Amount of weather

In mining , the amount of weather is the volume of weather in the mine or in individual mine workings as well as the volume of weather flowing into or out of the mine or through individual mine workings or through weather structures . The amount of weather in the waste stream is always greater than the amount of weather in the fresh weather due to outgassing or physical processes. Knowledge of the required amount of weather is required to dimension the route cross-sections and to determine the appropriate pit ventilator .

Basics and history

The need for weather is different in every mine . The amount of weather required initially depends on how many miners are underground . Another factor that determines the amount of weather is the temperature in the respective mine. Ultimately, the amount of weather also depends on whether firedamp can occur in the respective mine . In the 19th century only small amounts of weather were required in the mines. This changed considerably with increasing depth and the size of the mine buildings . Until the beginning of the second half of the 19th century, there was also no reliable information on how large the amount of weather was that was fed to the respective underground operations. This only changed after 1860, when a commission carried out weather measurements on 23 mines in the Dortmund mining district in 1861 and 1863. A set of rules on the principles of good weather management was issued by the firedamp commission. This was then regulated in the Mountain Police Ordinance of the Royal Higher Mining Office in Dortmund from 1887/88.

Planning the amount of weather

When planning the required amount of weather, a distinction must be made between whether a mine is "gas-producing" or not. In the case of salt or ore mines, the need for weather can be planned according to the number of people who are underground. Here, the number of miners on the most heavily occupied shift is taken into account as a planning basis for the necessary amount of weather . Wherever open lighting is used, this must also be taken into account in the planning. In mines where pit horses are used, the number of horses must also be taken into account when planning the amount of weather required. At greater depths, it is often necessary to achieve cooling through a larger amount of weather. If vehicles with diesel engines are used in a mine , the amount of weather for this mine must be determined separately. According to the Technical Rules for Hazardous Substances (TRGS 554), a computational proof must be provided per vehicle for the amount of weather required for this , or a specific amount of weather per KW engine output of 3.4 cubic meters per minute must be provided without computational proof. In the case of so-called gas-producing pits, the amount of weather per pit construction must be significantly higher. Here it is necessary that the danger created by the gases released is eliminated. For this reason, the amount of weather to be brought in must be many times higher in firedamp mines than in other mines. Due to the higher amount of weather, the harmful gases are diluted, thus reduced to a harmless level and weathered .

Increase in the amount of weather

The optimal amount of weather that can flow through a mine depends on the nature of the mine and the speed of the weather in the respective mine. If the amount of weather in a mine is to be increased, this can be achieved relatively easily by increasing the weather speed. However, for reasons of security, this measure can only be carried out to a limited extent. An increase in the speed of the weather also leads to an increase in depression. Another measure is to widen the weather paths. This makes it possible to let a larger amount of weather flow into the mine with the same depression. The amount of weather that flows through a mine or a weather structure is very strongly influenced by the weather resistance on its way through the weather paths. By reducing the weather resistance, e.g. B. by lining or concreting the joints , the amount of weather can also be increased.

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b Association for Mining Interests in the Upper Mining District Dortmund: The Development of Lower Rhine-Westphalian Hard Coal Mining in the Second Half of the 19th Century. Volume VI Wetterwirtschaft, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin 1903, pp. 165–178.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Alois Riman, Friedrich Locker: Project planning and rationalization of coal mines. Springer-Verlag Wien GmbH, Vienna 1962, pp. 23–32.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Fritz Heise, Fritz Herbst: Textbook of mining studies with a special focus on hard coal mining. First volume, published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1908, pp. 438, 494–496, 501, 525–526.
↑ Main Association of Commercial Employers' Liability Insurance Associations (ed.): BIA Report 3/2001 . Plump printing works, Rheinbreitbach 2001, ISBN 3-88383-588-9 , pp. 129-142.
^ Committee for Hazardous Substances: Technical Rules for Hazardous Substances TRGS 554, Exhaust Gases from Diesel Engines, October 2008 edition.
↑ ^a ^b ^c B. Stoces, B. Cernik: Combating high pit temperatures. Published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1931, pp. 198–202.
↑ Horst Roschlau, Wolfram Heinze, SDAG Wismut (Hrsg.): Knowledge storage mining technology. 1st edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1974, p. 109.

Remarks

↑ Mines were referred to as firedamp pits when bad weather occurred. Which mine was designated as a firedamp pit was the responsibility of the responsible mining authority. Every mine in the district of the Dortmund Oberbergamt was regarded as a firedamp pit. (Source: NA Herold: Worker Protection in the Prussian Mountain Police Regulations. )

[Quelle_1-1] A ^b Association for Mining Interests in the Upper Mining District Dortmund: The Development of Lower Rhine-Westphalian Hard Coal Mining in the Second Half of the 19th Century. Volume VI Wetterwirtschaft, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin 1903, pp. 165–178.

[Quelle_4-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Alois Riman, Friedrich Locker: Project planning and rationalization of coal mines. Springer-Verlag Wien GmbH, Vienna 1962, pp. 23–32.

[Quelle_3-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Fritz Heise, Fritz Herbst: Textbook of mining studies with a special focus on hard coal mining. First volume, published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1908, pp. 438, 494–496, 501, 525–526.

[Quelle_5-4] Main Association of Commercial Employers' Liability Insurance Associations (ed.): BIA Report 3/2001 . Plump printing works, Rheinbreitbach 2001, ISBN 3-88383-588-9 , pp. 129-142.

[Quelle_6-5] Committee for Hazardous Substances: Technical Rules for Hazardous Substances TRGS 554, Exhaust Gases from Diesel Engines, October 2008 edition.

[Quelle_7-7] B. Stoces, B. Cernik: Combating high pit temperatures. Published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1931, pp. 198–202.

[Quelle_2-8] Horst Roschlau, Wolfram Heinze, SDAG Wismut (Hrsg.): Knowledge storage mining technology. 1st edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1974, p. 109.

[Anm._AschuPr.-6] Mines were referred to as firedamp pits when bad weather occurred. Which mine was designated as a firedamp pit was the responsibility of the responsible mining authority. Every mine in the district of the Dortmund Oberbergamt was regarded as a firedamp pit. (Source: NA Herold: Worker Protection in the Prussian Mountain Police Regulations. )