Viernheim

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Viernheim
Viernheim
Map of Germany, position of the city of Viernheim highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 32 '  N , 8 ° 35'  E

Basic data
State : Hesse
Administrative region : Darmstadt
Circle : Mountain road
Height : 98 m above sea level NHN
Area : 48.4 km 2
Residents: 34,315 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 709 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 68519
Area code : 06204
License plate : HP
Community key : 06 4 31 020
LOCODE : DE VIM

City administration address : 		Kettelerstraße 3
68519 Viernheim
Website : www.viernheim.de
Mayor : Matthias Baaß ( SPD )
Location of the city of Viernheim in the Bergstrasse district
Groß-Rohrheim Zwingenberg (Bergstraße) Biblis Viernheim Lampertheim Bürstadt Einhausen (Hessen) Lorsch Bensheim Lautertal (Odenwald) Lindenfels Heppenheim (Bergstraße) Heppenheim (Bergstraße) Fürth (Odenwald) Grasellenbach Rimbach (Odenwald) Mörlenbach Wald-Michelbach Birkenau (Odenwald) Abtsteinach Gorxheimertal Hirschhorn (Neckar) Neckarsteinach Michelbuch (gemeindefreies Gebiet) Rheinland-Pfalz Baden-Württemberg Kreis Groß-Gerau Landkreis Darmstadt-Dieburg Odenwaldkreismap
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Viernheim [ ˈfɪʁn- ] (The i is spoken briefly, despite the spelling with ie, dialect : Verne ) is a medium-sized industrial city northeast of Mannheim in the economic and conurbation of the Rhine-Neckar metropolitan region . It is the second largest city in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse . Since 1994 it has also been called Brundtlandstadt because it is participating in a model project to save energy.

geography

Viernheim lies in the Upper Rhine Plain . Viernheim is located in Hesse, but borders on Baden-Württemberg to the west, south and east. The Hessian Ried begins north of the Viernheim Forest, in Lampertheim . The city of Weinheim is to the east of Viernheim . There is the Bergstrasse and the beginning of the Odenwald .

climate

Precipitation diagram

The annual precipitation is 726 mm and is therefore comparatively normal, as it falls in the middle third of the values ​​recorded in Germany. Lower values ​​are registered at 46% of the German Weather Service's measuring stations . The driest month is February, with the most rainfall in June. In June there is twice as much rainfall as in February. The rainfall varies greatly. Lower seasonal fluctuations are recorded at 72% of the measuring stations.

Neighboring communities

Viernheim borders in the north on the Hüttenfeld district of the city of Lampertheim (in Hesse ), in the northeast on the city of Hemsbach , in the east on the city of Weinheim , in the south on the municipality of Heddesheim (all three in the Rhein-Neckar district ) and in the west the urban district of Mannheim (all of Baden-Württemberg ).

City structure

Viernheim has no official districts, but the city is divided into several urban areas. Most of Viernheim's subdivisions result from the vernacular or newly developed development areas, the city extensions. Their limits are therefore not precisely defined. The city center is formed by the city center and the “old town” around it. The areas also include: Nordweststadt (north of Nibelungenstraße / Wormser Straße or west of Am Stockfeld street ), Oststadt (east of August-Bebel-Straße ), Weststadt (west of Kreuzstraße / Am Königsacker ), Tivoli ( in the south at the Rhein-Neckar-Zentrum), behind the fences (south of the OEG rails), the industrial area, industrial area Eins (in the north-east north of Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse and east of Lorscher Strasse ) as well as the newly developed in recent years Bannholzgraben development area east of Janusz-Korczak-Allee (L 3111). There is also the West Sports Area (west of the A 6), the two outlying areas of Neuzenlache and Ziegelhütte (south of the A 659), each encompassing one street, and the Aussiedlerhöfe northeast of the city.

Viernheim consists of only one district (Gmk.-Nr. 63070). The forester's lodge Heide , which is located in this area, is accessible both in terms of traffic and postal services via Lampertheim .

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

The first mention four home dates back to 777 when Charlemagne the Lorsch Abbey allowed "a way through the Virnheimer Mark to Weschnitz to create." The copy of the certificate can be found in Codex Laureshamensis (Volume 1, No. 8), the property register of the Lorsch Monastery. Archaeological finds, however, indicate that the area was settled for a much longer period of time. The place evolved from a Carolingian royal court . The abbey, founded in 764 and elevated to an imperial monastery in 771, was a powerful Benedictine monastery in the early and high Middle Ages with possessions in the Odenwald , on Bergstrasse , in Rheinhessen , in the Palatinate, in Alsace and in Lorraine .

Many donation and exchange deeds relating to possessions in Viernheim have come down to us from this time. Among other things, in 902 Archbishop Hatto of Mainz received a farm in Viernheim as abbot of Lorsch Monastery in exchange for possessions in Enzgau . In 906 this exchange was confirmed by King Ludwig IV . In 917, King Conrad I gave the royal estate in Wattenheim and Viernheim to the Lorsch monastery, subject to lifelong use by the fiefdom chaplain Werinolf. In 1165, large parts of Viernheim seem to have been owned by the Lorsch monastery, because for this year it is recorded that the abbot of the Lorsch monastery gave four hubs to the Neuenburg monastery near Heidelberg and several districts in the Viernheim district to the Schönau monastery . The donation to the Schönau monastery was made with the condition to deliver 300 cheeses to Lorsch annually.

During the investiture controversy - from 1076 (Reichstag in Worms) to 1122 (Worms Concordat) - many possessions of the Lorsch Monastery had to be surrendered to the nobility. In the late 12th century an attempt was made to reorganize the administration by recording the old title deeds ( Lorsch Codex ). Nevertheless, in 1232, Emperor Friedrich II subordinated the imperial abbey of Lorsch to the Archdiocese of Mainz and its bishop Siegfried III. von Eppstein on reform. The Benedictines opposed the ordered reform and had to leave the abbey. They were replaced by Cistercians from the Eberbach monastery and in 1248 by Premonstratensians from the Allerheiligen monastery . From this point on, the monastery was continued as a provost's office. Due to the freedom of the imperial monastery, the monastery bailiffs were administrators and court lords within the monastery property. This office came into the possession of the Count Palatine around 1165. From this constellation, severe disputes developed between the Archdiocese of Mainz and the Electoral Palatinate as the owner of the bailiwick . These disputes could not be settled until the beginning of the 14th century through a contract in which the possessions of the monastery were divided between Kurmainz and Electoral Palatinate and the bailiwick rights of the Count Palatine were confirmed. In the settlement of 1308 it was agreed that "the village of Viernheim should belong to the ore monastery Mainz".

In 1267, a burgrave was named for the first time on the Starkenburg (via Heppenheim), who also administered the Mainz office of Starkenburg . In this office was the " Zent Heppenheim " with Viernheim. For the administration of the still existing slopes of the Lorsch monastery, however, the head shop in Lorsch was responsible. The waiter in Heppenheim was first mentioned in 1322. He had his seat in the official court of Heppenheim and was the highest financial and judicial officer after the burgrave.

Under the rule of Mainz, the village and its accessories became a part of Weinheim for 1200 pounds of Heller in 1346 . This does not include the cheese that the Schönau monastery had to pay to the burgrave of Starkenburg from its court. The deposit amount was increased several times and in 1355 was 3000  florins .

In 1439 the village was redeemed for 3,000  florins to the Schönau monastery. Exceptions were the wild ban , the central rights and the right to use the forest.

In the course of the Mainz collegiate feud , which was fateful for Kurmainz , the Starkenburg Office was pledged to the Electoral Palatinate and then remained in the Palatinate for 160 years. Count Palatine Friedrich had the “Amt Starkenburg” pledged for his support from Archbishop Dieter - in the “Weinheimer Bund” concluded by the Electors on November 19, 1461 - whereby Kurmainz received the right to redeem the pledge for 100,000 pounds.

In 1533 Schönau Monastery sold the village of Viernheim to Count Palatine Ludwig V , subject to redemption by Kurmainz.

In the early days of the Reformation , the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran creed, but it was not until Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. After that, his successors and inevitably the population changed several times between the Lutheran , Reformed and Calvinist religions. As a result of the Reformation, the Electoral Palatinate abolished Lorsch Abbey in 1564. The existing rights such as tithe , basic interest, validity and gradient of the Lorsch monastery were from then on perceived and administered by the "Oberschaffnerei Lorsch".

In the course of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), Spanish troops of the "Catholic League" conquered the region and in 1623 restored the rule of Kurmainzer. The Reformation introduced by the Count Palatine was then largely reversed and the population had to return to the Catholic Church. Although the Spanish troops withdrew from the approaching Swedes after ten years, after the catastrophic defeat of the Evangelicals in the Battle of Nördlingen in 1634, the Swedes also left the Bergstrasse and the Swedish-French War began the bloodiest chapter of the Thirty Years' War from 1635. The chroniclers of that time reported from the region: “ Plague and hunger rage in the country and decimate the population, so that the villages are often completely empty”. With the Peace of Westphalia of 1648 the redemption of the pledge was finally fixed and with the Bergstrasse Recess of 1650 Viernheim was finally assigned to Kurmainz .

In 1782 Kurmainz carried out an administrative reform in the area of ​​the “Office Starkenburg”, with which an administrative bailiff was established in Lorsch . The office was renamed Oberamt and now consisted of the sub-offices or district bailiffs Lorsch, Fürth , Heppenheim and Bensheim . In addition to Viernheim, Lorsch , Biblis , Bürstadt and Klein-Hausen also belonged to the “Amtsvogtei Lorsch” . The Upper Office of Starkenburg, in turn, was subordinate to the “Lower Archbishopric” of the “Electorate of Mainz” .

From the 19th century until today

Viernheim becomes Hessian

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the “ Left Bank of the Rhine ” and thus the left bank of the Rhine from Kurmainz was annexed by France as early as 1797 . At the last session of the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg in February 1803, the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss was adopted, which implemented the provisions of the Peace of Lunéville and reorganized the territorial situation in the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) . Through this reorganization, Kurmainz was dissolved, the Oberamt Starkenburg and with it Viernheim came to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt , which assigned it to the " Principality of Starkenburg ". The "Amt Lorsch" continued as the Hessian district bailiwick , but the Oberamt was dissolved in 1805. In the same year the elector moved from Mainz to Regensburg. The superordinate administrative authority was the "Administrative Region Darmstadt" which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg".

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate . With this, the " Zent Heppenheim " and the associated central courts had finally lost their function.

Under pressure from Napoleon , the Rhine Confederation was founded in 1806 , this happened when the member territories left the empire at the same time. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt was raised by Napoleon to the Grand Duchy of France against high military contingents and membership of the Rhine Confederation , otherwise he was threatened with invasion.

Konrad Dahl reported in 1812 in his historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or church history of the Oberrheingau about the village of Viernheim:

"Viernheim (Virnheim, Virninheim, Firnheim, Firnunheim) is a large and extensive patch, its boundary is completely cut off and isolated from the other administrative areas, and is from the Grand Ducal Baadic offices of Weinheim, Ladenburg and Heidelberg, as well as from the former Worms office Surrounded by Lampertheim. Virnheim is Lorsch 3 hours of Heppenheim 3 1 / 2  hour from Weinheim and a half hours, from Ladenburg as much, and from Mannheim 2 hours away.
  This place is an old property of the Lorsch Monastery, belonged to the Lobdengau and first appears in the year 898, where Reginbodo, the royal supporter, received a Dominialguth and serfs from Virnheim as a gift from the Emperor Arnulf.
...
Virnheim is a patch of very large size, and contains a district of 600 acres of field in itself; however, there are only 307 houses with 1900 inhabitants in it, because the place is built very widely and mixed with gardens and even with fields. The district is also very large, and contains 10,200 acres of fields and meadows, including a large stretch of drifting sand that can be used little or not at all. The remaining part of the district, considered to be sandy everywhere, is used very advantageously by the inhabitants. The most useful product, however, is tobacco, which turns out very well here, is built in large quantities, and a lot of money is gained as a result. "

After Napoléon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse and confirmed the boundaries of the Principality of Starkenburg. In addition, Article 47 assigned other areas to the Grand Duchy of Hesse, including Worms , Alzey , Bingen and Mainz , an area known as Rheinhessen . In 1815 the Grand Duchy joined the German Confederation . By the treaty of Frankfurt on June 30, 1816 Grand Duke Ludwig came as a result of German war which even before the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss occupied on 6 September 1802 Duchy of Westphalia from the King of Prussia. In 1816 provinces were formed in the Grand Duchy, with the area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that were added from 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” .

In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other gap remained until 1848 exist.

In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and districts were introduced, with Viernheim becoming part of the Heppenheim district . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Lorsch was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Heppenheim . This reform also regulated the administrative administration at the municipal level. The mayor's office in Viernheim was one of 12 mayorships in the district. According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Viernheim in 1829:

“Virnheim (L. Bez. Heppenheim) market town; is 4 St. from Heppenheim, on the Baden border, has 373 houses and 2,483 inhabitants, except for 14 Luth. and 57 Jews are all Catholic; Among them are 136 farmers, 98 artisans and 230 day laborers. Here is a border customs office II Classe. The main product is tobacco which is of quite good quality and is therefore very sought after. The very large demarcation is very sandy, and a part consists of drifting sand, which almost cannot be used. - The place appears first in 898 and belonged to the Lobdengau. The Lorsch monastery gradually received full ownership rights, which finally came to Mainz with the monastery. Kuno von Falkenstein, Churverweser of Mainz, sold this place to Johann von Weinheim in 1348 for a loan of 200 pounds Heller. Later, however, the place found itself replaced again and near Mainz: because in 1439 Archbishop Dieterich sold the village to Schönau Monastery for 3000  florins for repurchase. Virnheim sold this monastery to the Elector and Duke Ludwig of the Palatinate for 800 florins in 1533, but reserved the redemption for the Archbishopric of Mainz. In the receipt of 1650 Virnheim came from Churpfalz to Churmainz and in 1802 to Hessen. "

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised to the effect that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as a second district alongside the Bensheim district. Viernheim was first assigned to the Bensheim district , but in 1840 to the Heppenheim district . In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today.

The following entry can be found in the latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states from 1845:

“Viernheim near Heppenheim. - Market town with parish church. - 373 H. 2483 pop. (Including 14 Lutherans and 57 Jews). - Grand Duke. Hesse. - Starkenburg Province. - Heppenheim district. - Lorsch District Court. - Darmstadt Court of Justice. - The market town of Viernheim (also Virnheim), located on the Baden border, dates back to 898 and belonged to the Lorsch monastery. - The inhabitants do some handicrafts, some agriculture, and many live as day laborers. Tobacco is grown here excellently. There is a forest ranger's office here and there are 2 brickworks near the village. - Viernheim passed from Churmainz to Hessen in 1802. "

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Just four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into districts and Viernheim became part of the Heppenheim district again.

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Viernheim: “Mostly a Catholic place with a chief forestry and two brickworks has 2957 inhabitants. The district consists of 19366 acres , of which 5638 acres are arable land, 597 acres are meadows and 11602 acres are forest. "

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the market town of Viernheim with its own mayor's office, 590 houses, 3850 inhabitants, the district of Heppenheim, the Lorsch district court, the Protestant parish of Lampertheim with the deanery in Zwingenberg and the Catholic parish of Viernheim des Dean's office Bensheim, indicated. The district also included the Clespera brickworks (1 house, 8 inh.) And the Haide forester's house (1 house, 2 in.).

In 1870, the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck provoked the Franco-German War with the so-called Emser Depesche in which the Grand Duchy of Hesse took part as a member of the North German Confederation on the side of Prussia . Even before its official end on May 10, 1871, the southern German states joined the North German Confederation and on January 1, 1871 its new constitution came into force, with which it was now called the German Empire . On the German side, this war claimed around 41,000 deaths. With the Reich Coin Act , Germany only had one currency, the mark with 100 pfennigs as a sub-unit. On January 1, 1900, the Civil Code came into force throughout the German Empire .

Viernheim was a farming village until the end of the 19th century . Harvest failures and famine in 1852 caused 458 people to emigrate to North America that year . With industrialization and the opening of the Upper Rhine Railway in 1887, the place then turned into a workers' community, as many residents found work in the factories in the neighboring cities of Mannheim and Weinheim . However, many workers remained part-time farmers. The settlement of industry in Viernheim itself began with the opening of the Weinheim – Worms railway line in 1905 and intensified after the Second World War , causing the population to grow rapidly. Thanks to the good traffic situation on three motorways , Viernheim developed into a medium-sized industrial city.

Time of world wars

On August 1, 1914, the First World War broke out and put an end to the positive economic development throughout the German Empire . When the armistice was signed after the German defeat on November 11, 1918, Viernheim also had many casualties to mourn, while the war cost a total of around 17 million human lives. About 2000 people from Viernheim were used in this war, with 78 volunteering at the beginning of the war. Of these, 345 men fell and 19 went missing. Many of the returnees were badly wounded and nearly 300 soldiers were in captivity at the end of the war. The end of the German Empire was thus sealed, and the troubled times of the Weimar Republic followed. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, which sealed the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the National Socialist dictatorship.

In Hesse, on July 3, 1933, the "Law for the implementation of field clearing for the purpose of creating jobs in the course of the redevelopment" was passed. In 13 municipalities in the Starkenburg province, including Viernheim, the land consolidation procedure was ordered over an area of ​​200,000 ha. In the course of this amelioration and settlement program, the two places Riedrode and Worms-Rosengarten were created .

The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the former province of Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was particularly affected, as it was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse .

In November 1938 the so-called Reichskristallnacht brought hardship and misery to the Jewish fellow citizens. The Viernheim synagogue was burned down and the homes and businesses of Jewish families were devastated. As early as 1933, part of the 69-person Jewish community at that time had moved away as a result of increasing reprisals, 20 of whom had emigrated. The Jewish citizens who had moved to Mannheim were deported to Gurs in October 1940 . Most of the older people who remained in Viernheim were deported to extermination camps in Poland and the Theresienstadt concentration camp in March and September 1942 . Of the people born in Viernheim or who had lived here for a long time, 39 died as a result of the Nazi tyranny.

On September 1, 1939, when German troops marched into Poland, the Second World War began , the effects of which were even more dramatic than the First World War and the number of victims estimated at 60 to 70 million people. The intensified aerial warfare against Germany was also felt in Viernheim from 1944 onwards . Large aviation associations flew over the place when they attacked the surrounding industrial cities of Ludwigshafen, Mannheim or Worms. In that year, work in the fields became life-threatening due to the continued low-flying attacks. Nobody was safe on the train or on the streets either.

In the final phase of the Second World War in Europe, the American units reached the Rhine between Mainz and Mannheim in mid-March 1945. The bridgeheads on the left bank of the Rhine could not be held by the weak German forces, which led to the demolition of the Rhine bridges at Worms, Nordheim and Gernsheim on March 20. The remnants of the German 7th Army, which had withdrawn to the right bank of the Rhine, had to leave almost all of their heavy equipment such as tanks and artillery behind, which made a continuation of the fighting with the absolute air dominance of the Americans and the lack of any German reserves actually completely pointless . On the American side, the primary goal was now to avoid further losses, which led to the massive use of artillery, tanks and aircraft, even without precise knowledge of a possible resistance, on all cities and villages to be captured. If the advancing forces encountered resistance, there was an immediate retreat and massive use of the air force and artillery. On March 22nd, the 3rd US Army crossed the Rhine near Oppenheim and occupied Darmstadt on March 25th. From the American point of view, this made it necessary for the neighboring US 7th Army to move up quickly to secure its flanks. In preparation for their crossing of the Rhine, most of the Ried communities were shelled by American artillery on March 25th and on the night of March 26th.

In all affected communities people were killed and property damage was caused to buildings. In the first hours of March 26, 1945, American troops crossed the Rhine near Hamm , south of Worms and near Sandhofen . The forces transferred at Sandhofen reached the Viernheim cemetery at noon on March 27 with a patrol. An interpreter made it clear to the population that a white flag was to be hung on every house to signal that there was no longer any German soldier in it. Around 12:30 p.m., a white flag was also hoisted at the top of the church tower and towards evening the American tank top rolled into Viernheim.

On March 27, the American units were also in Lorsch, Bensheim and Heppenheim and a day later Aschaffenburg am Main and the western and northern parts of the Odenwald were occupied. The war in Europe ended with the unconditional surrender of all German troops, which came into effect on May 8, 1945 at 11:01 p.m. Central European Time. Viernheim had about 430 fallen or missing soldiers in this war. Around 500 soldiers were in captivity at the end of the war and by the end of 1948 the Welfare Office had recorded 270 war victims.

Post-war and present

As the population figures from 1939 to 1950 show, Viernheim also had to cope with many refugees and displaced persons from the former German eastern regions after the war . In 1948, the community was through the newly formed country of Hesse , the city rights awarded.

In 1961 the district size was given as 4841  ha , of which 2313 ha were forest.

In 1994 Viernheim was named Brundtlandstadt , as part of the participation in a model project to save energy.

On June 23, 2016 at 2:45 p.m., a hostage - taking took place in the foyer of the Kinopolis cinema in Viernheim, which made headlines across Germany . The perpetrator was killed during the storm by a special task force (SEK), no one else was injured.

Courts from 1821

With the formation of the regional courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Lorsch regional court in the Heppenheim district was the court of first instance from 1821 . On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts. This led to the renaming of the Lorsch District Court and allocation to the district of the Darmstadt District Court .

On October 1, 1934, the Lorsch district court was dissolved and the district of Hofheim was assigned to the district court of Worms , the town of Bobstadt and the city of Bürstadt to the district court of Lampertheim, and the remaining places with Viernheim to the district court of Bensheim .

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Viernheim was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

population

Population structure

According to the 2011 census , there were 32,615 residents in Viernheim on May 9, 2011. These included 4721 (14.5%) foreigners, of whom 1534 came from outside the EU , 2324 from other European countries and 863 from other countries. Of the German residents, 14.2% had a migration background . The inhabitants lived in 14,793 households. Of these, 5172 were single households , 4260 couples without children and 3866 couples with children, as well as 1155 single parents and 340 shared apartments .

Population development

Population development of Viernheim.svg Population development of Viernheim - from 1871 onwards
Desc-i.svg
Population development in Viernheim according to the table below. Above from 1609 to 2017. Below an excerpt from 1871
• 1806: 1894 inhabitants, 301 houses
• 1812: 1900 inhabitants, 307 houses
• 1829: 2483 inhabitants, 373 houses
• 1867: 3850 inhabitants, 390 houses
year Residents
1609 800
1655 <200
1666 206
1703 500
1806 1,894
1818 1,818
1832 2,800
1845 3.135
year Residents
1850 3,743
1860 3,350
1870 4.139
1880 5,254
1890 5,798
1900 6,816
1910 9,240
1920 10,250
year Residents
1930 11,750
1940 12,778
1950 16,558
1960 20,068
1970 27,753
1980 29,590
1990 30,527
1995 31,616
year Residents
1999 32,056
2000 32,427
2001 32,477
2002 32,488
2003 32,700
2004 32,737
2005 32,833
2006 32,593
year Residents
2007 32,542
2008 32.502
2009 32,596
2010 32,601
2011 32,721
2016 34,100
2017 33,989
2018 34,175

Sources: Historical municipality directory for Hesse, Hessian State Statistical Office

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1829: 0014 Lutheran (= 0.56%), 57 Jewish (= 2.30%) and 2412 Catholic (= 97.14%) residents
• 1961: 3746 Protestant (= 18.79%), 15,633 Catholic (= 78.42%) residents
• 2011: 7,440 Protestant (= 22.9%), 14,330 Catholic (= 44.1%), 420 Orthodox (= 1.3%), 1510 non-believers (= 4.7%), 8,480 other (= 26.1%) residents

Gainful employment

The municipality in comparison with the district, administrative district Darmstadt and Hesse:

year local community district Administrative district Hesse
Employees subject to social security contributions 2017 9,637 72,939 1,695,567 2,524,156
Change to 2000 + 13.0% + 17.1% + 16.1% + 16.0%
of which full-time 2017 66.6% 70.8% 72.8% 71.8%
of which part-time 2017 33.4% 29.2% 27.2% 28.2%
Only marginally paid employees 2017 2,379 15,613 224.267 372.991
Change to 2000 −24.9% −4.3% + 9.0% + 8.8%
Branch year local community district Administrative district Hesse
Manufacturing 2000 29.7% 39.6% 27.0% 30.6%
2017 24.6% 32.1% 20.4% 24.3%
Commerce, hospitality and transport 2000 44.0% 25.1% 26.4% 25.1%
2017 38.4% 25.8% 24.7% 23.8%
Business services 2000 10.2% 11.6% 25.1% 20.2%
2017 15.8% 15.5% 31.6% 26.1%
other services 2000 15.4% 22.0% 20.1% 22.5%
2017 21.0% 25.3% 23.0% 25.4%
Other (or without assignment) 2000 00.8% 01.7% 01.4% 01.5%
2017 00.1% 01.1% 00.3% 00.4%

religion

Apostle Church

Viernheim belonged to the Archdiocese of Mainz for a long time . Due to changing rulers in the 15th and 16th centuries, citizens had to change religion seven times due to the Augsburg religious peace. With the return to Kurmainz , however, the denomination remained the Roman Catholic . At the beginning of the 20th century , the evangelical citizens who had moved there got their own church in Viernheim for the first time.

Today in Viernheim there are the two Catholic parishes, parish Johannes XXIII and parish St. Hildegard - St. Michael, which belong to the dean's office Bergstrasse-West of the diocese of Mainz , as well as the two Protestant parishes of the Church of the Resurrection and the Christ Church , which belong to the dean's office Bergstrasse-south belong to the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau .

In addition to the two major denominations, Viernheim also has a free Protestant congregation as well as congregations of the Evangelical Christians-Baptists , the New Apostolic Church and Jehovah's Witnesses .

There has been no Jewish community in Viernheim since the time of National Socialism . The synagogue on Hügelstrasse, inaugurated on August 31, 1827, was destroyed on November 10, 1938 as part of the November pogroms by the SA, with the participation of some of the residents.

There are two mosques in Viernheim: the Eyüp Sultan Mosque, which belongs to the umbrella organization DITIP , and the Sultan Ahmet Mosque, which is run by the umbrella organization IGMG .

Denomination statistics

With 41.85%, almost half of the people of Viernheim in 2014 were of any other denomination or without a denomination. Compared to the comparison value 10 years earlier, this share rose by 9.05% from 32.80% at the time. This is the first time they overtake the Catholics, whose share fell by 6.63% to 39.05% during this period. This may be due to the fact that the number of people leaving the church or people who do not belong to any denomination has increased, but also because more foreign citizens who belong to another denomination live in Viernheim than before.

politics

City Council

The city council is the highest body of the city. Its political composition is determined every five years in local elections by the city's electorate. Whoever has reached the age of 18 and is a German citizen within the meaning of the Basic Law or a citizen of one of the other member states of the European Union may vote. Everyone has to have been registered in the city for at least three months.

The local elections on March 6, 2016 produced the following results, compared to previous local elections:

Distribution of seats in the 2016 city council
      
A total of 45 seats
Nominations CDU SPD UBV u Green FDP left Distribution of seats
2016 Voting share a 33.3 27.9 22.6 8.2 4.0 4.0
Seats (of 45) 15th 12 10 4th 2 2
2011 Voting share a 38.4 44.3 - 12.9 0.7 3.7
Seats (of 45) 17th 20th - 6th 0 2
2006 Voting share a 48.5 43.9 - 5.4 - 2.1
Seats (of 45) 22nd 20th - 2 - 1
2001 i Voting share a 50.0 42.5 - 5.6 - 1.9
Seats (of 45) 23 19th - 2 - 1
1997 f Voting share a 38.4 46.1 - 9.5 2.6 -
Seats (of 45) 18th 22nd - 5 0 -
CDU SPD UBV Green FDP Left l Distribution of seats
a percentage of the valid votes cast
i since the 2001 election there has been the possibility of accumulating and spreading ; the 5% hurdle has been abolished
f in the table is missing: 1997 the "Democratic Alliance Viernheim" with 3.4%
u "Independent Citizens of Viernheim"
l until 2006 as "Viernheim List"

45 city councilors were to be elected for the legislative period from April 1, 2016 to March 31, 2021. Of the 25,428 eligible voters, 10,475 voted. As a result, voter turnout fell slightly from 41.6% in 2011 to 41.2% in 2016.

mayor

town hall

At the head of the city is the mayor, who is directly elected by the population for a term of six years. Mayor Matthias Baaß ( SPD ) has been in office since 1997 . In the mayoral election on March 22, 2015, Baaß received 5,304 (55.1%) of the votes cast. The candidate Martin Ringhof (CDU) received 3,927 (44.9%) of the vote. A total of 25,183 voters were eligible to vote. The turnout was 38.8 percent (9,231 votes).

He is supported by the First City Council and eleven voluntary councilors. They are all appointed by the city council for a term of six resp. elected for five years and therefore reflect the political majority at the time of the election.

The mayor, the first city council and the eleven councilors together form the city's magistrate .

The mayors since 1822 (from 1649 to 1822 a total of eight mayors are recorded ):

  • 1822–1824: Joh. Jakob Georgi
  • 1825–1842: Johann Beikert
  • 1842–1847: Georg Kühner
  • 1848–1853: Peter Minnig
  • 1853–1862: Johann Kempf
  • 1862–1873: Michael Keller
  • 1873–1875: Johann Winkler 5.
  • 1875–1895: Johann Bläß 1.
  • 1895–1904: Georg Pfützer 2.
  • 1904-1913: Gg. Friedrich Kühlwein

coat of arms

The coat of arms was introduced in 1926. In the upper field you can see the Hessian lion, which expresses the affiliation to the state of Hesse . In the lower left field is the Mainz wheel , which stands for the long membership in Kurmainz . The lower right field shows a Gothic four - the old Viernheim place symbol - which alludes to the first part of the place name as a so-called “talking picture”, although this is not derived from the number “four”, but possibly from the Old High German firni , “old , from prehistoric times ”, or the Celtic vernos ,“ alder ”.

The Viernheim city ​​flag is blue-white-red.

Town twinning

Viernheim maintains a town partnership with the following cities and municipalities :

Culture and sights

Museums and galleries

There is also the Viernheim bird park .

Waters

  • Black trench
  • Land moat
  • Weschnitz (part about 600 m in length on the state border with Baden-Württemberg).
  • Waldsee (popularly "Anglersee"), artificially created larger pond in the local recreation area.

Buildings

  • Protestant churches
    • Church of the Resurrection, Berliner Ring
    • Christ Church, Saarlandstrasse
    • Evangelical Peace Church
  • catholic churches
    • Marienkirche, Mannheimer Str. 18
    • Apostle Church , Kettelerstr. 2
    • St. Michael Church
    • St. Hildegard Church
    • Chapel of St. Josef, Mayor Neff-Straße 15 (Tridentine mass rite)
  • New Apostolic Church, Maria-Mandel-Strasse
  • Mosques
    • Eyüp Sultan Mosque, Fritz-Haber-Strasse 3

  • Apostle Church , built in 1900

  • Marien
    church, consecrated in 1660

  • St. Michael

War memorial 1870/71 in Weinheimer Strasse
  • Monuments
    • War memorial for the soldiers of the Austro-Prussian War 1866 and the Franco-German War 1870/71; Corner of Weinheimer and Lorscher Strasse, inaugurated in 1905
    • War memorial for the soldiers of the First World War (1914–1918), later also of the Second World War, by Wilhelm Götze, sculptor Darmstadt, Lorscher Strasse cemetery, inaugurated on December 14, 1924
    • Georg Büchner Monument (October 17, 1813 to February 19, 1837) poet and writer, Georg-Büchner-Strasse.
    • Entire facility "Anchor area", historical district, Weinheimer- and Heddesheimer Straße (according to § 2 Abs. 3 HDSchG)

societies

  • Singer Unit 1872 e. V. Viernheim
  • 1. Martial arts and sports association Vovinam Viet-vo-Dao e. V.
  • SG Viernheim
  • Tanzsportclub Rot-Weiss Viernheim e. V.
  • TSV Amicitia Viernheim
  • Gymnastics Club from 1893 Viernheim (TV 1893)
  • Badminton Club Viernheim
  • Mannheim-Viernheim Golf Club
  • Bushido Viernheim- Shotokan-Karate
  • Viernheim Billiards Club 1967
  • Ballet School Heide Heidt
  • Viernheimer SV (swimming club)
  • DLRG Viernheim
  • Viernheim Ski Club
  • ERC Viernheim (figure skating)
  • 1. Viernheim Karate Dojo
  • 1. Viernheimer Judo Club e. V.
  • TSC Viernheim (Viernheim diving club)
  • KSV 1951 Viernheim (bowling club Viernheim)
  • TC Viernheim (Viernheim Tennis Club)
  • Riding and Driving Association Viernheim e. V.
  • SC Viernheim 1934 eV (chess club)
  • SRC 1896 Viernheim e. V. (wrestling)

Regular events

Christmas market Viernheim
  • February: Carnival parade or street carnival (alternating every year)
  • May: May 1st "Labor Day": May celebration of the German Trade Union Confederation (DGB)
  • May: dance in May; Traditional May festival at the volunteer fire brigade , Brundtlandfest
  • June: Brundtland City Run
  • August: Viernheimer Triathlon (1.5 / 46/10)
  • July: First weekend of traditional settlers' festival of the Viernheim settlement community
  • July: Summer festival singer unit 1872 e. V. Viernheim (2nd Sunday in July)
  • July: CdG summer festival in Bavarian style
  • July: Viernheim City Festival (since 2012, every two years)
  • August: MGV garden party (first weekend in August)
  • August: Tierschutzverein Viernheim summer festival on the last weekend in August
  • September: Volunteer Day (third Saturday in September)
  • September: South Hessian Accordion Festival
  • September: City Center Festival (1980-2010)
  • October: Cemetery Day
  • November: Kerwe
  • December: Christmas market
  • Parish festivals of the Viernheim parishes
  • 24-hour run of the community of St. Michael (last 2013)
  • Soap box race of the Viernheim Scouts (2006-2008)

Economy and Infrastructure

Land use

The municipal area covers a total area of ​​4840 hectares, of which in hectares are:

Type of use 2011 2015
Building and open space 538 543
from that Living 291 292
Business 61 62
Operating area 25th 25th
from that Mining land 2 2
Recreation area 83 83
from that Green area 34 34
traffic area 348 349
Agricultural area 1000 994
from that moor 0 0
pagan 0 0
Forest area 2783 2783
Water surface 34 34
Other use 29 29

traffic

Viernheim city bus
OEG car at the Rhein-Neckar-Zentrum

Road traffic

Viernheim is on the A 659 , which leads directly to Mannheim and Weinheim , but also offers direct access to three other motorways, the A 5 , the A 6 and the A 67 . The place name Viernheim is known to many motorists due to the two motorway junctions Viernheimer Kreuz and Viernheimer Dreieck .

Public transport

Viernheim is connected to the surrounding cities by a narrow-gauge railway and a bus line. The electrically operated narrow-gauge railway ( Oberrheinische Eisenbahn , OEG for short, today designated as line 5) is mostly viewed as an interurban tram . It has led to Mannheim and Weinheim since 1887, and a few years later it was extended to Heidelberg . It is operated by Rhein-Neckar-Verkehr GmbH (RNV). A regional bus line of the bus traffic Rhein-Neckar (BRN) once led to Weinheim as well as to Lampertheim and Worms . Recently this line only runs from Viernheim to Worms. There are also two city ​​bus lines from Stadtwerke Viernheim , which are operated by the RNV subsidiary V-Bus . All public transport is integrated in the Rhein-Neckar transport association (VRN).

Rail transport

The four home station was on the 1905 opened railway line Weinheim-Viernheim , originally more about Lampertheim to Worms led to the connection of the Weschnitz Valley Railway make for Worms. Due to the low demand for this connection, however, passenger traffic on the entire route was discontinued in 1960 and replaced by buses and the track systems between Viernheim and Lampertheim dismantled (the route can still be seen today as a wide aisle in the forest). Only the freight traffic between Weinheim and Viernheim was continued - with interruptions - until 2010. The former station building of the station now houses a municipal recreational and educational center called meeting at the station transmits (TIB).

Established businesses

Viernheim has four industrial areas with many medium-sized businesses. Well-known companies such as Buderus their distribution center, RF Systems Nachrichtenentechnik , Plisch GmbH , Hommel Hercules Tools (HHW), Busch (model railway accessories) and the Erdt Group have their main headquarters there. The Rhein-Neckar-Zentrum shopping center, which opened in 1972, is known nationwide .

media

At the Rhein-Neckar-Zentrum there is a large Kinopolis cinema with 2585 seats.

There are two regional daily newspapers in Viernheim :

The following free advertising newspapers are distributed weekly in Viernheim:

  • Viernheimer Volksblatt
  • Weekly newspaper Mannheim
  • Bergstrasse Advertisement Newspaper (BAZ)

The following regional media see Viernheim as part of their reception or distribution area:

education

Goethe School Viernheim
Schiller School Viernheim

The Viernheim school landscape covers the elementary areas of general education.

  • Primary schools:
    • Schiller School
    • Goethe School
    • Nibelungen School
    • Friedrich Froebel School
  • Elementary, secondary and secondary school:
    • Friedrich Froebel School
  • Comprehensive school (Hauptschule, Realschule and Gymnasium):
    • Alexander von Humboldt School
  • High school:
  • Special school:
    • Albert Schweitzer School
  • English speaking schools
    • MIS (Metropolitan International School)

Other schools with more specific profiles can be found in the neighboring cities.

The nearest colleges and universities are in the neighboring city of Mannheim and Heidelberg .

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

  • Jakob Keller (1873–1961), Member of the State Parliament ( center )
  • Maria Mandl (1905–1965), resistance fighter during the Nazi era, local politician
  • Hans Knapp (1910–2006), local history researcher
  • Franz Dewald (1911–1990), painter, artistic design for the furnishings of St. Michaelskirche
  • Samuel Schmitt (1920–2002), writer, publisher
  • Wilhelm Joseph Koch (* 1931), long-time local politician, was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit for voluntary work
  • Manfred Knapp (* 1939), political scientist and university professor
  • Karl-Heinz Kiß (* 1941), football player
  • Joachim Jung (* 1954), actor
  • Ulrich Tukur (* 1957), actor
  • Fritz Niebler (* 1958), wrestler
  • Rüdiger Reinhardt (* 1960), German psychologist, professor of business psychology and empirical research
  • Günther Beikert (* 1968), chess player
  • Claudia Tonn (* 1981), heptathlete

Personalities who worked in Viernheim

  • Edmund Bläss (1769–1844), mayor in Viernheim 1817–1826 and former member of the 2nd Chamber of the Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse , son-in-law of Viernheim's mayor Georg Winckler
  • Erich Syri (* 1937), chamber singer (bass), lives in Viernheim
  • Angelo Stipinovich (* 1964), pastor from 1999 to 2019 in St. Michael and St. Hildegard, initiator for "House of Life", "Viernheimer Tafel", hospice "Sister Paterna"
  • Christine Lambrecht (* 1965), politician, grew up in Viernheim and for a long time lived in the city

Honorary citizen

The city of Viernheim has granted the following people honorary citizenship:

  • 1948: Ludwig Bergsträsser (1883–1960), chairman of the 1st Hessian post-war government
  • 1948: Hans Mayr (1864–1958), Rector, author of the "Chronicle of the City of Viernheim"
  • 1949: Karl Joseph Alter (1885–1977), Archbishop of Cincinnati
  • 1965: Nikolaus Hattemer (1900–1970), Dean
  • 1973: Anton Darmstadt (1900–1981), pastor
  • 1975: Hans Mandel (1917–2010), mayor
  • 1975: Michael Bugert (1905–1989), Honorary City Councilor

literature

  • Heinrich Loew: Festschrift for the centenary of the synagogue building. Viernheim 1927.
  • Franz Josef Haas, Adam Haas, Commission for the reparation of injustice from 1934 (ed.): Der Geländeraub in Viernheim 1934 (removal of the common land), memorandum on the question of the restoration of the common land in the municipality of Viernheim. Written by Franz Josef Haas 1st and Adam Haas 6th, Viernheim 1948.
  • Hans Knapp : Viernheim dictionary "Wie gered't sou babblt". 1972.
  • Hans Mayr: Chronicle of the city of Viernheim. Mannheim 1949.
  • Max Liebster: Ray of Hope in the Nazi Tower - Story of a Holocaust Survivor. Esch sur Alzette (Luxembourg) 2003, ISBN 2-87953-990-0 .
  • City of Viernheim (ed.): 1200 years of Viernheim 777–1977.
  • Brigitte Perker, City Council of Viernheim (ed.): Viernheim between Weimar and Bonn - Democracy and dictatorship in a small German town - 1918–1949. Viernheim 1988.
  • Gisela Wittemann: Illustrated history of the city of Viernheim. Edition Quadrat Bernhard Wipfler, 1998, 160 pages, ISBN 3-923003-82-X .
  • Werner Nägel u. a .; Registry office Viernheim (Ed.): 100 years registry office Viernheim. 1876-1976. Viernheim 1976, 92 pages.
  • Klaus Giese: Viernheimer from head to toe. Photos, questionnaires, poems, Viernheim personalities. K. Brückmann, 1987.
  • Claudia Reinhardt: No Place like Home –Photographs and texts about Viernheim. Verbrecher Verlag, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-87512-413-8 .
  • Rainald Fuhr (Ed.): 100 Years of the Evangelical Church Community Viernheim 1890–1990. Festival book for the anniversary. Self-published by Ev. Parish, Gernsheim 1990.
  • Käser, Bugert, Haas u. a .: 100 years of St. Apostles - people, stories, encounters. St. Aposteln, Viernheim 1999, 240 pages.
  • Gerd Schwetasch: Viernheim through my lens. An illustrated book. Waldkirch Verlag, Mannheim 2010, 144 pages, ISBN 978-3-927455-80-1 .
  • Karl Müller, Horst Saturday: Family Book Viernheim. (= Writings of the Hessian Family History Association. No. 43, Deutsche Ortssippenbücher, Series B, Volume 351). 2 volumes, Darmstadt 2005, ISBN 978-3-9810720-0-6 .
  • Herbert Kempf: Viernheim in old maps. Brochure, Viernheim 2011.
  • D. Heiberger, Mandel, Rieß: Viernheim - 50 Years of Local History Museum, 1934–1984. Publishing house Viernheimer Neue Volkszeitung, Friedrich Martin 1984.
  • Gottlieb Heinrich Heer: The legend of the bell hill. Linocuts by Reinhard Liess, Viernheim-Zürich publishing house, 1959.
  • Literature from and about Viernheim in the catalog of the German National Library
  • Literature about Viernheim in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

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Remarks

  1. ↑ Not a member of any public religious community.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hessian State Statistical Office: Population status on December 31, 2019 (districts and urban districts as well as municipalities, population figures based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ Verne - Woinem and back. PEOPLE IN VIERNHEIM: “Celtic Songs” - the unusual story of a project choir / Saturday concert in St. Michael. In: morgenweb.de. Mannheimer Morgen, March 15, 2013, accessed on August 25, 2013 .
  3. ↑ a b c d Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place names book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB  366995820 , OCLC 614375103 , p. 719-721 .
  4. ^ History. In: website. City of Viernheim, accessed October 2019 .
  5. ↑ Yearbook of Historical Research in the Federal Republic of Germany , Working Group of Extra-University Historical Research Institutions in the Federal Republic of Germany., 1978, p. 290
  6. ^ Local history of Biblis. (No longer available online.) In: biblis.eu. Biblis parish, archived from the original on January 1, 2015 ; accessed on January 1, 2014 .
  7. ^ Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 178 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  8. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years: Abth. Germany fifty years ago . tape 3 . Voigt & Günther, Leipzig 1862, OCLC 311428620 , p. 358 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  9. ↑ a b Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 236 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  10. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  11. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 252 ( online at google books ).
  12. ^ Announcement, district change with regard to the districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim, ... from December 31, 1939 . In: Grand Ducal Ministry of the Interior and Justice (Ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1839 no. 37 , p. 480 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 72.2 MB ]).
  13. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states . Part 2nd volume 2 . Zimmermann, Naumburg 1845, OCLC 162810705 , p. 707 ( online at google books ).
  14. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  15. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
  16. ↑ Wolfgang Torge : History of geodesy in Germany . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2007, ISBN 3-11-019056-7 , pp. 172 ( partial view on google books ).
  17. ^ Ph. AF Walther : The Grand Duchy of Hessen: according to history, country, people, state and locality . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1854, DNB  730150224 , OCLC 866461332 , p. ss ( online at google books ).
  18. ↑ a b Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 90 ( online at google books ).
  19. ^ Lists of casualties of the German army in the campaign 1870/71. (No longer available online.) In: Online project fallen memorials. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015 ; accessed on May 10, 2018 .
  20. ↑ Fanfares accompany the soldiers. Südhessen Morgen, August 1, 2014, accessed on December 26, 2014 .
  21. ↑ Timeline of the community of Biblis. (1900-1944). Biblis parish, accessed December 15, 2014 .
  22. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. (No longer available online.) 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 .
  23. ↑ a b c d Viernheim, Bergstrasse district. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of December 16, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on July 1, 2015 .
  24. ^ History of the Jewish community in Viernheim. In: "Alemannia Judaica". Accessed October 2019 .
  25. ↑ Series of articles in the Bergstrasse Gazette from 2005 about the end of the war on Bergstrasse. Bergstrasse and Viernheim. Bergsträßer Anzeiger, accessed on December 20, 2014 .
  26. ↑ Boys brought home in coffins. In: www.morgenweb.de. Mannheimer Morgen, August 1, 2014, accessed October 2019 .
  27. ↑ Granting of city rights to the municipality of Viernheim, Bergstrasse district, Darmstadt administrative district on October 30, 1948 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1948 no. 45 , p. 486 , point 587 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 2.2 MB ]).
  28. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  29. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of district courts of April 11, 1934 . In: The Hessian Minister of State (Hrsg.): Hessisches Regierungsblatt. 1934 No. 10 , p. 63 ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 13.6 MB ]).
  30. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  31. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  32. ↑ a b List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.
  33. ^ Population according to nationality groups: Viernheim, Stadt. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in September 2019 .
  34. ↑ Migration background in%: Viernheim, city. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in September 2019 .
  35. ^ Households by family: Viernheim, Stadt. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in September 2019 .
  36. ^ Religious affiliation : Viernheim, city. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in September 2019 .
  37. ↑ Community data sheet : Viernheim. (PDF; 222 kB) In: Hessisches Gemeindelexikon. HA Hessen Agency GmbH ;
  38. ↑ Parish John XXIII.
  39. ^ Parish of St. Hildegard - St. Michael
  40. ^ Mosques in Viernheim. In: Moschenuche. Accessed January 2018.
  41. ↑ Statistical report 2016 (PDF; 1.6 MB) City of Viernheim, p. 5 , accessed in July 2019 .
  42. ^ Result of the municipal election on March 6, 2016. 431020 Viernheim, Stadt. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in April 2016 .
  43. ^ Result of the municipal election of March 27, 2011. 431020 Viernheim, Stadt. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in September 2019 .
  44. ^ Result of the municipal election of March 26, 2006. 431020 Viernheim, Stadt. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in September 2019 .
  45. ^ Result of the municipal election of March 18, 2001. 431020 Viernheim, Stadt. Hessian State Statistical Office, archived from the original ; accessed in September 2019 .
  46. ↑ Independent citizens of Viernheim facebook entry, accessed in October 2019
  47. ^ DIE LINKE Viernheim ( Memento from March 26, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) on facebook.com
  48. ↑ Mayoral elections in Viernheim, city. Hessian State Statistical Office , accessed in December 2019 .
  49. ^ Heinrich Tischner: settlement names between the Rhine, Main, Neckar and Itter. Viernheim. In: www.heinrich-tischner.de. Accessed October 2018 .
  50. ^ City partnership with Mlawa. On August 31, 2019, the grown relationships culminated in the official certification of the town twinning. In: Viernheim.de. Website of the city of Viernheim, August 31, 2019, accessed on February 23, 2020 .
  51. ↑ St. Mary's Church. Parish John XXIII Viernheim, accessed June 2020 .
  52. ↑ Apostle Church. Parish John XXIII Viernheim, accessed June 2020 .
  53. ↑ Dance sport club Rot-Weiss Viernheim
  54. ^ Events of the City of Viernheim
  55. ↑ No downtown festival 2011. In: MNR news. April 20, 2011 .;
  56. ↑ Hessisches Statistisches Informationssystem In: Statistics.Hessen.
  57. ^ Meet at the train station. In: website. City of Viernheim, accessed October 2019 .
  58. ^ Heidelberger Rote Hilfe about Maria Mandel. In: www.heidelberg.rote-hilfe.de. Accessed December 2019 .