Radbod colliery

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Radbod colliery
General information about the mine
Arne Hamm Colliery Radbod1.jpg
Shaft 1 and shaft 2 of the Radbod colliery in 1997
Mining technology Underground mining
Funding / year 1,309,793 t
Information about the mining company
Operating company Ruhrkohle AG
Employees 2000
Start of operation 1905
End of operation January 31, 1990
Funded raw materials
Degradation of Hard coal
Greatest depth 1235 m
Geographical location
Coordinates 51 ° 41 '12 "  N , 7 ° 45' 51"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 41 '12 "  N , 7 ° 45' 51"  E
Radbod Colliery (Regional Association Ruhr)
Radbod colliery
Location Radbod colliery
Location Bockum-Hövel
local community Hamm
Independent city ( NUTS3 ) Hamm
country State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country Germany
District Ruhr area

The Radbod was a coal - mine in today's Hammer district Hamm-Bockum-Hoevel , which was in operation from 1905 to 1990.

Emergence

From 1899, the drilling company Trier sought the award of mining claims north of Hamm. On March 8, 1900, the Markscheider Wacholder put in a mutation for the Bockum 1 borehole on the later colliery site . It was not until 1904 that the Bockum 1 and Hövel 1 fields were lent to the International Drilling Company in Erkelenz and merged to form the Trier III hard coal mine. This was operated by a company of the same name.

Teufbeginn for shaft I on the site was on 13 March 1905. In September reached Shaft I the first floor in 717 m depth and a few months later also Shaft II. The second and third floor has been created or 844 m 772 m. In order to secure the operation, three more fields were muted and awarded in 1905. The Wittekind and Radbod fields were created through the exchange of fields with the Rheinisch-Westfälische Bergwerks AG.

Although the first coal production took place in November 1905 the planned promotion , however, only started in October 1907th At this point in time, Radbod had a workforce of 609 and produced 49,151 t of hard coal. Some of the daytime facilities still standing today were completed in 1907. The further expansion was pushed ahead with high pressure both underground and above ground.

Naming

The mine director at the time, the former mining assessor from Carolinensiel in Friesland. D. Heinrich Janssen, stated that the colliery was named after the Frisian Duke Radbod . This is still the prevailing view of naming as it is represented in most publications on the mine. More recently, however, the local caretaker of the Hamm-Heessen district , Rita Kreienfeld, pointed out that the archbishop Radbod von Trier may be the actual namesake of the mine. She blames the Trier financiers of the colliery, above all Consul Wilhelm Rautenstrauch , who wanted to appoint one of its most important archbishops to be the colliery's patron saint. She sees parallels at the Maximilian colliery in Werries , which has been named after a Bavarian king by its Bavarian financiers. There are numerous other examples in the Ruhr area that demonstrate similar processes. However, after the First World War, the workforce, which was predominantly social democratic or even communist, could not have found an archbishop as patron of the colliery. Therefore, the Frisian duke, especially since he was an ancestor of Archbishop Radbod von Trier, was put forward as an explanation.

Serious mining accident in 1908

Main article: 1908 mining accident at the Radbod colliery

Memorial in the Ehrenfriedhof in Hövel

On November 12, 1908, a mine accident occurred at the colliery , which was the worst in German coal mining up to now . The accident triggered pan-European sympathy. For example, “L 'Illustrazione Italiana” included a report in its November issue, which the artist Umberto Boccioni illustrated with a drawing in which the relatives crowd around the recovered corpses.

Either a defective weather lamp or a detonation carried out in a seam triggered a severe firedamp explosion on the third level . This cost 350 people their lives. 348 died on the day of the accident, and two more died weeks later of their serious injuries. This corresponded to almost the entire night shift. The Radbod colliery memorial in the memorial cemetery for the victims in the Hammer district of Hövel commemorates the accident and the dead .

The pit fires that raged after the explosion forced the mine management to flood the pit up to 200 m above the first level. The marshes of the colliery began on December 17, 1908, and work lasted until February 25, 1909. Then the first inspection was made to inspect the damage. Production was resumed in October with 701 miners , but the clearing work dragged on until 1910.

Finds after the accident: destroyed clock, destroyed miner's lamp

The accident triggered a political discussion about labor protection measures and supervisory duties, in particular an occupational health and safety law was called for. As a result of this accident, it was ordered in the German Reich that the petrol safety lamps in firedamp pits be abolished as work lights and replaced by new types of electrical safety lamps. These were first introduced at the Radbod colliery. After the changeover, only climbers , weathermen and shooters were allowed to use weather lamps.

Expansion 1910–1945

Further sinkings

Work also began in 1910 for Shaft III, which was sunk at 782 m. From 1911 shaft IV was sunk as a weather shaft. On October 15, 1912, a coking plant was put into operation and from then on supplemented the existing daytime facilities. In 1913, plants for the extraction of by-products such as tar were also set up. The site has been enclosed by a wall since 1914 . This year 128 of 137 horses were removed from the pit and replaced by pneumatic locomotives.

In 1916 a contract was signed with the city of Münster in Westphalia for the delivery of long-distance gas . On November 12, 1916, another firedamp explosion occurred. This time there were six fatalities.

Shaft IV was completed in 1917. Due to the war, 122 women were employed at the mine for the first time. The coal gas supply for Münster began.

Headframes Radbod, 2007
View of the pulleys

In 1919, due to its poor financial situation, the Trier III mining company accepted an offer from the Cologne-Neuessener Bergwerksverein to merge and was affiliated with it on January 1, 1920.

From 1923, the sinking of Shaft V (named after the then supervisory board Fritz Winkhaus Winkhausschacht) began. It was the central weather shaft. A fire in the 4th floor of Shaft I on February 23, 1923 forced this floor to be flooded, and it ultimately had to be abandoned entirely. This reduced the output from 930,278 t (1925/26) to 564,530 t (1926/27). A new 4th level was only created in 1929 at 942 m, 26 m above the old one. However, a fifth level was developed at 1,090 m.

In 1930 the Cologne-Neuessener Bergwerksverein was merged into the newly founded Hoesch-Köln-Neuessen AG. A mine field of 10,966,545 m 2 belonged to Radbod .

Development from 1933

After 1933, the business revived due to armaments in the run-up to the Second World War , and that is why the Winkhaus shaft was equipped with a headframe and a shaft hall in 1936 . In 1937, for the first time, more than 1 million tons (1,046,671 tons to be precise) of coal were mined and 240,397 tons of coke were produced. At the beginning of the war, another firedamp explosion claimed 9 deaths and production sank considerably due to war damage in the period that followed. After a heavy attack on March 10, 1945, it finally had to be closed on March 30.

Use of forced labor and prisoners of war

Between 1941 and 1945, operations were largely maintained with the help of forced labor . As early as February 1940, there was a camp for civilian Polish forced laborers at the colliery. For them and initially 500 forced laborers from the Ukraine, the Radbod colliery was built in 1941 . In mid-1942, forced laborers from the German-occupied Soviet Union - except for the Baltic states - were deployed underground. Were in August 1942, the first Soviet prisoners of war were in a fenced by barbed barracks untergebracht.1944 was their number well over 1000. Behind Barbed wire prisoner since 1944, about 150 Italian military internees (IMI) - Prisoners of war who do not continue the war on the side of the fascists wanted to.

In September 1944 the Gestapo had a labor education camp (AEL) set up as a concentration camp for at least 131 female forced laborers, some of whom had to work underground. 16 of them are missing.

In 1944, 1,500 forced laborers at the Radbod colliery - like others in nine other industrial companies in the Ruhr area - were involved in the herb campaign or sandwich campaign for several months , in which their productivity improvement was examined through increased food rations.

End of war

On April 1, the Americans marched into Bockum-Hövel. On April 3rd, operations at the Radbod colliery were resumed. The mine was subordinated to the Rhine Coal Control . In 1945 the annual production was only 396,506 t.

Post-war period and Federal Republic of Germany

On November 21, 1945, the British Military Government transferred the mines to the North German Coal Control , which was later replaced by the Combined Coal Control Group after the western zones were unified .

From 1949 the Winkhaus shaft was expanded to become the main shaft to replace shafts I and II. In 1951, the extraction of the 5th level from Shaft II was relocated to this deeper shaft designed for 5000 tons per day. In 1955 the mining of shaft I was transferred to shaft V. From July 1956, the entire production took place via the Winkhausschacht. In 1960, shaft III was abandoned and filled .

Due to the division of the field ownership of the Rheinisch-Westfälische Bergwerks AG in 1950, the field ownership of the colliery increased to include the Radbod-Continuation field and now comprised 8 normal fields (17,456,603 m²).

In February 1952 the owner of the mine changed again. On February 11, 1952, with retroactive effect to January 1, Altenessener Bergwerks AG was founded and left the Hoesch Group. As early as November 1956, Radbod was affiliated to Hoesch AG Bergbau.

In 1967, a longwall face was fitted with hydraulic expansion jacks on Radbod for the first time in the Ruhr area , and control flap ripper planers were also used for the first time for dismantling . In the following period, a lease agreement was signed with the Heinrich-Robert colliery (later Verbundbergwerk Ost ) in order to be able to develop a field with a size of 1400 x 250 m south of the Markscheide. A new 6th level at 1235 m was opened up from the 5th level through a blind shaft .

After the agreement of the mine owners with the federal and state governments in June 1968 and the establishment of Ruhrkohle AG , Radbod was transferred to RAG on November 30, 1969 and integrated into management group seven based in Heessen . The concentration of operations aimed for by RAG led to the merger with the Werne colliery to form a factory directorate in 1971. But before Radbod and Werne could be connected underground through a roadway , the Werne colliery was reorganized into the Heinrich-Robert colliery. In the following years, the Radbod colliery with Heinrich-Robert also became successful, but, unlike Werne, did not form a larger association with this mine.

In 1976 coke production was discontinued after the previous main customer, the Deutsche Bundesbahn , ceased to exist . A total of 280 employees therefore switched to other systems in the neighborhood. The coking plant was demolished shortly afterwards.

Shaft frame in the Donar field

In 1981/82 the coal reserves of the colliery were close to being exhausted. However, the energy crisis led to the planning of the north migration to the Donar field . That is why another investment was made in the filling location of the fourth level and the largest underground refrigeration system to date was installed. This was dismantled again in 1985 and relocated above ground in order to further improve the underground ventilation situation. After the approval and planning procedures were completed by the Arnsberg district government and the Hamm Mining Authority on June 20, 1986, shafts VI and VII were sunk near Herbern , north of Bockum-Hövel . The new shafts were supposed to take over the ropeways and material conveyance , the coal conveyance was to be carried out via a conveyor mountain on Radbod. In 1988 the cross passage between shafts II and VI was driven to the point of breakthrough .

closure

In 1989 the mine had its highest annual output with around 1,309,793 tons of coal. From January 1, 1989, the Westphalia collieries in Ahlen and Radbod continued to operate as separate plants, but in personal union. As early as April 11, a "main operating plan for business interruption" was drawn up on Radbod and finally approved by the mining authority on June 5, 1989. This marked the end of the colliery. In the second half of 1989 a working group was set up to prepare the clean-up of the daily facilities.

The colliery was shut down on January 31, 1990 when the last coal wagon was brought to the surface . 300 older employees were sent into early retirement, the rest of the workforce relocated. The new shafts VI and VII were no longer used. Land sales and colliery were initially continued. The factory management for the mine to be closed was transferred to the factory management of the Heinrich Robert colliery on December 3, 1990. The final closure took place on January 31, 1991. In 1992, the Steag power station was finally shut down.

Mine accidents and deaths

In addition to the aforementioned serious mining accidents on November 11, 1908 , in which almost the entire night shift died, and on November 12, 1916, numerous other fatal accidents occurred on Radbod. According to a census by the Radbod mine history , which is essentially based on two lists of accidents from 1918 to 1989, at least 822 miners died on the mine. The two books on the colliery's accident statistics from the Department of Occupational Safety and Health have been housed in the Hamm City Archives since October 4, 2010 , where they will also be scientifically processed in future. The provisional count only includes those deaths for which the Bergbauberufsgenossenschaft has received compensation.

Employment development

The number of employees has developed as follows since the start of operations:

year Miners year Miners
1903 162 1941 2,916
1908 1,805 1943 3,963
1909 701 1947 3,491
1913 4,389 1950 3,851
1923 4,389 1954 3,837
1928 2,531 1960 2,574
1934 1,699 1974 1,463
1937 2,811 1989 approx. 2,000

The increase in the number of employees between 1974 and 1989 results from the relocation of miners from the shafts closed off Radbod. In the year of closure in 1990, the employees were then distributed to other pits throughout the Ruhr area or they were retired.

today

Museum train of the Hammer Eisenbahnfreunde near Uentrop

After the site was cleared by mining and the remediation of contaminated sites on the company site, it was converted to a new use. Little of the surface systems remained. The head frames (Model Klönne) and the carriers halls of shafts I and II are now considered industrial monuments under preservation . They have been owned by the Foundation for the Preservation of Industrial Monuments and Historical Culture since 1997 and can be viewed regularly as part of guided tours. The socio-cultural center, Kulturrevier Radbod, is located in some of the buildings in the main entrance area . The rest of the site is used as the Radbod industrial park. Shafts 1 and 2 were filled years ago , shaft 5 was still kept open and connected underground to the Radbod 6 shaft, which has also not yet been filled. According to plans by RAG and its subsidiary DSK, the Donar mine should be built there around 2015 . After 1990, the Radbod 5 shaft was initially used as an extending shaft to ventilate the Heinrich-Robert colliery and then the east mine . Since the closure of this composite mine in September 2010, the shaft together with shaft 6 has only been used for dewatering . Shaft 5 was backfilled in December 2012, and shaft 6 is to be backfilled in January 2013. As a further memory of the Radbod colliery, a steam locomotive from the year of construction 1906 has been preserved, which was in use from the beginning of the 1950s to 1974 as "Radbod 3" (later D 712). Today it is operated by the Hammer Eisenbahnfreunde and used for nostalgic trips on secondary and colliery tracks around Hamm.

Location of individual shafts

See also

literature

  • Wilhelm and Gertrude Hermann: The old mines on the Ruhr . With a catalog of the "life stories" of 477 mines (= The Blue Books ). Verlag Langewiesche, Königstein im Taunus, 6th edition, expanded to include an excursus from p. 216 and updated in energy policy parts. 2008, ISBN 978-3-7845-6994-9 .
  • Peter Hertel : In front of our front door. A childhood in the Nazi state - experienced early, explored late, Münster 2018, ISBN 978-3-89688-596-8 .
  • Stefan Klönne: Radbod / Maximilian / Heinrich-Robert / Sachsen Historical outline of the factory history and subsequent use of the fallow land . Thesis in geography at the Westphalian Wilhelms University of Münster. 1999 (self-published by the author).
  • Winfried Masannek: Bockum-Hövel. Memories of a young, dynamic city. 1974.
  • Wolfgang Pabst: 350 men died - now let's dance. The disaster in the Radbod / Hamm coal mine in November 1908 . Pabst Science Publishers, Lengerich 1982, ISBN 3-89967-029-9 .
  • Olaf Schmidt-Rutsch, Ingrid Telsemeyer (Hrsg.): The Radbod disaster. Reports and drawings by the driver Moritz Wilhelm . Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2008, ISBN 978-3-8375-0032-5 .
  • Willi E. Schroeder: A home book. Two districts introduce themselves. Bockum and Hövel . Willi E. Schroeder, [Hamm] 1980.
  • Peter Voss: The mines in Hamm: pictorial chronicle of the mines Heinrich Robert, Maximilian, Radbod, Saxony, Westphalia . Regio-Verl., Werne 1994, ISBN 3-929158-03-5 .

Web links

Commons : Zeche Radbod  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Westfälischer Anzeiger dated December 1, 2009. It should also be pointed out in this context that the Frisian ruler Radbod as an opponent of Karl Martell was suitable to be interpreted as an anti-French statement after WW1
  2. ↑ Report on the mining accident in 1908 in L 'Illustrazione Italiana
  3. ↑ Olaf Schmidt-Rutsch, Ingrid Telsemeyer (ed.): The Radbod disaster. Reports and drawings by the driver Moritz Wilhelm . Essen 2008, p. 64.
  4. ↑ Men entombed in German Mine. Explosion at Radbod Catches 380 Miners Underground ... Mine to be Flooded . In: The New York Times, November 13, 1908, p. 6.
  5. ↑ Peter Hertel: In front of our front door. A childhood in the Nazi state - experienced early, explored late . Münster 2018, ISBN 978-3-89688-596-8 , pp. 108-114 .
  6. ↑ Peter Hertel: In front of our front door. A childhood in the Nazi state - experienced early, explored late . agenda-Verlag, Münster 2018, ISBN 978-3-89688-596-8 , p. 123-132 and 231 ff .
  7. ↑ Peter Hertel: In front of our front door. A childhood in the Nazi state - experienced early, explored late . agenda-Verlag, Münster 2018, ISBN 978-3-89688-596-8 , p. 132-136 .
  8. ↑ herb campaign
  9. ↑ The dead in Radbod can hardly be counted. Westfälischer Anzeiger of October 4, 2010, accessed on September 6, 2016.
  10. ↑ a b Final withdrawal from Radbod 5, Radbod 6 and Sandbochum. Retrieved December 20, 2012 .

Remarks

  1. ↑ Mines were referred to as firedamp pits when bad weather occurred. Which mine was designated as a firedamp pit was the responsibility of the responsible mining authority. Every mine in the district of the Dortmund Oberbergamt was regarded as a firedamp pit. (Source: NA Herold: Worker Protection in the Prussian Mountain Police Regulations. )