Mathias Stinnes colliery

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Mathias Stinnes colliery
General information about the mine
Mathias Stinnes Colliery 1906.jpg
Historical postcard view from 1906
Funding / year Max. 2,656,660 t
Funding / total 130,000,000 t
Information about the mining company
Employees up to 7940
Start of operation 1872
End of operation 1972
Successor use Commercial space
Funded raw materials
Degradation of Hard coal
Geographical location
Coordinates 51 ° 31 '33.8 "  N , 7 ° 0' 25.5"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 31 '33.8 "  N , 7 ° 0' 25.5"  E
Mathias Stinnes Colliery (Ruhr Regional Association)
Mathias Stinnes colliery
Location Mathias Stinnes colliery
Location Karnap
local community eat
Independent city ( NUTS3 ) eat
country State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country Germany
District Ruhr area

The Mathias Stinnes colliery was a hard coal mine , which consisted of several pits and whose administration was located in Essen - Karnap . The mine was named after the industrialist and company founder Mathias Stinnes . The Mathias Stinnes union was one of the founding members of the Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate .

history

The beginnings

In 1855, several trades merged to form the Ruhrorter Bergwerks-Actienverein in order to develop a mine property in Karnap, Brauck and Welheim. Some time later, the north was Emscher with the sinking work for a pit started. The shaft was sunk in Essen-Karnap and the mine was named the Carnap mine . In 1859, the company first had to work because of financial difficulties for hours . At this point in time, the shaft was 109 meters deep . A little later the company had to be completely liquidated.

Takeover by Stinnes

In 1864 the "Mathias Stinnes" union was founded. In the same year, the Stinnes family acquired the Carnap colliery from the Ruhrort Mining Association. The senior manager of the company Johann Gustav Stinnes acquired all Kuxe the union and sent them over to the family. The price for the three Karnap fields at that time was 150,000 thalers . At the time of purchase, the shaft was now flooded . In 1868 more muted fields were acquired and combined with the Karnap fields to form Mathias Stinnes. In 1869 the now-idle shaft was swamped . In 1870 the fields Neu-Horst IA and Neu-Horst III B were acquired. The entire right now covered an area of ​​6.3 km 2 .

The construction of the mine

In 1871 the sinking work for the shaft (Mathias Stinnes shaft 1) was resumed. During the sinking work there was strong water inflow in the shaft. That same year, the shaft reached at a depth of 188 meters carbon . In the same year, at a depth of 224 meters (- 183 m above sea ​​level ), the first level , also called 220 meter level , was set. In 1872 the second level was set at a depth of 276 meters (- 235 m above sea level). In the same year the first coal was extracted from the new mine. To the resulting mine water to lift an aboveground was at the shaft 1 dewatering machine installed. The machine was built by Friedrich-Wilhelms-Hütte and had an output of 250 hp . The riser and the pumps were installed in the shaft. In 1873 the first railway line of the Cologne-Minden Railway Company in Karnap was put into operation south of the mine . The route was used for passenger and freight traffic. Shafts 1 and 2 of the Mathias Stinnes colliery were later connected to this railway line via the Carnap station. So that the miners could case for their work and take a shower after the shift, one was in the following years Kaue built. A dressing room was also built later in the administration building.

The first years of operation

In 1876, the sinking work on shaft 1 was continued and the shaft was sunk deeper. In the following year, the third level was set in shaft 1 at a depth of 323 meters (- 282 m above sea level). In the following years, the mine was steadily increased. In 1883, the final work on the 4th level began. This level was at a depth of 379 meters (- 338 m above sea level). In order to obtain a second escape route, a breakthrough to the neighboring Nordstern colliery was made in 1886 . In 1890, at a depth of 454 meters (- 413 m above sea level), the final work on the 5th level began. In 1892, a new hoisting machine was installed at shaft 1 of the Friedrichs Wilhelms-Hütte . The cable carrier of the machine was a drum with a diameter of eight meters and a width of 3.6 meters. A steam-powered twin engine with an output of 750 hp served as the drive . In the same year, the Humboldt mechanical engineering company set up coal washing and separation. The laundry could process 75 tons of minerals per hour. A screening plant was installed at shaft 2. In addition, a locksmith's shop, a carpenter's shop and a forge were put into operation. In 1893 the shaft was equipped with a steel headframe . The headframe was built by the company Maschinenbau-Anstalt Humboldt. The height from the hanging lawn bench to the center of the pulley was 31.7 meters. The pulleys had a diameter of five meters. The conveyor cage was equipped with four levels , onto which two conveyor cars could be pushed . In 1894, the sinking work for shaft 2 began. The shaft was beside pit one set .

In 1896, two hoisting machines were installed at shaft 2 of the Friedrichs Wilhelms-Hütte. The shaft was thus equipped with two shaft conveyors , a southern and a northern one. Both shaft conveyors were set up as drum conveyors . Each of the conveyors had two conical drums 6.2 to 10.6 meters in diameter and 2.2 meters in width. A steam-powered horizontal twin engine with an output of 800 hp served as the drive. The headframe was built by the company Maschinenbau-Anstalt Humboldt. The height from the hanging lawn bench to the center of the pulley was 28.5 meters. The sheaves were all at the same height and were five meters in diameter. The conveyor baskets were equipped with four levels, on each of which a conveyor carriage could be pushed. In 1897, mining began in shaft 2. Shaft 2 together with shaft 1 now formed the Mathias Stinnes 1/2 pit. Two compressors from Maschinenfabrik Burkhard were installed to generate compressed air . Each of the two compressors could generate up to 2000 m 3 of compressed air per minute . Both compressors were driven by a gas engine each with an output of 250 hp. In the same year, the sinking work on shaft 2 was continued. In addition, a coking plant was put into operation that year. The coking plant was equipped with 30 coke ovens and a coal recovery plant. In addition, a brick factory was built. In 1898, two pit ventilators including drive machines were installed at shaft 2 . The drive machine 1 and the fans were built by Schüchtermann & Krämer. Both fans were connected to the shaft via a weather channel . With an equivalent pit width of three square meters, each fan could suck up to 6000 m 3 of weather from the pit building per minute . Fan 1's steam-powered prime mover had an output of 250 hp. A gas engine with a drive power of 250 HP was installed by the Krupp company for fan two. The power transmission to the fans was carried out in both drive machines by means of hemp ropes with a thickness of 45 millimeters.

Expansion of the mine

In 1900 the 6th level was set in shaft 2 at a depth of 525 meters (- 484 m above sea level). In 1901 the coking plant was expanded to include several ovens. In 1902, the sinking work for the Mathias Stinnes 3/4 pit began in the northern part of the field, in Gladbeck- Brauck. The mine was located 2.5 kilometers north of Mathias Stinnes 1/2. This part of the company was later connected to the Mathias Stinnes train station. In order to set up the shaft system, miners were withdrawn from operating part 1/2 and carried out the necessary work on 3/4. In the same year, Mathias Stinnes 1/2 started an undercut on the 4th level. In order to create adequate living space for the miners near the mine, the company manager Hugo Stinnes ordered the construction of 52 two-family houses in the southern area of ​​Brauck. In 1903 the coking plant was expanded to include more ovens. The coking plant now had a total of 145 ovens, which were divided into three batteries . Of the ovens, 95 were sub-burner ovens and 50 were regeneration sub-burner ovens. In the same year, the 3rd shaft with the 4th level by Mathias Stinnes 1/2 was penetrated. For Mathias Stinnes 3/4, however, this was the first sole. A third compressor was put into operation on Mathias Stinnes 1/2. This compressor, which was manufactured by the Rud. Meyer was built, could produce 6,800 cubic meters of compressed air per hour at a pressure of six bar . In the following year, shaft 3 was penetrated with the 6th level by Mathias Stinnes 1/2. Thus, the shaft with the second floor was now with another sole durchschlägig. In the same year the Mathias Stinnes II mine field was awarded . On March 29 of the same year, the Mathias Stinnes union bought the Maria Anna & Steinbank colliery . By purchasing this mine, the union was able to increase its stake in the Rheinisch-Westfälischen Kohlen-Syndikat. In addition, two electric hoisting machines from Siemens Schuckert were installed at shaft 3 this year. Each of the machines was driven by two DC motors , each with an output of 294 kilowatts . Two Ilgner converters were put into operation to generate the direct current . Two pit fans, each driven by a three-phase motor, were installed for ventilation. Since no compressor had been installed on operating part 3/4, the required compressed air was taken from the Stinnes 1/2 network. A carpenter's shop, a forge and a locksmith's shop were operated above ground. In addition, a chew and a dressing room were in operation.

In 1905, the sinking work on shaft 1 was resumed and the shaft was sunk deeper. In addition, the southern funding was converted from drum funding to coep funding . The conical drums were replaced by a traction sheave with a diameter of eight meters. A fourth compressor was also put into operation. This compressor could generate 6,800 cubic meters of compressed air per hour at a pressure of six bar. It was also made by the Rud. Meyer delivered. Funding began on Mathias Stinnes 3/4 in the same year. About day one was conveyor bridge between Mathias Stinnes built 1/2 and 3/4. In the same year, the union took a seven percent stake in the newly founded Rheinisch-Westfälische Bergwerks-Gesellschaft mbH in Mülheim. The reason for this participation was to secure shares in already muted reserve fields in the northern part of the mountain area. In 1906, shaft 1 was penetrated with the 6th level. Shaft 4 reached a depth of 649 meters. At this depth, a breakthrough was made between the 6th level by Mathias Stinnes 1/2 and the 2nd level Mathias Stinnes 3/4. In 1908 a die for the 7th level was created on Mathias Stinnes 1/2 . The 7th level was set in the die at a depth of 649 meters (-608 m above sea level). In the same year, the third level was set in shaft 4 at a depth of 650 meters (-609 m above sea level). The sole was later renamed the 7th sole. In the same year, the fifth compressor was put into operation for days. This compressor was made by the Rud. Meyer and was identical to the other two compressors that the company had already installed. In 1909, the sinking work on shaft 4 was continued. In 1910 a coking plant with 65 ovens was put into operation at Mathias Stinnes 3/4. In the same year, the sinking work on shafts 1 and 2 was continued and the shafts were sunk deeper. Shaft 1 was sunk to the 7th level. In the same year, the alignment work in the Welheim field began on the 6th and 7th level . Shafts 3 and 4 were sunk deeper again. Shaft 3 was sunk to the third level. The fourth level was set in shaft 4 at a depth of 842 meters (-801 m above sea level). This sole was later renamed the 8th sole. In the same year, the sinking work for shaft 5 began in Bottrop-Boy. The shaft was abandoned a short time later. In 1911, shaft 2 was penetrated with the 7th level. In the following year, several blind shafts were built in the Mathias Stinnes 1/2 construction site and the 8th level was set at a depth of 842 meters (-801 m above sea level). In 1913, the Mathias Stinnes 1/2 construction field and the Welheim field were cut through. At this point in time, the rights holders covered an area of ​​6.3 km 2 . In 1914 the mine on the Rhein-Herne Canal opened its own port .

Operation and other technical innovations

In 1915 the filling site on the 8th level broke , and four miners were killed. As a result, the further alignment of the 8th level was postponed. In 1922, the sinking work for a new shaft 5 was started on section 1/2. The shaft was placed next to shafts 1 and 2. In 1924, mining began in shaft 5 from level 7. In the same year, the Mathias Stinnes union increased its stake in the Westfälische Bergwerk-Gesellschaft mbH to 33 percent. On April 4, 1925, there was a serious accident while traveling by cable to shaft 5. In this accident, the four-day hoist cage with 70 miners crashed and hit the shaft sump at a depth of 650 meters, with eleven miners losing their lives. Around 10,000 people accompanied the funeral procession through Karnap. The names of all the fatalities and the injured were published in the Gelsenkirchen-Horster newspaper . Memorial stones in the Karnaper cemetery remind of the accidents of 1925 and 1933.

In 1927 the union entered into an interest group with the Glaswerke Ruhr AG. As a result of the operational management contract that was concluded, Glaswerke Ruhr AG accepted part of the coke oven gas from the mine. Furthermore, an interest group agreement was concluded with the Mülheimer Bergwerk-Verein . This contract stipulated that the profits of both companies would be combined. The Mathias Stinnes union received 40 percent of the total and the Mülheimer Bergwerks-Verein 60 percent. In 1929, shaft 2 was penetrated with the 8th level. In the following year, construction site 3/4 with the United Welheim colliery broke through. In addition, the Stinnes 1/2/5 coking plant was shut down. As part of adaptation measures during the Great Depression was colliery Welheim removed from the promotion in 1931 and the mine Stinnes connected 3/4. On November 4, 1932, a vibrating slide broke on site 3/4 , killing four miners. On April 29 of 1933, it came to the construction site 1/2/5 to Schlagwetterexplosion , in this mining accident nine miners were killed. From 1938, the Stinnes 1/2/5 coking plant was reopened. In the same year, shaft 5 was penetrated with the eighth level. Towards the end of the Second World War, the mining facilities were badly damaged. Coking plant 1/2 was destroyed in a bomb attack. The wash house , the boiler house and the gasometer were also severely damaged.

The mine was back in operation in 1946. The Mathias Stinnes 1/2/5 and Welheim 1/2 systems were available. The main lift level was the 8th level. At this point in time, the total authorized area covered 8.9 km 2 . In order to be able to produce coke again, the coke oven battery built in the last years of the war was repaired and put back into operation. In 1947, the sinking work on shafts 4 and 5 was resumed in order to sink them deeper from the 8th level. Starting in 1949, the coking plant began to completely repair the three defective batteries, each with 30 ovens. In the same year, the 9th level was set in the Stinnes 3/4 construction site at a depth of 1008 meters (- 967 m above sea level). In 1950 shaft 5 was penetrated with the 9th level. In the same year, the Mathias Stinnes union leased the Vereinigte Welheim power plant from the Mülheimer Bergwerks-Verein. In addition, the mine began to electrically equip underground operations. This year, the Mathias Stinnes union bought the property in Essen-Karnap on Beisekampsfurt / Arenbergstrasse from the city of Essen and had it expanded into one of the most modern sports stadiums at the time, which was named Stadium Mathias Stinnes . In addition to a soccer field, tennis courts and running tracks, this stadium also received a sports center that was not only used for events by the Mathias Stinnes management, but was also equipped with a modern lifting platform that was used for all kinds of artistic performances. In this stadium not only physical exercises for miners took place, but also sporting competitions of all kinds that went beyond the borders of Essen. The first international football match of a German women's national team took place in this stadium on September 23, 1956 and is still of great historical and historical importance today. In 1951, a die was made from the 8th level in the Welheim field. On December 5th of the same year a mine fire broke out in the mine , in which eleven miners died. In 1952, the repair work on the coke ovens was finished and the ovens could be put back into operation. On June 9 of the same year, the mining union was transformed into the Mathias Stinnes AG hard coal mines . In addition, shaft 1 was converted into a weather shaft. In 1953, the new tower hoisting system was put into operation at shaft 5. The headframe was 73 meters high and at that time was the tallest headframe in the world. A hoisting machine with an output of 10,000 kilowatts was installed in the tower, which was also the most powerful hoisting machine in the world. The shaft conveyor was equipped with a vessel conveyor . The conveyor equipped in this way was able to lift a payload of 15 tons at a speed of 20 meters per second. In the same year, the sinking work on shaft 3 was continued. In the following year, the 3rd floor was penetrated by the 4th floor.

The last few years until the shutdown

In 1955, a new heavy liquid wash was completed on Stinnes 1/2/5 . In the same year, a mine gas extraction system was put into operation on the Welheim branch. From 1958, the sinking work on shaft 1 was continued in order to sink the shaft deeper. In the following year, shaft 1 was penetrated with the 9th level. From this year on, the 9th level became the main conveying level. On May 26th of the same year the coking plant on Mathias Stinnes 1/2/5 was shut down. From 1961, shaft 2 was sunk deeper. In March 1962 there were wildcat strikes by Turkish miners in the mine. The reason was misunderstandings on the migrant side regarding the opaque wage accounting system in German mining. The Turkish miners demanded top wages without any deductions. The interpreter was also threatened during this wildcat strike. Ten of the strikers who broke their contracts were dismissed and expelled from the country. In 1963, shaft 2 was penetrated with the 9th level. In 1965 the 6th and 7th levels were dropped in the Mathias Stinnes field . The shafts on the Welheim operating section, shaft 1 and shaft 2, were only used for ventilation; from this point onwards, the cable car was carried out on the Mathias Stinnes 3/4 operating section.

On March 31, 1967, the coking plant at Mathias Stinnes 3/4 was shut down. In addition, the Stinnes 3/4 mine was shut down this year. Shaft 5 became the central shaft , and from September 4th, the coals were transported underground to the shaft , where they were conveyed for days. In order to be able to manage the additional extraction underground, the line extraction has been modernized. For this purpose, the track network in the conveyor lines was first renewed. Furthermore, the compressed air- powered mine locomotives used up to then were replaced by battery locomotives. In addition, new side discharge cars with a capacity of 4000 liters were used for coal extraction. In 1968 the Ruhrkohle AG was founded and the Mathias Stinnes colliery was incorporated into the newly founded Ruhrkohle AG. The mine was affiliated to Bergbau AG Gelsenkirchen. In the same year the Welheim 2 shaft was filled . In addition, the Rheinbaben 3/4 shafts of the closed Rheinbaben colliery together with the pit field were taken over as an outdoor facility.

Promotion and workforce

The first mining and workforce figures come from the year 1872, at that time 151 miners were employed at the mine who produced 5308 tons of hard coal . In 1880, the production was already 107,168 tons of hard coal, the workforce was 472 employees. In 1885, 151,513 tons of hard coal were mined with 580 employees. In 1890, the production was 154,450 tons of hard coal, 609 people were employed. In 1898, with 1473 employees, 474,135 tons of hard coal were mined. In 1900 the production was already 641,591 tons of hard coal, the workforce was 2084 employees. In 1905, a total of 688,633 tons of hard coal were mined with 2395 employees. In 1907 the one million tons mark was exceeded. With 3692 employees, 1,316,572 tons of hard coal were mined this year. In 1910 4,055 employees mined 1,179,317 tons of hard coal. In 1913 the workforce was 6,028, the production amounted to 1,726,187 tons of hard coal. In 1915, 4178 employees produced 1.15 million tons of hard coal.

In 1920 the workforce was 6659, the production totaled 1,148,122 tons of hard coal. In 1925, 1,487,831 tons of hard coal were mined with 5834 employees. In 1930 the production was 1,600,000 tons of hard coal, there were 5220 employees. In 1935, a total of 1,682,138 tons of hard coal were mined with 4,090 employees. In 1940 the two million ton mark was exceeded for the first time. With 6,415 employees, 2,538,226 tons of hard coal were mined this year. The maximum production of the mine was achieved in 1943, with 7,830 miners, 2,656,660 tons of hard coal were extracted. In 1950 the production sank again below the two million tons mark, with 7,940 employees 1,897,869 tons of hard coal were extracted. In 1960, the production was 1,912,400 tons of hard coal, there were 6778 employees. In 1970, 2890 miners were still employed at the mine; 1,438,250 tons of hard coal were extracted. These are the last known sponsorship and workforce figures. A total of 130 million tons of hard coal were mined at the Mathias Stinnes colliery during its 100-year operation.

Decommissioning and reuse

As part of the general adaptation plan for Ruhr coal mining, the Mathias Stinnes colliery was no longer certified as having a sufficient remaining service life. On December 15, 1972, production was stopped and the Mathias Stinnes colliery closed. The shafts Stinnes 1 to 4, Welheim 1 and Rheinbaben 3/4 were filled and the other systems demolished. Stinnes 5 shaft was initially left open. In 1974 the shaft was dropped and a concrete plug was placed on it. In 1981 and 1982 the shaft wall was renovated to the point of plugging. In addition, part of the concrete plug was removed again. From 1982 set up as a weather shaft for the Nordstern colliery . After the closure, the central workshops of Ruhrkohle AG were set up on Mathias Stinnes 3/4 site . In 1989 work began on installing a central drainage system at shaft 5 . This dewatering should drain the areas of Bottrop, Gladbeck and Essen Süd. For this purpose, the remaining concrete plug in the shaft was first removed. The shaft then had to be rehabilitated from 220 meters to a depth of 1000 meters. In addition, a 4.3-kilometer connection to the Zollverein 1/2 shaft was excavated underground. On January 1st, 1999, the Mathias Stinnes central workshop was shut down. In the same year, the central water management on Mathias Stinnes went into operation.

Current condition

Today little reminds of the former Mathias Stinnes colliery. The surface facilities were demolished. In 1982 in Essen-Karnap a sheave from shaft 4 was installed on Arenbergstrasse. The entire Mathias Stinnes settlement in Essen has been preserved, as well as the settlements on Uferstrasse, Emscherstrasse and Schleusenstrasse in Gladbeck-Brauck. Mathias Stinnes 1/2/5 was acquired by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia; In the meantime there are several commercial settlements such as the Ruhrglas industrial park and Carnaperhof II. The Stinnes 5 shaft was finally demolished on January 16, 2003. The colliery wall and some of the halls that are used for commercial purposes are still preserved from Plant 3/4. Another pulley has been set up at the confluence of Vehrenbergstrasse / Otto-Hue-Strasse in Gladbeck. The site in Bottrop-Welheim, which has also housed a refinery since 1937, was extensively renovated and is now built with a large furniture store with a parking garage, a hardware store and a substation. There are two Protego hoods on the parking lot in front of the furniture store.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar Joachim Huske : Die Steinkohlenzechen in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144) 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. In: The Blue Books . 6th edition, expanded to include a digression according to p. 216 and updated in energy policy parts, the 5th edition, completely revised. u. extended. Langewiesche publishing house , Königstein im Taunus 2008, ISBN 978-3-7845-6994-9 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Gerhard Gebhardt: Ruhr mining. History, structure and interdependence of its societies and organizations. Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1957
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Eva Sunderbrink, Karl Heinz König: We are eating . In: EMG-Essen Marketing GmbH. (Ed.): Essen Marketing. Druck Schröders Druck GmbH Essen, Essen May 2012, pp. 20-25
  5. ↑ a b c d Carnap history circle , source: Werkzeitschrift der Stinnes AG Betriebe (ed.): Self-published by Stinnes
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Paul Neubaur: Mathias Stinnes and his house. A century of development 1808-1908, printed by Jul.Bagel, Mülheim AD Ruhr 1909
  7. ↑ a b Mathias Stinnes settlement (northern part) . In: City of Essen, Building and Transport Committee. (Ed.): List of monuments city of Essen. Essen 2005, pp. 1–6
  8. ↑ a b c d City of Gladbeck, Office for Urban Planning and Building Supervision (Ed.): Integrated action concept Brauck . Pp. 3-5
  9. ^ Thorsten Kamp: Historical development of Brauck . In: City of Gladbeck, Office for Urban Planning and Building Supervision. (Ed.): Design guide for monument area statutes Brauck A. Scheuvens + Wachten, Dortmund, pp. 6–8
  10. ^ Hans-Günter Kleff: From the farmer to the industrial worker; on the collective life story of migrant workers from Turkey. 2nd edition, Verlag Manfred Werkmeister 1985, ISBN 978-3925385001
  11. ↑ a b Joachim Huske: The hard coal mining in the Ruhr area from its beginnings to the year 2000. 2nd edition. Regio-Verlag Peter Voß, Werne 2001, ISBN 3-929158-12-4 .
  12. ↑ a b Short messages, Mathias Stinnes shaft 5 . In: Deilmann-Haniel GmbH. (Ed.): Our company, company magazine for the companies of the Deilmann-Haniel Group. No. 52, FW Rubens GmbH & Co. KG, Unna August 1989, p. 4
  13. ↑ RAG Foundation (Ed.): Chronicle of the coal mining in the Ruhr area. P. 4