Quatember
With Ember (of lat. Ieiunia quattuor temporum "fasting of the four [year] times") refers four times a year taking place, originally by fasting , abstinence , prayer and almsgiving excellent days of penance in the church year the Roman Catholic Church . Their termination coincides roughly with the beginning of the four seasons. The purpose of the Quatember is to thank God for the gifts of creation, to remind people to use them moderately and also to take care of those in need.
Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085) introduced the quarter days into the calendar of the universal Church and put them on the Wednesday, Friday and Saturday after the feast of St. Luzia on December 13th, after Ash Wednesday , after Pentecost and after the feast of the Exaltation of the Cross on September 14th. Because of this time down the memory verse was: ". After ash, Pentecost, Cross, Luzei remember that Quatember was" Origin of Ember is Rome, where they probably Callistus I. introduced († 222) and where since the pontificate of Gelasius I. the sacrament of ordination is donated at the end of the quarter of the month (cf. CIC c. 1006 § 2 of 1917). The Quatember were already firmly established in Rome by the time Leo I was in office ; Several Quatember sermons have come down from him. The liturgical celebration of the Quatember usually ended with the celebration of a vigil (Quatembervigil), on Quatember Saturday with several longer scripture readings.
Since the Synod of Seligenstadt in 1028, the quarter days have been days of fasting and abstinence. A reform of the Breviary of Pope John XXIII. postponed the September quatember to the Wednesday after September 17th instead of the Wednesday after the feast of the Exaltation of the Cross. (followed by the Friday and Saturday thereafter); in this order they were celebrated until the liturgical reform. The liturgical reform in the wake of the Second Vatican Council retained the Quatember, but left its more detailed scheduling and design to the individual bishops' conferences . In 1972, the German Bishops' Conference decided to place the quatember in the German regional calendar on the following dates: in the first week of fasting (spring quatember), in the week before Pentecost (summer quatember), in the first week of October (autumn quatember) and in the first week of Advent (winter quatember ). In the liturgical calendar of the extraordinary form of the Roman rite , the quatember remained on the original dates.
The quarter days Wednesday, Friday and Saturday have their own measurement forms; they have a number of special features, e.g. B. in relation to the selection and number of pericopes .
In the meantime, the Quatember are no longer considered a required fast , but are intended to serve the spiritual renewal of the congregations. Above all, the parishes should pray for spiritual professions and the corresponding spiritual concerns of the Catholic aid organizations should be included in the prayers .
Farmer rules
"Where the Quatember wind comes from, he en Veddeljohr stähn" ("Where the Quatember wind comes from, it stops for three months")
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Mershman, Francis, Ember Days in: The Catholic Encyclopedia . Vol 5. Robert Appleton Company, New York State, 1909.
- ↑ The background is that the weeks are counted in the Divine Office. The autumn quatember always falls in the third week of September, and the first week of September begins with the first Sunday in September. The definition of the first Sunday in September had changed. If from ancient times one counted as such the Sunday which is closest to September 1st, it is now the Sunday which is the first in September.