual earnings for a Hauer was 100 Reichstaler , an Obersteiger earned 150 to 185 Reichstaler. The mining of the coal was carried out from a stretch and initially involved the creation of a scribe in the seam, which was opened with a pickaxe. The coal of the hanging wall then came on by itself, while lying still with wedges was hurried along. It was only in the skill of the cutter to break in the coals in particularly large pieces. Lump coal was on the fuel market in great demand, while the unsaleable clear coal in the loci remained. The shift performance was around 4 tons of coal per tusk, a value that is still common today on the Ruhr mines.

In 1802 a new hereditary tunnel was built, which increased the coal reserves that could be extracted. The tunnel had become necessary because the operation of the mine was endangered by an unforeseen fault .

On June 17, 1837, water broke in the Ringeltaube shaft and the pit sank. All rescue attempts failed and two years later the mine went bankrupt . The bankruptcy register named the following items typical of a small mine that were auctioned:

18 trams 5 conveying tons 3 carriages 645 Laughing pit rope 2 measuring scales 11 reel 29 wedges 14 blades

8 Fäustel 6 Fimmel 7 chisels 4 axes 1 thermometer 2 miner's lamps various tools 1 chew with key and lock

In 1839 all of the mine shafts were filled .

New start and operation as a civil engineering mine

Text on the Edeltraud Erbstollen

Map of the facilities of the Alte Haase colliery

From 1858, a new, which was Edeltraud-Erbstollen , toward the last shafts of old Haase ascended and the mined coal was 1883 at the station of Sprockhoevel the railway Hattingen-Wuppertal are loaded. The more economical new method of building pillars was introduced at the colliery . In this case were of a ropeway from parallel degradation routes length stroking advanced into the seam (loci) of about 60 meters. The coal pillars that remained between the locations were dismantled after reaching the mining limit in the direction of the footpath , with the entire area deliberately breaking. When the coal reserves were mined above the bottom of the tunnel, so-called substations were set up and mined below the tunnel. This form of coal mining involves considerable risks in terms of weather management and dewatering , but was tolerated by the mining authorities . The water was drawn from the substation using hand pumps . In this way, the transition to expensive civil engineering could be delayed by a few years.

The beginning of the civil engineering marks the purchase of a steam engine 1875 to the accumulating in the pit groundwater with a piston pump promoted initially about 20 m high in the Edeltraud-Erbstollen. 1883, the main production well with the name was Julie m deep 85 geteuft . In 1897 he received the last Malakow tower in Germany. The shaft by Julie Dothbruch, the wife of the main trades of the coal mine and a descendant of Dietrich Krefting to Doddebruch that already in 1716 the first was named presumption lodged on Old Haase. In 1889 112 miners extracted 27,894 tons of hard coal, in 1904 there were already 414 miners and the extraction capacity exceeded the 100,000 tons limit. The charcoal was similar to anthracite and, because of its lack of smoke, was particularly popular as a house fire . The former most important seam of the colliery was the so-called main seam with a thickness of almost one meter in the area of ​​the former main shafts I / II, where it even spreads out on the surface in a hollow open on one side. In addition, the seams could not by-bank which, after designation unit (EB) which seam water bank corresponds to the seam and water Bank ( dirt Bank degraded after EB). In some cases even the very pure, thin new seam was worth mining. The name Dreckbank was avoided for sales reasons .

The ownership structure also changed with the transition to civil engineering. If the tunnel mining was still operated by the farmers based in Sprockhövel as a sideline , the capital necessary for the civil engineering had to be raised by external companies. However, the name Dothbruch can still be found in the minutes of the owners' meeting. In 1919 the transfer of ownership was completed; Alte Haase was 100% owned by the Lorraine union , a coal company from the northern Ruhr area. The technical management , on the other hand, remained in the hands of local Steiger until the mid-twenties .

In 1907 an extraordinarily technical solution to an old mining problem was worked out at Alte Haase. Civil engineering was now producing from the third level and the associated substation had been set up. When digging further to the fourth level, a cross passage was driven from the substation to below the shaft to be deepened and from there the vertical breaking up began. At the same time the shaft was deepened. The breakthrough in the opposite direction took place on July 28th and was precise to the centimeter. This achievement was made possible by a precise underground measurement by the responsible mincer , whereby only the comparatively simple measuring instruments such as compass , tape measure and theodolite were used. Missing the calculated starting point for breaking up would have had considerable consequences, since the shaft to be deepened was not allowed to show any deviations from the vertical .

In 1924 Saigere Shaft II was sunk 344 meters deep. This shaft had a diameter of 4.40 meters. It was equipped with a steam engine with an output of 1,800 kilowatts . The machine was able to move a cage with 8 carts , each 0.9 cubic meters in volume, to the surface in three minutes.

The colliery was closed on September 19, 1925 due to sales difficulties . Part of the responsibility for this bankruptcy was the policy of the Rheinisch-Westfälischen Kohlen-Syndikates , which set the production quotas for each mine and thus offered the large mines in the northern Ruhr area the incentive to buy up the smaller plants and use the released production in their own area. The affected plants were shut down after their quota was transferred.

The mine workers from Alte Haase, who were affected by unemployment, then ran the mine on their own for nine months until a purchase contract for the entire mine was negotiated on May 1, 1926 with the coal-fired power plant near Hattingen, which was newly built by VEW . In this context, a material ropeway was built for the transport of coal to the power plant 8 km away on the Ruhr . In 1927, 1,700 miners at Alte Haase produced 363,200 tons of hard coal, most of which were burned in the coal-fired power station called the joint venture . In addition, briquette presses were set up with which the coal was prepared for domestic heating. The own steam boilers operated with the unsaleable coal residues, coal sludge and medium - sized goods for personal use were generously dimensioned; so that in 1930 10 million kilowatt hours of electricity could be fed into the public grid with the company's own power station . The highest level of production was reached in 1937 with 382,600 tons of hard coal, 64,000 tons of which were further processed into briquettes.

After the Second World War, the company was consistently modernized, for example by mechanizing mining using coal plows . Because of the unfavorable storage of the coal reserves, the mining operations had to move more and more into the area, which meant that the water inflows to be pumped were up to 30 times greater than the amount of coal extracted. The mine tried to solve the problem by enclosing the above-ground streams in concrete pipes. In addition, with 3 cubic meters of extractable coal per square meter of earth surface, a small amount of usable coal came into play; for comparison, the northern Ruhr mines had up to 50 cubic meters of extractable coal per square meter of earth surface. Thus, the northern Ruhrzechen had a coal layer 50 meters thick, at Alte Haase it was only 3 meters at most. Ultimately, 45 kilometers of crosscuts and routes had to be excavated and maintained in order to transport the extracted coal to the main production shaft. Because of the long underground journeys, the miners' shift was shortened to under 4.5 hours in some cases.

In this context, were Berechtsame the surrounding mines bought to increase the degradable coal reserves so that old Haase shareholders 200 years the already long operating ski Schlebuscher Erbstollen was. In order to shorten the underground transport of coal to the main shaft, more outdoor facilities were built and the coal extracted was transported away by truck. Despite this measure, the colliery's shutdown, which took place on April 30, 1969, could no longer be prevented. In the previous period, massive mining damage had occurred in the area of ​​the Buchholz shaft, which accelerated the end of the company. About 1000 miners could be taken over to the mines north of the Ruhr. Previously, the Alte Haase colliery was a founding member of Ruhrkohle AG ; the stake in this stock corporation was 0.22%. At the time of decommissioning, the economically exploitable coal reserves were largely exhausted.

Remains of the mining industry can still be seen today

The above-ground parts of the colliery in the area of ​​shaft I / II are now part of the route of industrial culture in the Ruhr area. The entire complex was in the meantime used by other companies, after their bankruptcy it was for a time marked by decay and abandonment. At least the former administration building is now being used again as an office. All shafts of Alte Haase were filled in accordance with the requirements of mining law after the closure, the mine workings are therefore no longer accessible. In contrast, the still visible mouth holes in the tunnel and various heaps in the Sprockhövel area are reminiscent of the mine. In some cases, mouth holes are blocked. They are betrayed by the red color of the water that pours from them into the streams in the area. The red color comes from the iron compounds dissolved in the water , which precipitate out of the water on contact with the air. Otherwise, a total of five thematically structured hiking trails with display boards open up the oldest coal mining in the Ruhr. The collection of the Heimat- und Geschichtsverein in the Heimatstube von Sprockhövel is worth seeing, where, among other things, a model of the colliery and archaeological finds from the mining that has been around the area for centuries are on display.

Connected mines and mine fields

Unlike the mines, Alte Haase could not expand further north into the depths , but had to acquire minable coal reserves by buying additional mines. In the following, some plants are called, previously operated independently mining and their Berechtsame were bought by Old Haase.

United Blankenburg colliery

Machine house of the Blankenburg colliery

The Blankenburg colliery was located in the Buchholz district of Witten in the Hammertal . The mine goes back to a merger of various small mines, which initially merged in 1865 under the name Vereinigte Geschwind . One of the predecessor companies started civil engineering in 1855 and in 1861 built a horse-drawn tram to the then navigable Ruhr. From 1875 the colliery took on the final name Blankenburg , the horse-drawn tram was converted into a standard-gauge railway in 1882 , which ran parallel to the Bossel – Blankenstein small railway . The coal recovered was primarily processed into briquettes . The promotion grew steadily, reaching 1910 the mark of 134,000 tons. This service was provided by 560 employees. In 1925 the plant ran into the first coal crisis and was shut down. The machine house and a weather chimney, unique in the Ruhr area, are still left of the colliery . This fireplace is almost unique in the world due to its brick construction, only from Spain is the existence of another fireplace of this type known.

Adolar colliery / Glückauf Barmen colliery

The mine, known as Glückauf Barmen after several consolidations , did not start operating in Hammertal until 1910, after geological investigations on the mine field suggested a possible extraction volume of 3 million tons of coal. Right from the start, the colliery had a siding with the small railway Bossel – Blankenstein, so that the sale of the coal was secured. By the end of 1910 a shaft 137 meters deep had been sunk and a new mine was built above ground that was sufficient for 600 miners. The above-ground facilities included chews, workshops, loading facilities and administration buildings. At the same time, a power plant was built to generate electricity . In 1911, 411 miners extracted 100,000 tons of hard coal. However, due to unforeseeable geological disturbances , the plant had to be shut down on August 1, 1924.

The administration building and the remains of the loading ramp at the siding are still preserved from the mine. The buildings are located some distance to the east of the federal motorway 43 near Sprockhövel and stand out due to their distinctive half-timbered construction .

Colliery frog

The first speculation and subsequent awarding of the Frosch mine in Sprockhövel-Bossel dates back to 1650.

The owners of the Diefhausen farm, one of the highest taxed farms in Sprockhövel since 1486, increased the family's prosperity for years with the coal discoveries on the property. In 1650 the farm owner Jürgen Deifhaus received the official approval for the mining of the seam "Deifhauser Bank" (part of the seam "Mausegatt") with the encouragement of the mountain director and cavalry master Alexander Achilles. Together with the presumption, the duties to pay the Elector of Brandenburg were determined. The Frosch trade union, founded in 1739 by Peter Diefhaus, Johann Matthias Spennemann and Heinrich Rudolf Spennemann called Obergethmann (all owners of the Diefhausen farm or descended from it) emerged from the former “Deifhauser Bank” mining site.

In 1784 Freiherr vom Stein drove the mine. His inspection report reads:

" Actum at the Frosch colliery, July 14, 1784

This flötz, which makes a hollow that extends towards all 4 regions of the world, is dismantled with an upper tunnel, and a deeper one under the name Diefhauser Erbstollen is set up, which has about 500 laughers is long and pierced with the flute, the hollow of which was found in the roof where such a thing was reached with the flute. So this Flötz, which is the lower of the 4 mines Frosch, Fuchs, Luchs and Knapbank, with the deep Diefhauser Erbstollen is completely removed ... On the north wing there is a shaft with which the Flötz first sank, and then several A cross passage was driven deep ... from the penetration of this cross passage into the bank, 2 places, namely to the west and east, are dismantled and each occupied by a 1 tusk and 2 tugs , which thaw 30 ringlets to the shift.

On the south wing of the seam, which is more standing (steeper), a shaft is currently being sunk and should be sunk into the hollow, because this is not regularly formed, but lies flat once and then falls again, so must the shaft where the strong Donlage is concerned, leave the bank and be brought down through the lying, so as not to spoil the production. For this shaft the extraction of that part of the north wing which lies under the already touched cross passage can then also take place. The coals from the south wing are said to be soft, and therefore can only come off in winter when a lot of coals are sought. "

In 1796 130 tons of coal were extracted from 6 miners. The mine picture of the colliery dates from 1813 as the oldest preserved of the Ruhr mining . A special feature is the storage of the coal in the area of ​​the colliery as a trough- like trough , so that the coal seams do not spread out in a line, but rather represent an elongated ellipse following the shape of the overlying hill . For this reason, a tunnel set up there for mining will encounter the same seam several times, so coal mining has been particularly economical in this area for centuries. In 1830 the mine was shut down after supplies were exhausted. Around 1900 there was a new beginning under the name of Zeche Sprockhövel on the mine field of the Frog colliery . Although the re-establishment went over to civil engineering at short notice, the plant had to be closed again in 1904; the miners were taken over by the Blankenburg colliery.

Above days nothing can be seen of the Frosch colliery apart from its heaps and pings in the forest above the streets “Mausegatt” and “Am Breloh”, only the hereditary tunnel that drains the hollow is still in operation.

Johannessegen mine

The Johannessegen colliery was founded at the end of the 19th century from various predecessor companies in the Bredenscheid district of Hattingen . Since 1888, the colliery had a siding at Bredenscheid train station that can still be seen today, with which the coal extracted could be transported away. In 1899 the entire company was bought up by the Belgian- based Westfälische Kohlenwerke AG (SA des Carbonages Westfalien) . A short time later, the facility was taken over by Alte Haase.

As a special feature, Johannessegen had its own brick factory , which was operated with the coal that was extracted. In 1910, 560 miners extracted 134,000 tons of hard coal, which were mainly processed into briquettes. In 1925, the colliery fell into the vortex of closure and ended its economic activity. No remains of the facility have survived; today there are various small businesses and a rubbish dump from the Ennepe-Ruhr district on the site .

Small windmill colliery

Administration building of the Kleine Windmühle colliery

In Obersprockhövel lying Small colliery Windmill came in 1919 in operation and had two shafts , one of which tonnlägiger main production well. The pit water from the colliery still flowed through the Schlebuscher Erbstollen , through which the colliery was also ventilated . As a result, the mine could be operated depending on the demand for coal. Small windmill had a siding to the small railway Bossel – Blankenstein , which ran directly past the colliery site. The plant was taken over by Alte Haase in 1926, the previous owners were the Vereinigte Glanzstoffwerke in Wuppertal - Elberfeld .

The administration building converted into a residential building with the distinctive inscriptions “GLÜCK AUF!” Above the main entrance and “GEWERKSCHAFT KLEINE WINDMÜHLE” on the gable has been preserved from the colliery .

Last operated pits

Shaft I / II in Niedersprockhövel

Malakow tower of the Alte Haase colliery on shaft I / II

The system of shafts I / II presents itself as a 200 meter long building complex directly on the road from Sprockhövel to Hattingen, whereby the Malakow tower, which was built in 1897, divides the two-storey building line into symmetrical halves. The site has been falling into disrepair since the colliery was closed before the headframe was completely restored in the nineties . Nevertheless, due to the lack of an industrial user, the future of the site is completely open, since the companies that have settled there after the closure no longer exist. The announced renovation and conversion of the wing of the building for residential and small business purposes has not yet taken place with a few exceptions.

The site is closed to prevent vandalism , so it is not possible to visit the inside. However, below shaft I / II there is a public park , in the area of ​​which exhibits from the Sprockhövel mining industry are on display. The facility is freely accessible.

External shaft "Im Brahm" in Sprockhövel-Bossel

The “Im Brahm” outer shaft was built in 1952 and was mainly used for cable travel , weather control and material transport. The plant was equipped with a well with a depth of 350 meters to the fourth floor and a Waschkaue. This measure made it possible to extend the miners' productive stay in the mine, as the journeys to the mine were shortened. It was dismantled four places ago. A promotion was not made at this point, so the recovered coal still had less than one day to the main shaft of coal mine Old Haase transported are. Of the above-ground facilities, the building that has been converted into a residential building is still there.

External shaft "Buchholz" in Hattingen-Holthausen

The Buchholz mine was the most modern of the Alte Haase colliery. It went into operation in 1965 and represented the state of the art in coal mining at the time. The coal was extracted hydraulically and brought to the surface with conveyor belts .

The surface area of ​​the facility on the road from Blankenstein to Sprockhövel is still preserved, but closed off and therefore not accessible.

“Niederheide” external shaft in Hattingen-Oberstüter

"Niederheide" mine

The Niederheide outer shaft was located very far south of the mine owned by Zeche Alte Haase on the border with Elfringhauser Switzerland and was sunk in 1963. What is remarkable about the facility is the colliery settlement that still exists today , in which the Steiger workers who worked on the shaft lived. A little further away there are other houses with four apartments each for simple miners . This settlement is thus the southernmost of its kind in the Ruhr area .

The dismantling on this shaft was extremely close to the surface, so that there was no head section here . Instead, a bulldozer was used to clear away the topsoil on the agricultural areas until the seam , which fell at 60 degrees, came to light. From the surface to the first floor there was a hacking, from which the places were driven to the field. The cavity resulting from the mining was filled with backfill material from a truck in order to prevent mining damage . The mined coal slid down on the backfill material to the first level, where it was loaded into Hunten and transported to the shaft. Special measures were necessary on the surface to prevent the mine structures from collapsing. This essentially involved an extension of the hanging wall, as the supporting rock pressure was missing at this point.

Post-war signs

In the time of small-scale mining after the Second World War, small mines were built everywhere again, where the former miners used their local knowledge and dug for coal in areas near the surface. The remaining stocks in the old coal fields were opened up with simple shafts, so-called “cutting off”.

There were also officially registered establishments. In the area of ​​the Alte Haase colliery, for example, these were the small mines Molly, Sirrenberg and Lange. In contrast to the many unregistered coal mines , a part of the mine field was officially leased here. The mining authority issued the permit and conditions, and the mine was cut off. In many places, the dismantling went beyond the permit.

Today you usually only find a dump in these places, as the areas were then leveled according to the requirements. Where this did not happen due to lack of money, a few shaft pings can be seen from which iron parts protrude. Another holdover are the recurring day breaks .

Maps

• The trace of coal , published by the Association of Mining Historic Sites Ruhrrevier eV, Sprockhövel working group
  • The Alte-Haase-Weg (north) and (south)
  • Pleßbachweg
  • Herzkämper-Mulde-Weg
  • Germany way
  • Montanweg
• Topographic map number 4609 Hattingen scale 1: 25,000, published by the State Surveying Office of North Rhine-Westphalia in 1999

See also

• Historical coal measure Alte-Haase-Ringel

literature

• Joachim Huske: The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning until 1997 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum. No. 74). 2nd revised and expanded edition. German Mining Museum, Bochum 1998, ISBN 3-921533-62-7 . (3rd, revised and expanded edition. Die Steinkohlenzechen in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginnings to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum. No. 144). Ibid 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 ) .

Web links

Commons : Zeche Alte Haase  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Description of this sight on the Route of Industrial Culturehttp: //vorlage.rik.test/~16~11608 (last accessed on November 9, 2012)
• Alte Haase colliery on Ruhrkohlenrevier.de (last accessed on November 9, 2012)
• History of the Alte Haase trade union
• History of the Kleine Windmühle colliery (last accessed on November 9, 2012)
• http://ruhrzechenaus.de/mark/mark-sprockhoevel.html

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Kurt Pfläging: The cradle of Ruhr coal mining . Glückauf, Essen 1987, ISBN 3-7739-0490-8 .
2. ↑ Built on coal. Internal information from VEW, Dortmund without giving the year
3. ↑ Kurt Pfläging: Stein's journey through coal mining on the Ruhr . Geiger, Horb am Neckar 1999, ISBN 3-89570-529-2 .
4. ↑ Gerhard Knospe: Works Railways in German Coal Mining and Its Steam Locomotives, Part 1 - Data, facts, sources . 1st edition. Self-published, Heiligenhaus 2018, ISBN 978-3-9819784-0-7 , p. 402 .

This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on August 13, 2006 .