Ankenbuck concentration camp

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"The Baden Concentration Camp Ankenbuck" Contemporary postcard

The Ankenbuck concentration camp existed between spring 1933 and May 1934 as an early concentration camp in a farm on the Baar between Donaueschingen and Bad Dürrheim . The estate, located in the parish of Brigachtal , was also used as a workers' colony .

The Ankenbuck estate was owned by the Baden State Association for Workers' Colonies in 1884 . The association belonging to the Inner Mission opened a workers' colony in Ankenbuck the following year, which, according to the association's purpose, should serve to return the unemployed to an "orderly and industrious life". Between 1920 and 1929, the Baden judicial administration leased Ankenbuck for use in prison. After the end of the lease, the sponsoring association was in financial difficulties; the initially deliberate dissolution of the facility apparently did not take place when unemployment rose as a result of the global economic crisis .

After the transfer of power to the National Socialists , the Baden Ministry of the Interior planned to set up a concentration camp in Ankenbuck in March 1933. The first 25 prisoners were transferred to Ankenbuck on May 11, 1933. The prisoners were without exception political prisoners, mostly from southern Baden, the majority of whom were members of the KPD , and some of the SPD . On average there were 80 to 100 prisoners in Ankenbuck, among them were the SPD member of the Reichstag Stefan Meier , Philipp Martzloff (SPD) and Georg Lechleiter (KPD). In December 1933 40 to 50 prisoners were transferred from the disbanded Heuberg concentration camp to Ankenbuck; 34 prisoners from Ankenbuck had previously been released. In March 1934 the Ankenbuck concentration camp was closed and the prisoners were transferred to the Kislau concentration camp . The prisoners had to work ten hours a day, including on the farm and in various workshops. They were also used in the construction of a shooting range for a shooting club in Bad Dürrheim.

The guards initially consisted of 13, later 25 auxiliary police officers provided by the SA . According to other information, members of the SS and the Stahlhelm were also part of the guard. The first camp manager was Franz Mohr, a retired police captain from Karlsruhe. According to prisoners' statements, Mohr's relationship with the guards was strained; Abuse of the inmates was limited under him. After moving to the Kislau concentration camp in June 1933, Mohr was replaced by the police captain Biniossek. Under Biniossek, the former Freiburg Communist Party Councilor Kurt Hilbig was severely mistreated. Hilbig initiated a minute's silence for the deceased Clara Zetkin on June 22nd . The last camp manager was SS-Standartenführer Hans Helwig from October 1933 , previously a member of the Reichstag of the NSDAP and from 1937 temporarily commandant of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp .

After the concentration camp was closed, Ankenbuck was again a workers' colony from 1934 to 1939. From 1950 to 1978 there was the Bad Dürrheim transmitter east of Ankenbuck for medium wave broadcasting. Today the estate is privately owned. Some regional bands now use part of the estate as rehearsal rooms. Nothing immediately reminds of the history of the concentration camp.

Known prisoners (selection)

  • Albert Fritz (1899–1943), German KPD politician and resistance fighter from Heidelberg, as a member of the Lechleiter group. Executed in 1943.
  • Franz Geiler (1879–1948), German trade unionist and SPD politician. From 1945 until his death in 1948 Geiler was first mayor of the city of Freiburg.
  • Rudolf Langendorf (1894–1942), communist resistance fighter, member of the Lechleiter group in the Heidelberg / Mannheim area. Executed in 1942.
  • Georg Lechleiter (1885–1942), German KPD politician and resistance fighter from Heidelberg, executed in 1942 as the founder of the Lechleiter group.
  • Philipp Martzloff (1880–1962), German SPD politician. In 1948 Martzloff was elected Vice President of the Baden State Parliament.
  • Stefan Meier (1889–1944) from Freiburg, member of the Reichstag for the SPD, murdered in Mauthausen concentration camp.
  • Ludwig Moldrzyk (1899–1942), member of the Lechleiter group in the Heidelberg / Mannheim area. Executed in 1942.
  • Jakob Treffeisen (1894–1962), German KPD politician from Freiburg, later member of the Advisory State Assembly of the State of Baden.

literature

  • Angela Borgstedt: Ankenbuck in southern Baden: workers' colony and concentration camp . In: Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel , Angelika Königseder (ed.): The place of terror. History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps . Early camp, Dachau, Emsland camp. tape 2 . CH Beck, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-406-52962-3 , p. 22–24 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Quoted from Angela Borgstedt: Der Südbadische Ankenbuck: workers' colony and concentration camp . In: Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel (Ed.): Dominion and violence. Early concentration camps 1933–1939 . Metropol-Verlag, Berlln 2002, ISBN 3-932482-82-4 , p. 211-216 .
  2. ^ A b c Angela Borgstedt: The South Baden Ankenbuck: workers' colony and concentration camp . In: Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel (Ed.): Dominion and violence. Early concentration camps 1933–1939 . Metropol-Verlag, Berlln 2002, p. 211-216 .
  3. ↑ See Meinrad Schaab , Hansmartin Schwarzmaier (Ed.) And a .: Handbook of Baden-Württemberg History . Volume 4: Die Länder since 1918. Edited on behalf of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg . Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-608-91468-4 , p. 166; August Greiner: Franz Mohr. The police captain of Kislau. The portrait of an extraordinary career (1882–1950) . In: Kriminalistik 64 (2010), pp. 309–314.
  4. ^ Klaus Drobisch , Günther Wieland : System of the Nazi concentration camps. 1933-1939. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-05-000823-7 , p. 150.
  5. ^ Subcamps and concentration camps in Baden-Württemberg, p.12 Brigachtal

Coordinates: 48 ° 0 ′ 1 ″  N , 8 ° 30 ′ 46 ″  E