Mountain book
The mining book , also known as the mining office book or mining book , is a book that is kept at the mining office and in which all legal transactions of the mining office are entered. All certificates that the Mining Authority has awarded are entered in the book. In addition, all the evidence kept by the mining authorities on the taxes, ownership, operating and financial circumstances of the mines in the respective mining area are listed in the mining book.
history
The first mountain books are mentioned in the Freiberg mining law. But also in the Kuttenberg Mountain Regulations the keeping of a mountain book was already required. In the Jáchymov Mountain Regulations of 1548, a separate article on the mountain book was added, which regulated exactly how and by whom the mountain book was to be kept. In later mountain regulations, the individual mountain books were named. Six different mountain books were listed in the Braunschweiger Bergordnung of 1593 and seven different mountain books in the Cleve-Märkische Bergordnung.
In the newer mountain regulations, the number of books was reduced. The Prussian Mining Act of 24 June 1865 envisaged only three mountain books, namely, the mountain of mortgages , which trades book and the bill book . The mining laws for Braunschweig of April 15, 1867 require the same books to be kept. In Austria , according to the mining law of May 23, 1854, the mining courts only kept one mining book and so-called reserve books were required for the mining offices . In the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach , a mining book and a mountain mortgage book were required under the mining law there . The responsible mining authority was responsible for keeping the two books. In the mining law of Anhalt-Dessau of July 20, 1856, land and mortgage registers and mining books as well as registers for lending applications are required. The books were kept by the mountain judge.
The mining regulations for Lippe-Detmold of September 30, 1857 required the mining authorities to keep registers for the respective entries. There was a prospecting register , a mutation register as well as a lending and confirmation book . A mining official, qualified as a mountain judge , kept a mining book , a counter book and a mortgage book about the acquisition of mine property. In the mining law for the Schwarzburg-Sondershausen mining area of February 25, 1860, only one mining book, the land and mortgage book , was required. This book was kept by the responsible district administrator. With an executive order to the law of June 7, 1860, a digging book was also introduced. In the mining law for the Kingdom of Saxony , the trade book , the land and mortgage book , the mining book and a mutation register were required. The mining law of the Duchy of Gotha of August 16, 1868 only provided for the keeping of the mining book and the land and mortgage book . In today's mining industry, the only mining book left is the Zechenbuch .
The books
The mountain book was of great importance in the mining regions, as everything that was noted there was binding. In the event of disputes, entries in the mountain book were enforceable. Even if a mountain book would have been enough for several years in the case of smaller mining areas, it was mandatory that a new mountain book was used every year. The old book had to be closed at the end of the year and kept in a locked box or a locked drawer so that an insight into the old processes was possible if necessary. The mountain judge and the mountain clerk each had a key of the locks . However, not all books were administered by the mountain judge. The counter-book was administered by the counter- writer and the recess book by the recess- writer . In the Cleve-Märkische Bergordnung, a mining book, a courage book, rental book and deadline book, an estate book and deadline book, a contract book, a review book, a counter book and a handbook are named as mountain books.
Scrapbook
All mining concessions were entered in the mining book. The information had to contain exactly for which location and for which mountain range the respective prospecting license was granted.
Courage, loan and deadline book
All fiefdoms were entered in the courage, rental and deadline book, which is why it was also called the fief book in some mining regions. The individual awards were precisely entered. It was recorded which tunnel or which treasure trove or which length fields had been muted, measured and lent at what time. This information was similar to the information in the fiefdom letter . This book was often referred to only as a mountain book.
Estate and deadline book
In the estate and deadline book, all the mines were entered that were operated within deadlines due to adverse circumstances such as storms, water ingress or for other reasons and could not be dismantled . The prerequisite was that maintenance work or other mining work such as As the tailgating of studs or other Hilfsbaue were operated and that, following this work the mine could be operated again. The entry was necessary so that another mother could not apply for free travel from the mining authority and thus burden the mining court .
In addition, all taxes on the tithe and the water money were entered in the estate and deadline book. In addition, the so-called fourth pfennig , which had to be paid from the mines as wages for the work of the mountain master and the mountain jury .
Contract book
All disputes before the mining court were entered in the contract book. The outcome of the court hearing was also recorded and whether the parties had reached an amicable agreement or whether a verdict had been reached.
Review book
All quarterly accounts , all profits and also all mining and smelting costs of the respective mines were entered in the recess book. The extraction figures were entered and which mineral had been extracted. The quarterly payable and paid Zubußen were noted in Rezessbuch. Furthermore, the number of Kuxe that the individual trades owned per mine.
Counter-book
All shareholders of the mines were entered with their first and last names in the opposite book. At the request of a shareholder, the number of his kuxe was also entered. In addition, whether he had sold it and at what price it had happened, or whether he had given it away or pledged it. If Kuxe were taken from a shareholder or assigned, this was also entered in the book of accounts upon request.
Action book
In the handbook (also called mining protocol), all complaints from the mining officials at the mines or smelters were recorded. Advice on how to remedy the deficiencies was also entered by the mining official. The responsible ministry received a copy of the handbook.
literature
- Hermann Brassert (Hrsg.): Mountain orders of the Prussian country. FC Eisen's Königliche Hof-Buch- und Kunsthandlung, Cologne 1858
Individual evidence
- ↑ University of Heidelberg on Bergamtsbuch (last accessed on October 10, 2012).
- ↑ Plettenberg Mountain Land Register, Vols I - IV (last accessed on October 10, 2012).
- ^ A b Heinrich Veith: German mountain dictionary with evidence. Published by Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Breslau 1871.
- ^ Tilo Cramm, Joachim Huske: Miners' language in the Ruhr area. 5th revised and redesigned edition, Regio-Verlag, Werne 2002, ISBN 3-929158-14-0 .
- ^ Carl Friedrich Richter: Latest mountain and hut lexicon . Second volume, Kleefeldsche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1805.
- ↑ Mining dictionary . Bey Johann Christoph Stößel, Chemnitz 1778.
- ^ Mining and geological terms (last accessed on October 10, 2012).
- ↑ Moritz Ferdinand Gaetzschmann: Collection by mining expressions. Craz & Gerlach Publishing House, Freiberg 1859.
- ↑ Johann Josef Scotti: Collection of the laws and ordinances, which have been passed in the Duchy of Cleve and in the county of Mark on objects of sovereignty, constitution and administration. Third part, printed by Joseph Wolf, Düsseldorf 1826, pp. 1704–1706.
- ^ Hermann Brassert (ed.), Heinrich von Achenbach (ed.): Journal for mining law. Sixth year, with Adolph Marcus, Bonn 1865, p. 431, 432.