Nordstern colliery

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Nordstern colliery
General information about the mine
Gelsenkirchen - Nordsternpark - Nordstern colliery 02 ies.jpg
The Nordstern colliery today
Information about the mining company
Start of operation 1868
End of operation 1982
Successor use Consolidation to form the Nordstern-Zollverein mine
Funded raw materials
Degradation of Hard coal
Geographical location
Coordinates 51 ° 31 '40 "  N , 7 ° 1' 52"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 31 '40 "  N , 7 ° 1' 52"  E
Nordstern colliery (regional association Ruhr)
Nordstern colliery
Location Nordstern colliery
Location horst
local community Gelsenkirchen
Independent city ( NUTS3 ) Gelsenkirchen
country State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country Germany
District Ruhr area

The Nordstern colliery is a former hard coal mine in Gelsenkirchen-Horst .

history

1855-1901

In 1855, several mine field properties were consolidated under the name Blücher I-III in the Horst district north of the Emscher . The emerging union Blücher began in 1857 with the sinking of a first shaft on Blücher III . This had to be abandoned after a short time due to excessive water inflows. In 1858, work began on sinking a new Blücher I mine southwest of the village of Horst . Due to the bankruptcy of the Blücher union, this shaft also had to be deferred in 1860 . In 1860 the Essen-Arenberger Bergbau-Gesellschaft was founded as a stock corporation , which took over the capital of the Blücher union.

In 1866 a new trade union called the Nordstern hard coal mine was formed . The name is explained by the fact that at that time the colliery was to become the northernmost conveyor system in the Ruhr area (the neighboring Mathias Stinnes colliery was also set up at the time, but was inactive for an indefinite period due to insolvency). The newly sunk shaft was swamped and started mining in 1868 under the name Nordstern 1 . It was equipped with a Malakov tower .

In order to cope with the flood threat from the nearby Emscher , extensive embankments were made around the mine. Since the shaft had also been steadily expanded , the colliery was able to develop economically well. The gas flame and flame coal extracted was of high quality, so that the economic problems of the late 1870s and 1880s could be overcome.

In 1873 the Essen-Arenberger Bergbau-Gesellschaft was renamed Steinkohlenbergwerk Nordstern AG.

From 1890 to 1892, shaft 2 was sunk next to shaft 1. The production increased up to 850,000 tons annually.

In 1899 a start was made on opening up the eastern field with an independent mine. Initially, only one shaft of the planned double shaft system was sunk for financial reasons. This went into operation as shaft 3 in 1901.

1901-1945

Nordstern colliery around 1910
Shaft 1 headframe
Winder from shaft 2, in front the electric motor, behind it the traction sheave

In 1907 the hard coal mine Nordstern AG was bought by Phoenix AG for mining and smelting . This now carried out extensive expansion measures for the Nordstern colliery. The mining assessor and then operations director Christian Dütting played a key role .

Shaft 1 received a drawn-in headframe placed on the Malakow tower. From 1910 to 1911, next to shaft 3, shaft 4 was sunk. This completed the now independent shaft system 3/4. Because of the war-related higher coke demand , a coking plant was put into operation on Nordstern 1/2 in 1915 . In 1915, coal production reached 1.5 million tons per year.

The lack of sales resulting from post-war inflation led to the closure of both Nordstern shafts in 1925. In 1926 the Phoenix AG property was incorporated into the United Steel Works . The Nordstern mine field property was assigned to the Gelsenkirchen group of Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks-AG (GBAG). Due to promising reservoir conditions , the production on Nordstern 1/2 was resumed.

From 1928 a new Nordstern central coking plant with 200 coke ovens was built on the Rhine-Herne Canal . After it was put into operation, the old Nordstern 1/2 coking plant was shut down. In 1936, production was also resumed on Nordstern 3/4. 1.6 million tons of coal were mined per year.

From 1937 to 1939 the largest gas tank in the world at the time was built by the Aug. Klönne company on the Nordstern colliery with a total height of 149 meters and a diameter of 80 meters with a capacity of 600,000 m³. It was hit by a bomb on May 20, 1940 and so damaged that it had to be demolished.

In the war years of 1944 and 1945, both pits were badly damaged by Anglo-American bomb attacks. In 1945 the mine had to be shut down again temporarily.

1945–1980

After the war damage had been repaired, production was gradually resumed from the end of 1945. From 1951 to 1953 the conveyor systems on Nordstern 1/2 were completely renewed. Shaft 2 received a closed headframe with two- rope vessel conveyance . A full-walled strut frame was erected over shaft 1 . Furthermore, the processing plants were redesigned and expanded accordingly. Fritz Schupp was responsible for all buildings . The shaft system was designed as a central conveyor system and from 1956 also completely took over the production of the Nordstern 3/4 system.

Due to severe sales difficulties for coke , GBAG decided in 1966 to shut down the central coking plant in the following business year. In 1968 the colliery was taken over by the newly founded Ruhrkohle AG . It was assigned to Bergbau AG Gelsenkirchen .

From 1973, the mine was increasingly assigned mining areas from neighboring closed mines. The shutdown area Wilhelmine Victoria 1/4 , along with the pit field, was taken over as an outdoor facility by the disused Emil-Fritz mine . Furthermore, part of the mine field of the former Graf Bismarck colliery was assigned to the colliery for dismantling. The Emschermulde 2 shaft , which was sunk on the Bismarck II site until 1974, was assigned to the Nordstern works management. In 1980 coal production amounted to 1.9 million t of fat, gas and flame coal with 3300 employees.

Shutdown

In 1981, as part of a renewed adjustment plan for Ruhr coal mining, it was decided to combine the Nordstern colliery with the Zollverein colliery to form the Nordstern-Zollverein joint mine . The promotion should be relocated to Zollverein. The Nordsternschächte should, however, be retained as cable car and intermediate production locations. This merger took place in 1982. At the same time, the pit field of the former Mathias Stinnes colliery was reopened by reopening the old Stinnes 5 shaft. In return, the building area Wilhelmine Victoria with the local mine Wilhelmine Victoria was completely quarter 1983 dropped and filled .

Current condition

An area of ​​the Nordstern colliery that was redesigned for the '97 Federal Garden Show

After the Nordstern-Zollverein was shut down in 1986, the Nordstern shafts were taken over by the Consolidation colliery and operated until 1993; after that they were dropped and filled in. The pit 3/4 was completely cleared. Shaft 1/2, on the other hand, has been almost completely preserved and houses the Nordsternpark . The extensive Schupp buildings with the winding towers are part of the route of industrial culture .

The real estate company Vivawest has its head office in the completely renovated complex .

The Deutschlandexpress has been located on the mine site since 1999 . This model railway exhibition was given up at the end of 2016.

Further expansion

Shaft 2 headframe with new structure
Hercules

The Nordsternpark was one of the seven highlights of RUHR.2010 - European Capital of Culture . The listed tower of Shaft II of the Nordstern colliery was upgraded as part of this project, four floors of glass were added and a statue was crowned.

The topping-out ceremony for this tower extension was celebrated in September 2010. Shortly before Christmas, the 18-meter tall and 23-tonne monumental sculpture Hercules von Gelsenkirchen by the artist Markus Lüpertz was lifted as a new landmark on the access tower, which now provides access to the existing and new floors. With it, the north star tower now reaches a total height of 103 meters. The four new glass floors, separated by a clear joint, are used privately by Vivawest. The visitor terrace above at a height of around 83 meters was inaugurated at the beginning of October 2012 and now offers park visitors an impressive panorama. At the same time, the “Nordstern Video Art Center Sammlung Goetz / Neuer Berliner Kunstverein ” opened in the historic tower days against the backdrop of the old conveyor machinery with the first exhibition “Shift Change”.

The EUR 13.6 million expansion was financed around half by the long-term user of the tower, THS Wohnen , which is now part of the Vivawest group. The state of North Rhine-Westphalia supported the project with 6.4 million euros, with additional funds from the city of Gelsenkirchen.

By 2018, further administrative buildings were built for Vivawest, which are based on the existing buildings in terms of cubature, grid and color appearance.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bomb hits gasometer
  2. ↑ Ralf Blank, Gerhard E. Sollbach: The Revier in Sight - Bomb Warfare and "Home Front" in the Ruhr Area 1939-1945 . Bookmarks, Hagen 2005, ISBN 3-930217-69-4 .
  3. ↑ [1] Signals are red
  4. ^ City of Gelsenkirchen on the Nordsternpark glass cube ( Memento from September 28, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ^ JSWD Architects: Kesselhaus Zeche Nordstern

Web links

Commons : Zeche Nordstern  - Collection of images, videos and audio files