Our Fritz mine

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Our Fritz mine
General information about the mine
Our Fritz1.jpg
Our Fritz 2/3, colliery building, now artist's studio, exhibition and event room
Mining technology Underground mining
Funding / year Max. 891,000 t
Information about the mining company
Employees up to 4026
Start of operation 1874
End of operation 1928
Funded raw materials
Degradation of Hard coal
Geographical location
Coordinates 51 ° 32 '24 "  N , 7 ° 8' 6"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 32 '24 "  N , 7 ° 8' 6"  E
Our Fritz colliery (Ruhr Regional Association)
Our Fritz mine
Location Our Fritz colliery
Location Our Fritz
local community Herne
Independent city ( NUTS3 ) Herne
country State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country Germany
District Ruhr area

The buildings of Unser Fritz 2/3 still preserved today
Our Fritz 2/3, Protego hood in front of the machine house
Malakow tower above shaft 1 of the former Our Fritz colliery in Herne. Built in 1873.
Remnants of shaft 5 on the Cranger Kirmesplatz

The Unser Fritz colliery was a hard coal mine in Wanne-Eickel (today the Unser Fritz district in Herne ). The mine emerged from the United Gregor colliery. Our Fritz was one of the most important mines in the Arnsberg administrative district in the second half of the 19th century . Patron of the colliery's Emperor Frederick III. with its popular nickname . The hard coal mine Unser Fritz was one of the founding members of the Rheinisch-Westphalian coal syndicate .

history

The beginnings

Debt for 1000 marks of the union "Our Fritz" from February 1912

From 1858 the quarter fields Gregor, Gregor I, Cyprian, Liberia and Liberia I were awarded . The pit fields Gregor, Gregor I and Cyprian were awarded to master bakers and joiners in the city of Herne. However, the trades ran out of money over the years. In 1864 the fields Gregor, Gregor I and Cyprian consolidated into United Gregor. On September 18, 1871, the mining law union was founded by Friedrich Grillo. In addition to Grillo, Wilhelm Hagedorn and the banker Ludwig von Born were involved in founding the union . In the same year the fields Liberia, Liberia I and Vereinigte Gregor were consolidated into the Vereinigte Gregor colliery. The rights holders covered an area of ​​4.9 km 2 . In the same year, the sinking work for shaft 1, called shaft Sophie, began. The shaft had a clear cross-section of 4.07 meters. During the sinking work, after just a few meters, an eight-meter- thick layer of flowing sand was found. In 1872 the name was changed to Unser Fritz. The first mining director of the Unser Fritz mine consisted of the trades Friedrich Grillo, Wilhelm Hagedorn, Ludwig von Born and Fritz Funke . The sinking work was continued despite the difficulties caused by the flowing sand and strong water inflows. In order to stop the water inflow, segments made of cast iron were installed in the upper area . The further expansion of the shaft took place with brick masonry. In 1873, which reached the shaft at 216 meters depth the carbon . In addition, the first level was set at a depth of 260 meters (−211 m above sea ​​level ) and the second level at a depth of 315 meters (−264 m above sea level). The shaft was equipped with a Malakow tower for extraction . The first coal was mined that same year. Regular funding began in the following year.

The first years of operation

After regular production operations had started, the sinking work on shaft 1 was continued in 1876 and the shaft was sunk deeper. In the same year were for the promotion in the directional lines and cross passages pit pony used. On July 25th of the same year there was a firedamp explosion . Seven miners were killed in this mining accident . Up until this point in time, the weather draft in the mine was generated naturally. Since this was not enough to dilute the hitting weather sufficiently, the first pit ventilator for ventilation was put into operation a few months later . In 1876 the mine was connected to the railway network. A connection to the Wanne station of the Cöln-Mindener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft (CME) and to the Bismarck station of the Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft (BME) secured the sale of the coal produced. Bricks were baked in their own ring kiln brickworks for the Dannekamp colliery colony . In 1877 the third level was set at a depth of 374 meters (−325 m above sea level). On October 25th of the same year the board decided to start negotiations with the administration of the Zeche Consolidation about the sale of coal from the Zeche Unser Fritz. Since the Unser Fritz colliery did not yet have a second exit from the mine, negotiations were carried out with Consolidation colliery about approval to create a breakthrough to the Consolidation mine building. Since the main trades of Unser Fritz were also main trades of Consolidation, this copy was approved.

In 1877, the breakthrough with shaft 3 Consolidation was made on the second level of our Fritz. In 1878 the sinking work on shaft 1 was resumed and the shaft was sunk deeper. On January 30th of the same year Consolidation took over the technical and commercial management of Unser Fritz. In 1879 there was pressure in shaft 1 and the affected area had to be built through. In 1881 a breakthrough with the Consolidation 3 shaft was created on the 3rd level. As the trades objected to the contract with Consolidation, the Consolidation colliery withdrew from the contract this year. Our Fritz colliery thus remained independent. In September of the same year, the sinking work for shaft 2 began. The shaft was one kilometer north of the shaft 1 in Herne-Wanne north of the Emscher set . Since the mine had only been operated with losses up to this point , the trades were forced to obtain the necessary capital of 1.2 million marks through loans. In the following year, shaft 2 reached the Carboniferous at a depth of 228 meters. In the same year, the first level was set at a depth of 270 meters (−219 m above sea level). In 1885, shaft 2 reached a depth of 460 meters. In the same year, the production in shaft 2 was started. Since shaft 2 did not have its own rail connection, the coal transported here was transported to shaft 1 by means of a chain conveyor.

The other years

In 1886 the sinking work on shaft 1 was resumed and the shaft was sunk deeper. At a depth of 450 meters (−401 m above sea level), the fourth level was set in both shafts. In the following year, a breakthrough was created between shaft 1 and shaft 2 on the 4th level. That year the mine made a yield for the first time . In 1889, the 5th level was set in the construction site of shaft 1 via a blind shaft at a depth of 546 meters (−497 m above sea level). In the same year, the small Geviertfeld Fleute was awarded. In 1890, shaft 1 was equipped with an iron head frame . In addition, the shaft was equipped with a new hoisting machine. The winding machine was built by Friedrich Wilhelm-Hütte from Mülheim. On July 30 of the same year there was a firedamp explosion in the construction site of shaft 2. In this firedamp explosion, which occurred in the Zollverein 4 seam, nine miners were killed. In 1891 the rights covered an area of ​​ten square kilometers. In the following year, a blind shaft was sunk to the 5th level in the construction site of shaft 2. In 1893 the 5th level was set in the blind shaft. In 1894 a break from the 5th level was made in shaft 1 . In 1896, shaft 1 was penetrable up to the 5th level. In November 1897, the sinking work for shaft 3 began. The shaft should serve as a weather shaft and was added next to shaft 2. Towards the end of the same year, the sinking work began to sink the flowing sand. During the work there was a collapse of swimming sand, killing an upper climber . The shaft was badly damaged by the floating sand, so that the sinking work was delayed considerably. A compressor was installed on shaft 2 above ground , and the renovation of the wash house began. At that time the mine belonged to the Gelsenkirchen mining district .

In 1898 the sinking work on shaft 2 was resumed and the shaft was sunk deeper to the 5th level. At this time, six were in the construction area of shaft 1 products seams in Verhieb , of which four seams with mountains means , the other two seams were made of pure carbon. The thickness of the seams was between 0.8 and 2.5 meters, for the seams with a rock material the thickness of the rock mass was between 0.1 and 0.4 meters. On the construction site of shaft 2, a total of 13 seams with a thickness of 0.6 to 2.5 meters were in excavation, ten of which were seams with a mining portion, the other three seams were made of pure coal. In the case of the seams with rock material, the thickness of the rock material was between 0.1 and 0.6 meters. In the following year, the weather shaft 3 went into operation up to the first level. On December 19 of the same year there was a mine fire, in which three miners were killed. In 1901, shaft 3 was penetrated with the 4th level and the following year with the 5th level. In 1902 a field exchange was made with the neighboring Consolidation mine. In 1903, shaft 3 was completely commissioned. The shaft was used as an extending weather shaft, shaft 2 now became a retracting shaft. In the same year, a breakthrough was made on the 5th level between construction fields 1 and 2/3. In 1904 there was a field swap with the Graf Bismarck colliery . From 1906, excavation of the 6th level began in the Shaft 1 construction site. The 6th level was driven through blind shafts at a depth of 642 meters (−593 m above sea level). In 1907 the functions of shafts 2 and 3 were swapped. Shaft 2 was converted into a weather shaft and shaft 3 into a delivery shaft. From 1908 the mine field was further aligned . The construction of a coking plant and a new coal washing plant began above ground . In the same year, the sinking work for shaft 4 began. The shaft was placed next to shaft 1. In 1910 the shaft reached the intended depth. In the same year, shaft 4 to the 6th level went into production. The shaft together with the shaft formed the plant 1/4.

Further expansion and operation

After shaft 4 had started production, shaft 1 took on the function of a weather shaft. In 1910, a breakthrough was made on the 6th level between the operation parts 1/4 and 2/3. The coking plant was put into operation in 1911. In 1912, when the Rhine-Herne Canal was built, the Emscher was pivoted a few hundred meters and has since then flowed north of the 2/3 shaft. In 1913, a blind shaft was sunk in construction site 1/4 and the 7th level was set at a depth of 744 meters (−695 m above sea level). In the same year a second coking plant and a benzene factory were put into operation on Unser Fritz. In addition, Unser Fritz received its own loading port with a port railway on the Rhine-Herne Canal. With the outbreak of the First World War , a third of the staff of Unser Fritz was called up for military service. In order to be able to compensate for the associated decline in production, retired miners were reactivated, and prisoners of war were also used to work in the mine. In 1918, the Unser Fritz colliery was acquired by Mannesmannröhren-Werke AG . With the resolution of the trade union meeting on April 25 of the same year, all assets and liabilities were transferred to Mannesmannröhren-Werke AG. After the transfer to Mannesmannröhren-Werke AG, the mine was expanded further. In 1920, the excavation work on shaft 5 began. The shaft was intended as a weather shaft for construction field 2/3 and was set up in the south-east field, 1.8 kilometers northeast of shafts 1 and 4, at the Wanne harbor. In 1922, Unser Fritz was acquired by the Consolidation colliery.

The last few years until the shutdown

In 1923 the two mines Consolidation and Unser Fritz were merged. Both mines remained in operation as separate plants. On June 22nd of the same year the mine was occupied by French soldiers for 74 days . In the MICUM agreement, the control commission confiscated coal, coke and also pit wood as reparations . In the following year, the 6th level in construction site 2/3 was aligned using blind shafts. In July 1925, the coking plant was shut down on part 1/4. In addition, on December 31 of the same year, operating section 2/3 and shaft 5 were shut down. Both of the decommissioned plants remained open for maintenance. After 1925 the coal sales of the mine deteriorated. In 1926, shaft 3 to level 6 and shaft 4 to level 7 were in operation. On November 30, 1928, the Unser Fritz colliery was shut down. The port of Unser Fritz continued to operate. The mine building remained open for Consolidation ventilation. In addition, necessary maintenance was carried out. In 1929 the mine field of Unser Fritz came to the Zeche Consolidation.

Promotion and workforce

The first production and workforce figures for the mine come from the year 1875. In that year, with 530 employees, 93,162 tons of hard coal were extracted. In 1880 the production was 107,671 tons of hard coal, the workforce was 468 employees. In 1885 the production rose to 227,383 tons of hard coal, the workforce was 931 employees. In 1890 the production was 394,818 tons of hard coal, the workforce was 1304 employees. In 1895, 1,602 employees produced 465,097 tons of hard coal. In 1900 the production exceeded the mark of 0.5 million tons. This year, 688,402 tons of hard coal were mined with 2317 employees. In 1905 the production sank to 649,704 tons of hard coal, the workforce was 2241 employees. In 1910 the production rose to 778,522 tons of hard coal, the workforce amounted to 2,729 employees. In 1915, the production was 697,724 tons of hard coal, the workforce was 2271 employees. In 1920 the production rose to 807,936 tons of hard coal, the workforce was 4026 employees. The highest production was achieved in 1925 with 3842 employees, 891,000 tons of hard coal were produced. In 1927, 2,838 people were still employed at the mine; 880,797 tons of hard coal were extracted. These are the last known sponsorship and workforce figures.

Reuse

Mine gas extraction system at shaft 3 - September 2005

On January 1, 1936, the system was put back into operation and the shafts were used by the Consolidation colliery for cable travel and material transport . In the years that followed, new mining technologies were tested and further developed on the Unser Fritz construction site. For example, the shaking chute was introduced here for conveying in the struts . In the course of the mining crisis in the 1960s, production in the Unser Fritz construction site was discontinued. The construction site was given up in 1993 as part of the Hugo and Consolidation collieries , and the remaining Unser-Fritz shafts were filled . The day facilities were demolished, except for the Malakow tower of shaft 1.

After the shutdown and the related abandonment of ventilating the mine workings , there was a significant increase in mine gas crossings to shaft 11 ( Shamrock , location: Herne-Wanne) of the Blumenthal / Haard colliery , so that production there was at risk. Therefore, a mine gas extraction system was set up at the site in order to discharge the gas by applying a negative pressure to the pit 2/3.

Todays use

Since the mid-1960s, the disused pit 2/3 has developed into a local center for artists, the artist mine Unser Fritz . In 1964, Helmut Bettenhausen took the initiative to convert the old colliery, but it was not until 1972 that other artists joined him, including Horst Dieter Gölzenleuchter , who is also known outside of the Ruhr area .

View from the tower to the west

The 1/4 pit was demolished except for the Malakow tower. The Malakow tower above shaft 1 is one of the few winding towers of this type that have survived to this day. Both the remaining building of complex 1/4 and the artists' colony are part of the route of industrial culture . The largest deep-freeze warehouse in Germany is being built on a 13 hectare site on the Unser Fritz 1-4 industrial estate. With the start of construction in November 2018, a cooling logistics center will be built on the former colliery site, with a storage capacity of 90,000 pallets on a built-up area of ​​over 34,000 square meters.

Since 2000, the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe has been planning to build a penal institution for forensic psychiatry on the site of the Unser Fritz colliery and the Pluto colliery . A location was chosen on the south adjoining area of ​​the Pluto colliery. The work was completed in 2011. On February 2, 2011, 36 patients from the Lippstadt Lippstadt Clinic and the Wilfried Rasch Clinic in Dortmund were transferred to Herne. The clinic on the former colliery site offers space for 90 mentally ill offenders.

On other parts of the former colliery site, residential development is being promoted with funding from the State of North Rhine-Westphalia . The basin of the former loading port of the colliery was separated from the canal. The embankments of the basin were planted with greenery and the system converted into a wet biotope .

Location of the shafts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144) 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
  2. ↑ a b c Ministry of Trade and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Volume forty-sixth, published by Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1898.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Publishing house Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster, Königstein i. Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Gerhard Gebhardt: Ruhr mining. History, structure and interdependence of its societies and organizations. Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1957
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Wolfgang Viehweger: Trace of coal: Europe in Herne and Wanne-Eickel. Frischtexte Verlag, Herne 2000, ISBN 3-933059-03-8 .
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Erich Zdebel: History of the mine Our Fritz . In: Association of Mansfeld miners and smelters. (Ed.): Special Communication No. 3, Eisleben 2000, pp. 2–7
  7. ^ A b c d Günter Streich, Corneel Voigt: Zechen Dominanten im Revier. 2nd expanded and revised edition, Verlag Beleke KG, Nobel-Verlag GmbH, Essen 1999, ISBN 3-922785-58-1 .
  8. ↑ a b Gerhard Knospe: Works Railways in German Coal Mining and Its Steam Locomotives, Part 1 - Data, facts, sources . 1st edition. Self-published, Heiligenhaus 2018, ISBN 978-3-9819784-0-7 , p. 680 .
  9. ^ A b Association for Mining Interests in the Upper Mining District Dortmund: The Development of Lower Rhine-Westphalian Hard Coal Mining in the Second Half of the 19th Century. Julius Springer's publishing bookstore, Berlin 1902, p. 332
  10. ↑ Local compass accessed on November 30, 2018
  11. ↑ Planning of the LWL Clinic ( Memento from October 17, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (last accessed on May 26, 2014)
  12. ↑ First patients arrived in Herner LWL-Forensik (accessed on February 5, 2011)
  13. ↑ http://www.bezreg-arnsberg.nrw.de/regionalrat/tagesordnung/2008/2008_06_19/Top_6/begruendung.pdf (link not available)

Web links

Commons : Zeche Unser Fritz  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files