Weather train
In mining, the weather draft is the movement that the air masses in the mine workings assume. The miner describes the weather train as a natural weather train or an artificial weather train, depending on its origin.
Basics
In the mines there is an amount of weather corresponding to the volume of the mines . Is now a part of this weather than Abwetter added from the mine workings removed or as fresh weather, so there is a disturbance of the air masses. The air masses now strive to compensate for this imbalance in order to restore the state of equilibrium. If these disturbances continue to occur, continuous movement ensues. In order for this continuous movement to take place, there must always be two spatially separated air masses. These air masses must also have different densities .
Natural weather train
The natural flow of weather is created by temperature differences between the individual entrances and exits of the mine . The prerequisite for this is that the two day openings are at two points on the earth's surface that are different from the height level. Since the temperature on the earth's surface fluctuates over the course of the seasons, but remains relatively constant from a certain depth onwards , there can be an exchange of air masses with the corresponding currents, i.e. the natural weather movement. In the case of natural weather patterns, the direction of the meteorological movement depends on the respective outside temperature. The natural weather draft is only sufficient in mines with a small mine building, in mines with a larger mine building, especially in hard coal mines with strong weather , the natural weather draft is no longer sufficient.
Artificial weather train
The artificial weather draft can be generated by increasing the weather temperature, by blowing air into the mine building or by sucking out weather from the mine building. The artificial weather train is necessary wherever there is insufficient natural weather train. This may also be necessary in mines where there is no sufficient natural flow of weather in transition periods. As early as the 16th century, efforts were made to create an artificial meteorological draft in the tunnel mines of the time using suitable measures. The reason for this was the saving of the light holes required for the creation of the natural weather train . During the transition to civil engineering , especially in the hard coal mines, the creation of an artificial weather train was imperative.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Carl von Scheuchenstuel : IDIOTICON the Austrian mining and metallurgy language. kk court bookseller Wilhelm Braumüller, Vienna 1856
- ↑ a b Carl Hartmann: Concise dictionary of the mountain, hut and Saltwork science of mineralogy and geognosy. Fourth volume QZ, 2nd edition, J. Scheible's Buchhandlung, Stuttgart 1841
- ↑ a b c d e Heinrich Veith: German mountain dictionary with documents. Published by Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Breslau 1871
- ^ A b Wilfried Ließmann: Historical mining in the Harz. 3rd edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-540-31327-4