Graf Bismarck colliery
Graf Bismarck colliery | |||
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General information about the mine | |||
historical postcard view from 1912 | |||
Funding / year | approx. 2.5 million t | ||
Information about the mining company | |||
End of operation | 1966 | ||
Successor use | Commercial space | ||
Funded raw materials | |||
Degradation of | Hard coal | ||
Geographical location | |||
Coordinates | 51 ° 33 '9 " N , 7 ° 5' 41" E | ||
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Location | alder | ||
local community | Gelsenkirchen | ||
Independent city ( NUTS3 ) | Gelsenkirchen | ||
country | State of North Rhine-Westphalia | ||
Country | Germany | ||
District | Ruhr area |
The bill count Bismarck was a coal - mine in Gelsenkirchen .
history
1868-1918
In 1868, consolidated several trades under the leadership of the Director of Cologne's mine-AG Friedrich Grillo to a mining law union . In honor of Otto von Bismarck , who at that time still held the title of Count as Prussian Prime Minister, the union of the hard coal mine Count Bismarck was named.
1869 in the Braubauerschaft north of Schalke with the sinking of the shaft started 1 (at the present Uechtingstrasse). The shaft was a Malakowturm equipped and has 1873 promotion to record. At the same time, the construction of surrounding factory settlements began. These formed the basis for the later Gelsenkirchen district of Bismarck . The coal crisis of the 1870s and 1880s could be mastered relatively well, as the coal extracted (flame coal) was of high quality and therefore easy to sell. In 1882, work began on sinking a second shaft north of the Emscher (on today's Auguststrasse), which went into operation in 1885 as an independent conveyor system.
With the coal economy picking up in the early 1890s, further expansion measures were taken. Tray 1 is a recessed received in the Malakowturm headframe , shaft 2 has been provided with a double-feed. In 1893, a third shaft was sunk as an independent conveyor system in the northwestern field area on Frankampstrasse. This went into operation in 1895 . The mining operating points of the Graf Bismarck colliery were characterized by a high risk of firedamp and high working temperatures. As a result, there were repeated firedamp explosions with injuries and fatalities.
In order to improve the weather management , the pits were gradually expanded to double pits. From 1899 to 1903, shaft 4 was sunk next to shaft 1, shaft 5 next to shaft 3 from 1902 to 1905, and shaft 6 next to shaft 2 from 1909 to 1911. Finally, in 1910, a fourth shaft was built on Wiedehopfstrasse in Ostfeld. Shaft 7 went into operation as early as 1911, while shaft 8 next to it was initially deferred .
The four shaft systems were operated as independent conveyor systems. Therefore, in official writing, they were designated with the number of the oldest shaft in each case. This is how Graf Bismarck 1/4 was called in the future, Graf Bismarck I colliery, shaft 2/6 Graf Bismarck II, shaft 3/5 Graf Bismarck III and shaft 7 Graf Bismarck VII colliery. In 1913, a central coking plant was blown on Graf Bismarck I for all the pits, so that the mine could also produce coke independently .
1918-1945
After the First World War , the expansion of the large shaft system was continued. The deferred shaft 8 on Graf Bismarck VII was completed from 1920 to 1923. Furthermore, the Graf Bismarck II mine received its third shaft with the pure mining shaft 9 that went into operation in 1926.
The Deutsche Erdöl-AG (DEA) took over all Kuxe of the union in 1927 . This enabled the Graf Bismarck mine to survive the coal crisis as part of the global economic crisis. Shaft VII was further expanded in 1929 and equipped with new, large-sized headframes. In 1931 the Bismarck III mining shaft was shut down and connected to Graf Bismarck II. After the change in the political framework, the production at shaft 3 was resumed in 1938. The joint plant management with Count Bismarck II remained. In 1938, shaft 4 (Bismarck I) was given a new headframe. In the Second World War , mine VII and the Bismarck I coking plant mainly suffered major damage.
1945–1966
After the war damage had been repaired, production could be resumed in full in 1949. The coking plant went back into operation in 1952 with a total of 210 ovens.
The Graf Bismarck union was converted into a limited liability company (GmbH), which operated under the umbrella company of Deutsche Erdöl-AG .
As of 1951, extensive rationalization measures were taken in order to ensure the colliery's long economic survival. In order to centralize the weather management, the Graf Bismarck 10 shaft in the Emscherbruch was sunk as a pure weather shaft. This went into operation in 1954 and initiated the conversion of the individual mines into an operation as a composite mine .
In 1955, on Graf Bismarck I and 1958 on Graf Bismarck II, new types of hard coal-fired power plants with an output of 100 MW were put into operation. Furthermore, from 1957 to 1958, shaft 9 on Graf Bismarck II was converted into a central shaft with two fully automatic vessel conveyors. In 1958, this shaft was given a large double-headed headframe modeled on the Zollverein 12 shaft . After its commissioning, the Graf Bismarck I and III conveyor systems were withdrawn from production. Coal was only extracted via shafts 7 and 9.
In 1965, the Graf Bismarck colliery produced 2.6 million tons of coal with an annual coke production of 740,000 tons. It was considered one of the most productive conveyor systems in the area.
Shutdown
The closure of the Graf Bismarck colliery can undoubtedly be regarded as one of the most spectacular and controversial in the entire Ruhr mining industry. The Rationalization Association of the Coal Mining, founded in 1964, had the task of coordinating the economically sensible shutdowns of the individual operations of the mining companies. Closures of unprofitable mining operations were subsidized with a subsidy that was dependent on the production volume.
For Deutsche Erdöl-AG , the Graf Bismarck GmbH coal mine was the least profitable operation within the group despite the modernizations that had taken place. Since the high production volume also promised a high decommissioning premium, the decommissioning decision of February 4, 1966 can only be viewed as a purely commercial decision become.
The decommissioning decision led to serious protests in the population, local politics and entrepreneurs in Gelsenkirchen. The protest marches with black flags became a symbol of the coal crisis .
Despite all protests, the production was stopped on September 28, 1966 and the entire operation was shut down on September 30, 1966. The shafts 1 to 10 were initially filled and the systems demolished. The demolition of the headframe over shaft Bismarck 9 was documented on film in 1968. The Graf Bismarck I coking plant and the power station were operated until 1973 and then completely demolished.
Subsequent use
It speaks for the paradox in the closure of the Graf Bismarck colliery that the Graf Bismarck mine field was taken back into the mine planning immediately after it was taken over by Ruhrkohle AG in 1968 . The former shaft 10 was cleared again in 1971 , renamed Emschermulde 1 and assigned to the neighboring Ewald mine . In order to improve the weather management for the mines mining in the Bismarck field ( Zeche Hugo , Zeche Ewald , Zeche Consolidation and Zeche Nordstern ), the Emschermulde 2 shaft was sunk from 1973 to 1974 on the old site of the Bismarck II colliery and continued to be operated as a weather shaft.
In fact, coal mining in the Bismarck field did not end until 2000.
Current condition
The grounds of the Graf Bismarck II and VII collieries are now used as industrial areas. There is a residential development on the area of the Graf Bismarck III colliery. The area of Zeche Graf Bismarck I is still fallow between the Dorsten – Gelsenkirchen-Bismarck railway and the Rhine-Herne Canal .
The two Emschermulde shafts have now also been completely dismantled.
Individual evidence
literature
- Wilhelm and Gertrude Hermann: The old mines on the Ruhr. Past and future of a key technology. With a catalog of the "life stories" of 477 mines. 6th edition of the 5th, completely revised edition, expanded to include an excursus from p. 216 and updated in energy policy parts. u. extended edition 2003. (= The Blue Books ). Langewiesche publishing house , Königstein im Taunus 2008, ISBN 978-3-7845-6994-9 .
Web links
- Description of all locations on this themed route as part of the Route of Industrial Culture
- Memorandum 50 Years of Count Bismarck (1868–1918) as a PDF download