Shooter

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A shooter is a miner who is allowed to carry out shooting work underground on instruction . In addition to the successfully completed general tusk training, he must also have successfully completed training in blasting technology. He belongs to the group of people authorized to shoot in a mine. In contrast to the shooting master , shooters may participate in the affairs of their comrades.

Basics and history

The first official demolition in mining was carried out in 1632 in the Clausthal mining area. Shooting, as the removal of the rock with the help of powder was called, was initially only allowed to be carried out by supervisors due to its dangerousness . This activity was later transferred to particularly trustworthy miners who also received better pay. These miners entrusted with the shooting work were known as shooters . They were directly subordinate to the shooting climber. Up until the beginning of the 20th century, serious accidents repeatedly occurred in several mines due to improper execution of shooting work. An example of this is the mining accident at the Osterfeld colliery in 1912, in which an incorrectly carried out shooting work resulted in a firedamp explosion killing 16. In the 1930s there was a new regulation of the Mountain Police Ordinance, which particularly affected the regulation of shooting work in underground mining. In particular, the Mountain Police Ordinance regulates which group of people may be entrusted with shooting and which requirements these people must meet.

Professional and personal suitability

Miners who are supposed to work as shooters must meet certain requirements. You must be suitable for this task both personally and professionally. For personal suitability, the Explosives Act prescribes a minimum age of the applicant of 21 years. In addition, the applicant must not have committed an intentional criminal act or have been convicted of a crime or a criminal offense. Proof of this is provided by a police clearance certificate , which the applicant must present before starting the blasting training. First basic requirement is that the candidate for a certificate shotfirer Hauer ticket purchased and depending on the mountain area between four months and one year as Hauer have worked. Further professional aptitude is acquired in a special target shooting training. In this training, which concludes with an examination, the candidate learns how to safely handle explosives, how to correctly drill holes, how to use the electrical ignition system and how to fill out the shooting book correctly. He also learns the safety measures required for shooting. The exam consists of a theoretical and a practical part. After passing the test, the hauer receives the certificate for the blasting authorization. Finally, the tusk has to receive a permit for the shooting work from the mining authority, only then can he carry out shooting work.

activities

In coal mining , local elders from stone works or individual remote seam works were used as shooting tusks. In this capacity, in addition to their normal cutting work, they carried out the same activities as the appointed shooting masters. On lean coal mines, the elders were also allowed to carry out shooting work at other operating points than gunnery. In ore mining, the shooting work is usually carried out by the local elders who have been trained as shooting tusks. There are also mines, on which the shooting operation is executed by a single shooting Hauer, which runs with a special shooting vehicle to the respective operating points, where so far prepared blowing that the layer end, after the staff extended , is ignited from a central location is. Miners who are in training to become a gunner are allowed to carry out shooting work under supervision.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i European Coal and Steel Community (ed.): Vocational training in hard coal mining in the countries of the Community. Luxembourg 1956, pp. 98-104.
  2. ↑ a b c European Community for Coal and Steel (ed.): The vocational training in iron ore mining of the countries of the community. Luxembourg 1959, pp. 39, 132.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Mountain Police Ordinance for the hard coal mines in the administrative districts of the Prussian Upper Mining Office in Breslau from May 1, 1934. Verlag Kattowitz, Druck Gauverlag NS Schlesien, 1934, pp. 132, 134, 136, 138, 140.
  4. ↑ a b c d G. Lathan: Drilling and shooting in mining. Volume II Shooting, Fachbuchverlag Leipzig, Leipzig 1958, pp. 58–62.
  5. ↑ Albert Serlo: Guide to mining science. First volume, fourth improved and up to the most recent edition supplemented, published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1884, p. 218.
  6. ^ A b Carl Friedrich Richter: Latest mountain and hut lexicon. Second volume, MZ, Kleefeldsche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1805.
  7. ↑ Heinz Walter Wild: Invention and expansion of blasting work in mining. In: Association of Friends of Mining in Graubünden (ed.), Bergknappe , No. 30, 8th year, November 1984, pp. 14-21.
  8. ^ Heinrich Veith: German mountain dictionary with evidence. Published by Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Breslau 1871.
  9. ↑ Commemorative publication for the 40th anniversary of the Association of Technical Mountain Officials of Upper Silesia. Phönix-Verlag Carl Siwinna, Berlin and Beuthen 1930, pp. 105-108, 322.
  10. ^ Fritz Pamp: Firedamp explosion at the Osterfeld colliery. In: Osterfelder Bürgerring. (Ed.): Der Kickenberg, Osterfelder Heimatblatt. No. 3, Walter Perspektiven GmbH, Oberhausen September 2007, ISSN  1864-7294 , pp. 4-5.
  11. ↑ K. Hatzfeld: The new regulation of the mountain police regulations for the hard coal mining. In: Glückauf, Berg- und Hüttenmännische magazine. Association for Mining Interests in the Upper Mining District Dortmund (Ed.), No. 33, 71st year, August 17, 1935, pp. 773–778.
  12. ↑ Law on explosive substances (Sprengstoffgesetz-SprengG). In the version of September 10, 2002, last amended on August 7, 2013, Federal Law Gazette I p. 3518, 3154, §§ 7 + 8.
  13. ^ Förderverein Rammelsberger Bergbaumuseum Goslar eV (Hrsg.): Ore mining in the Rammelsberg. Self-published by the Förderverein, Druck Papierflieger Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Goslar 2009, pp. 104–106.

Remarks

  1. ↑ The training comprises eighteen hours of training, which should be spread over three weeks so that no more than two hours of training are given per day of teaching. Both theoretical knowledge and practical skills are imparted. Shooting at various operating points is practiced as a practical skill. (Source: European Coal and Steel Community (ed.): Vocational training in hard coal mining in the countries of the Community. )
  2. ↑ After passing the theoretical test, the candidates receive further practical training. Over three days, the candidates are individually trained in practical shooting work by a master shooting instructor under the supervision of the shooting engineer. This is followed by the practical test by a shooting expert. (Source: European Coal and Steel Community (ed.): Vocational training in hard coal mining in the countries of the Community. )
  3. ↑ The local elder is a spokesman elected by the workers' group of an operating point who represents the team in matters of wages and remedies and in matters of work execution . (Source: Walter Bischoff, Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: Das kleine Bergbaulexikon. )
  4. ↑ The preparatory activities include loading the boreholes, introducing the stock and coupling the fuse wires together. (Source: Förderverein Rammelsberger Bergbaumuseum Goslar eV (Ed.): Ore mining in Rammelsberg. )