Hemsbach

This article deals with the city in the Rhein-Neckar district; for further meanings see Hemsbach (disambiguation) .

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 49 ° 35 '  N , 8 ° 39'  E
Basic data
State :	Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region :	Karlsruhe
County :	Rhein-Neckar district
Height :	107 m above sea level NHN
Area :	12.86 km 2
Residents:	11,968 (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density :	931 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	69502
Area code :	06201
License plate :	HD
Community key :	08 2 26 031
City administration address :	Schloßgasse 41 69502 Hemsbach
Website :	www.hemsbach.de
Mayor :	Jürgen Kirchner (independent)
Location of the city of Hemsbach in the Rhein-Neckar district

Hemsbach 1890

Hemsbach is a town with around 12,000 inhabitants in the Rhein-Neckar district in Baden-Württemberg . It belongs to the European metropolitan region of Rhine-Neckar (until May 20, 2003 the Lower Neckar region and until December 31, 2005 the Rhine-Neckar-Odenwald region ). Together with Laudenbach , Hemsbach forms the agreed administrative community Hemsbach .

geography

Location and natural space

Rohrwiesen

The district of Hemsbach extends at a height of 85 to 340 meters on the Bergstrasse , i.e. in the transition area between the Odenwald and Upper Rhine Plain , on the stream of the same name, which has been verdolt since 1951 .

The municipality borders in the north on Laudenbach , in the east on the Hessian places Heppenheim , Mörlenbach and Birkenau , in the south on the city of Weinheim and in the west on Viernheim , Lampertheim and Lorsch, which in turn belong to Hesse .

The Hemsbacher district has a strong west-east expansion and extends over 1286 hectares. Of this, 25.7 percent is settlement and traffic area, 48.5 percent is used for agriculture and 22.8 percent is forested.

City structure

The town of Hemsbach includes the hamlets Balzenbach and Weschnitz-Siedlung, the place Am Mühlweg (Jewish cemetery), the castle and the Schafhof (Waldnerhof) and Watzenhof farms.

history

Steinerner Gaul, border mark of the Carolingians

In the year 795 the place was first mentioned as Hemmingisbach in the Lorsch Codex . It was about a border adjustment to the property of the Lorsch monastery in the "Mark Heppenheim", including Hemsbach.

After the abbey was dissolved in 1232, the village was a bone of contention for a century between the Electoral Palatinate and the Archbishops of Mainz , until the Palatinate was awarded the villages of Hemsbach, Laudenbach and Sulzbach by arbitration in 1344. When the country was divided in 1410, the place Pfalz-Mosbach was allocated. Duke Otto von Mosbach pledged a large part of the rights in 1449 to the bishopric of Worms . However, after the Palatinate-Mosbach line died out in 1499, the customs rights fell back to the Electoral Palatinate, which also claimed sovereignty. The dispute remained unresolved until 1705 finally fell to the Electoral Palatinate as part of an exchange contract with the Bishop of Worms.

When the Electoral Palatinate was dissolved, Hemsbach came to Baden in 1803 and was incorporated into the Weinheim office. On the night of May 1, 1811, a stagecoach with two Swiss merchants was ambushed by Hölzerlips and his gang on Bergstrasse shortly before Hemsbach . Hans Jacob Rieter from Winterthur died of the injuries he suffered. In 1812, the Sulzbach settlement, located in the south of the Hemsbach district, was separated and became independent.

During the " Baden Revolution ", Hessian troops and Baden insurgents met at Hemsbach in 1849 and fought hard. A cannon ball in the outer wall of the Hemsbach station building still reminds of this today.

Politically, the National Liberals had been dominant since the establishment of the Empire in 1871 until they were ousted by the Social Democrats in 1907 , who were usually the strongest party during the Weimar Republic . In the 1933 Reichstag election , the NSDAP received 30 percent and the KPD 21 percent of the vote.

The name of Cäsar-Oppenheimer-Platz is reminiscent of a 91-year-old Jewish man who died in 1940 as a result of his deportation to the Camp de Gurs camp . As a result of the persecution of Jews during the Nazi era, at least 15 of the 54 Jewish residents who lived in Hemsbach in 1933 were killed by 1945.

With the dissolution of the Mannheim district as part of the municipal reform of 1973, the community became part of the new Rhein-Neckar district . In 1979 the municipality of Hemsbach was given the designation city . In 1983 the Rennhof district of Hemsbach changed hands: it was affiliated to Hüttenfeld , a district of Lampertheim in Hesse .

year	1496	1777	1818	1852	1905	1939	1950	1961	1967	1970	1991	1995	2005	2010	2015
Residents	320	1,319	1,508	1,701	2,255	3,039	4,238	4,786	7,252	9,677	12,725	12,689	12,400	12,290	12,050

Religions

Jewish Cemetery

During the Reformation, which was in Hemsbach as in the entire Palatinate Reformation introduced. In 1653 the Catholic denomination was re-admitted and the only church in the city of St. Laurentius at that time was used by both religious communities as a simultaneous church. The Simultaneum was soon abolished in the Electoral Palatinate, but continued to exist in Hemsbach until a new Protestant church was inaugurated in 1936.

Families of Jewish faith have been documented since the 17th century. After all, since 1845 they had their own synagogue with a ritual bath ( mikveh ) and a cemetery that was used as an association cemetery . From 1836 to 1872 there was a Jewish elementary school . During the November pogrom of 1938, on November 10, 1938, foreign SA men detonated an explosive charge in the synagogue, causing considerable damage. A fire on the building was prevented by neighbors, who feared the flames would spread to other buildings. As a result, prayer books, ritual objects and other furnishings were thrown into the courtyard and lit there. Today it serves as a non-denominational meeting place and memorial.

In Hemsbach there is an Evangelical Free Church Congregation ( Baptists ), the Evangelical Bonhoeffer Congregation Center, the Evangelical Luther Congregation, the Catholic Parish of St. Laurentius and a New Apostolic Congregation .

politics

Today the town hall is located in Rothschild Castle

Old Town Hall

Municipal council

The municipal council has 22 members. The mayor is also the chairman of the council with voting rights.

The 2019 local elections led to the following result (in brackets: difference to 2014):

Party / group of voters	be right	Seats
CDU	25.8% (−8.9)	6 (−2)
Free voters	25.2% (+6.6)	6 (+2)
SPD	18.3% (−5.5)	4 (−1)
Green-Colorful List	15.7% (+7.1)	3 (+1)
Pro Hemsbach	15.1% (+0.8)	3 (± 0)
voter turnout	63% (+12.9)

mayor

The mayor is directly elected every eight years . In the 2011 election, the non-party Jürgen Kirchner prevailed. He was supported by the SPD, the Pro Hemsbach voter association and the Green and Bunten List and took office in 2012.

• 1988–2011: Volker Pauli (CDU)
• Since 2012: Jürgen Kirchner (independent)

coat of arms

The blazon of the coat of arms reads: In silver a black shoulder yoke, accompanied above and below by a red rose with green sepals. It goes back to a court seal from 1490. The fact that Hemsbach had a seal comparatively early was due to its function as a customs office on Bergstrasse. The tinging of the coat of arms was determined by the General State Archives in 1910. The yoke is the old symbol of Hemsbach. The meaning of the roses is not clear, but in the past it was probably just an ornament. However, historical research in Hemsbach is not yet fully clear about the meaning and origin of the symbols in the coat of arms. In his research results in 1992, City Councilor Edwin F. Höhn convincingly demonstrated that the curved symbol in the middle of the coat of arms represents a hook. A tension hook, which is also known as a shoulder yoke, was previously used in this wine-growing region in order to be able to comfortably transport loads on the steep mountain slopes. A basket or bucket was attached to the hooks at both ends and the containers were thus clamped together with the clamping hook. During the grape harvest, the containers were grape baskets; dung baskets were used to distribute manure. Splitting the load between two containers was very beneficial. The total weight could also be comfortably placed on one shoulder, with one container in front and one in the back. This allowed the wearer to walk unhindered through the narrow rows of vines and still have one hand free to carry another object, to hold on to or to navigate the path. A symbol from the area of ​​viticulture can also be found in the coats of arms of the neighboring communities. The municipality of Laudenbach has the hip in its coat of arms. A hip is a sickle-shaped knife that was used to efficiently cut grapes and vines up to our time. In the coat of arms of Weinheim is the symbol of the wine ladder. It used to be used to transport heavy wine barrels. As already mentioned, the symbol of a five-petalled rose is located in the Hemsbach coat of arms above and below the tension hook symbol. Edwin F. Höhn also showed the way for the historically correct interpretation. Before the Hemsbach court seal was used to confirm documents, documents were confirmed with the seals of the local pastors and probably also with the seals of the village lords of Hemsbach. The Hemsbach coat of arms can be found for the first time in an imprint of the Hemsbach court seal on a document from 1476. At that time, ownership of the village and castle of Hemsbach had already passed from the Elector of the Electoral Palatinate to the Bishop of Worms. The bishop of Worms at that time was Reinhard von Sickingen and his brother Dietrich von Sickingen was the village lord of Hemsbach. The von Sickingen family had five silver spheres in their coat of arms. The five-petalled rose in the Hemsbach coat of arms could be a takeover of the five spheres from the coat of arms of those of Sickingen, whereby the spheres were arranged as rose petals and they were arranged differently. With this interpretation of the historical context, the pure ornamentation of the rose in the Hemsbach coat of arms would be traced back to a real power-political background at the time of its creation.

Twin cities

Hemsbach has had partnerships with Bray-sur-Seine in the Seine-et-Marne department in France since 1972 , with Wareham west of Bournemouth in Great Britain since 1986 and with Müelte in the Saale district in Saxony-Anhalt since 1990 .

Culture and sights

Museums

A museum on the history of the Jews in Hemsbach is now housed in the former synagogue .

Buildings

St. Lawrence Church

Only the residential tower of the low castle, which already existed around 1421, has been preserved, today called "Zehntscheuer". At the back of the residential tower there is still a medieval bay window that was used as a toilet. It is the oldest building in Hemsbach.

In 1837, Count Waldner von Freundstein bought the Schafhof east of Hemsbach and had the 10.1 m high Waldnerturm , named after him, built on the hill above . The listed lookout tower is also known as the "Four Knights Tower" because it is decorated with four knight statues at the upper corners, but their heads are chopped off. From the upper 7.6 m high viewing platform with its eight small windows you have a good view of the Odenwald and over Hemsbach into the Rhine plain .

The St. Laurentius Church was built in the middle of the 18th century and extended by two axes in 1808. The baroque plastered building is provided with corner pilasters. The church tower with its French dome stands on the west side at the transition from the polygonal choir to the nave. On the south facade there is a round arch niche with St. Laurentius. The trapezoidal gable closes with a roof turret .

The old town hall dates from 1698, its ground floor hall from 1618. The upper floor was rebuilt in 1852 after a fire. The open ground floor hall of the two-story plastered building opens onto the street with three round arches. A roof turret rests on the gable and there is a square tower extension on the southwest corner.

The central building of the new palace goes back to a villa that the Palatinate hunting councilor Blesen built in 1764. In 1839 Karl Mayer von Rothschild acquired the building and had it expanded. The community acquired the property in 1925 and has been using it as a town hall ever since.

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  Four knights tower

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  Former synagogue

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  Catholic rectory

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  Train station, cannonball

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  Tithe shy

Artistic cinema nettle

leisure

The art house cinema Brennessel has received several awards for its outstanding annual film program. The 20 hectare grounds of the Wiesensee outdoor pool are ideal for local recreation. Numerous clubs and sports facilities complete the leisure offer.

The Hemsbacher Kerwe is known far beyond the community. The Kerwe takes place every year from the first Friday in August for four days and is widely known for its ostrich taverns. After the Weinheimer, it attracts the most visitors, also from the wider area.

The Wine and Blossom Festival (end of April / beginning of May with dancing in May) is due to the importance of Hemsbach as a wine village and location for tourism on the Bergstrasse.

The sports offer of the Hemsbach clubs is varied. The TC 1965 is the largest tennis club with ten courts. TV Hemsbach is one of the largest associations in the city. The Penguin Tappers , who take part in international tapping championships, are particularly successful .

The municipal youth center Hemsbach "JuZ" offers young people the opportunity to spend their free time there according to their wishes. Founded in 1973 on the initiative of young people and students, the Hemsbach youth center is one of the oldest of its kind. Every year the youth center organizes the Hemsbacher Ferienspiele, a twelve-day offer for 125 children with excursions and a four-day tent camp.

Economy and Infrastructure

railway station

traffic

Hemsbach has always had good transport links to the region. The city ​​has its own junction on the federal highway 5 ( Frankfurt - Karlsruhe ), which runs through the district. The Federal Highway 3 ( Darmstadt - Heidelberg ), in the field of mountain road since Roman times an important traffic route, passes through the town.

The Main-Neckar-Bahn Frankfurt - Heidelberg also runs through the city . Regional trains , S-Bahn trains and Regional Express trains stop here and create a connection to the centers of Mannheim , Heidelberg, Mainz , Darmstadt and Frankfurt. Bus lines lead to Laudenbach and Weinheim. Since the timetable change in December 2018, line 631 has also started at Hemsbach station. Hemsbach belongs to the tariff area of ​​the Rhein-Neckar transport association .

The closest airports are Mannheim City Airport (20 km) and Frankfurt am Main Airport (65 km).

The KVS / K 4229 district connection road, which branches off the B 38 in Weinheim , leads via Sulzbach, Hemsbach and Laudenbach and meets the B 3 south of Heppenheim, was opened on May 22, 2015. The engineering office Habermehl und Follmann (Rodgau) presented in the Heppenheim Building, Environment and Urban Development Committee (BUS) options for a further connection to the A 5. The traffic forecasts for 2025: for Laudenbach / Hemsbach there would be a bundling of traffic on the K4229 and an increase of 950 to 2,300 cars a day, but also a relief for B3 and L3110.

education

Goethe School in Gartenstrasse

In Hemsbach there are two primary schools (Goetheschule and Hebelschule), a community school (Schillerschule), a secondary school (Carl-Engler-Realschule) and the Bergstrasse grammar school . The Realschule and the Gymnasium are combined in one building. The community school is also in close proximity to the building. The education center, which contains all three schools, is supported by the three neighboring communities of Hemsbach, Laudenbach and Weinheim-Sulzbach . There are a total of five kindergartens for the youngest residents. The Volkshochschule Badische Bergstrasse has a branch in Hemsbach. The Catholic community runs a public library.

Personalities

The crime scene of the stagecoach attack by the Hölzerlips gang: Chaussee in front of Hemsbach (today B3)

Well-known Hemsbachers

• Alwin Renker (1931–2013), Catholic priest, religious educator and Old Testament scholar
• Hans Helwig (1881–1952), member of the Reichstag of the NSDAP , SS brigade leader and commandant of the concentration camps Ankenbuck , Lichtenburg and Sachsenhausen
• Mai Thi Nguyen-Kim (born 1987), science journalist, television presenter, chemist, author, and web video producer

People connected to the city

• David Pareus (1548–1622), Reformed theologian, held the parish office in Hemsbach from 1573 to 1577
• Reinhard Wolf (1589–1637), pastor in Hemsbach from 1613, gave the funeral address for the Laudenbach pastor Anton Praetorius in 1613
• Hölzerlips (1770–1812), robber, led the attack on a stagecoach in 1811 on the Chaussee in front of Hemsbach
• Carl Mayer von Rothschild (1788–1855), since 1839 honorary citizen of Hemsbach
• Jack van Doorn , trumpeter, singer, orchestra leader

literature

• Hermann Lauer: Hemsbach, Laudenbach, Sulzbach. A story of their church life. Donaueschingen 1924
• Camill Julius Maurer: History of the community Hemsbach an der Bergstrasse. Hemsbach 1930
• City of Hemsbach (ed.): Hemsbach an der Bergstrasse through the ages. Hemsbach 1980
• State Archive administration Baden-Württemberg in connection with d. Cities and districts Heidelberg u. Mannheim (Hrsg.): The city and districts Heidelberg and Mannheim: Official district description .
  • Vol. 1: General part . Karlsruhe 1966
  • Vol. 3: The city of Mannheim and the municipalities of the Mannheim district . Karlsruhe 1970
• Hans Huth: The art monuments of the Mannheim district: Without the city of Schwetzingen . Munich 1967
• Tom Segev : The Soldiers of Evil. On the history of the concentration camp commanders. Rowohlt Taschenbuch, Reinbek 1992, ISBN 3-499-18826-0 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
2. ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg, status: December 31, 2004  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
3. ^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume V: Karlsruhe District Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-17-002542-2 . Pp. 365-366
4. ^ Dietrich Lutz: The "Stone Horse" near Hemsbach (Rhein-Neckar district), a Carolingian border mark. Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg, year 1978, issue 1, pp. 46–47 ( Memento from December 12, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 10.6 MB)
5. ↑ Regests of the city of Heppenheim and Starkenburg Castle until the end of Kurmainzer rule (755 to 1461) . No. 6 ( digital view [PDF; 2.0 MB] - compiled and commented on by Torsten Wondrejz on behalf of the Heppenheim City Archives).
6. ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 1), Certificate 6a, About the Mark Heppenheim, mid-August 795. In: Heidelberg historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 60 , accessed on January 6, 2018 . 
7. ↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation, Bd.I, Bonn 1995, p. 48, ISBN 3-89331-208-0
   on the history of the prayer hall / synagogue. At alemannia-judaica.de
8. ^ District description, vol. 3 p. 517: Population figures up to 1967, including Rennhof, excluding Sulzbach and information from the State Statistical Office
9. ↑ http://www.alemannia-judaica.de/hemsbach_synagoge.htm#Zur%20Geschichte%20des%20Betsaales%20/%20der%20Synagoge
10. ^ State Statistical Office of Baden-Württemberg: Municipal elections 2019, City of Hemsbach ; City of Hemsbach: municipal council election 2019 ; Weinheimer Nachrichten, May 27, 2019: Close victory for the CDU in Hemsbach ; all accessed June 3, 2019.
11. ↑ Echo online October 22, 2011  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
12. ^ Herwig John, Gabriele Wüst: Wappenbuch Rhein-Neckar-Kreis . Ubstadt-Weiher 1996, ISBN 3-929366-27-4 , p. 65
13. ^ Friends of the Former Synagogue in Hemsbach
14. ↑ ^{a b} Dimensions of the tower based on our own measurements
15. ^ Waldnerturm, Hemsbach on the website of the Ministry for the Environment, Climate Protection and the Energy Sector Baden-Württemberg
16. ↑ About the Hemsbacher Kerwe. Retrieved on August 22, 2018 (German). 
17. ↑ From the timetable change in December, BRN will be operating the bus routes in the Weinheim line bundle. VRN GmbH, November 26, 2018, accessed on September 6, 2019 . 
18. ^ Inauguration of the Weinheim - Laudenbach district connection road ( Memento from March 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
19. ↑ Preferred variant must be checked ( Memento from February 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
20. ↑ https://www.kgv.nl/Van_Doorn,_Jack
21. ↑ https://rateyourmusic.com/artist/jack_van_doorn

Web links

Commons : Hemsbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: Hemsbach  - travel guide

• City of Hemsbach