Heuberg camp

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Flag of Germany.svg Heuberg camp Bundeswehr Cross Black.svg
Heuberg military training area from a bird's eye view (PK 1914) .jpg
Postcard: Heuberg u. Stetten - Barracks Camp 1914
Data (as of October 2010)
Location Stetten am kalten Markt
Number of soldiers 1094
Number of conscripts 504
Civilian workers 386
founding 1910

The Heuberg camp , which was set up in 1910, is the oldest part of the Bundeswehr's military installations south of the Heuberg military training area ( Baden-Württemberg ) and is located on the Großer Heuberg , a plateau in the Swabian Alb on the Stetten am kalten Markt mark . It is primarily used to accommodate training troops. Directly to the west, the newly built Alb barracks was opened in 1966 .

The military training area and the Heuberg camp near Stetten on the kalten Markt have always been a reflection of German history since their establishment in the Wilhelmine Empire.

Since the establishment of military facilities on Stettener Grund, every period of German history has had a significant impact on the camp: Baden units, World War I , SA training center, concentration camp , Wehrmacht , Reich labor service camp , criminal division , SS , French army , Bundeswehr , US nuclear weapons , Military police , ordnance clearance and others.

The barracks, the site and the Heuberg military training area covered around 4790 hectares in 2007, 1620 hectares of which are in the Stetten am kalten Markt district. The two properties at the Stetten am kalten Markt location - Alb barracks and Heuberg camp - account for 141.8 hectares (as of May 2007). In addition, practical course-related training for all fire protection forces in the Bundeswehr takes place on the Heuberg. Between 2005 and 2010, 13 million euros were invested in this area alone.

Planning

In 1909, plans were made ready for construction for three locations. An elaborated plan provided for the camp of the military training area near Heinstetten with a rail connection via the Heubergbahn . The Hirschhölzle near Straßberg with a rail connection via the Zollernalbbahn and a site near Stetten on the kalten Markt with a rail connection via a funicular were also discussed .

history

prehistory

→ See Heuberg military training area

Use until the end of the First World War

From 1910 the communities of Stetten am kalten Markt and Ebingen fought hard for the location of the new warehouse to be built. It was designed to accommodate 6,000 soldiers practicing troops and 2,500 horses. On September 1, 1910, the Prussian War Ministry decided that the camp should be built on a site near Stetten on the kalten Markt. On May 1, 1912, the work began, which should continue until 1916. The last completed building in the Heuberg camp was the officers' canteen, which today is the only building in the camp that is a listed building.

With the construction of the camp and its occupancy, an economic upswing began in the municipality of Stetten am kalten Markt, which developed into a boom with the outbreak of the First World War on August 1, 1914. Troops from all parts of Germany came to the Heuberg in order to move from there to the fronts in east and west. Among other things, the 25th Reserve Division was set up on the Heuberg in August 1914 and was relocated to the Western Front with 116 trains from August 30, 1914. Dominik Richert completed a troop exercise there in July 1914 with the IR 1/112 before the war.

On October 17, 1914, construction of a prisoner-of-war camp for 3,000 soldiers began to the northwest of the camp . The first 29 prisoners arrived on November 25, 1914. Five days later there were 189 prisoners. The area of ​​the prisoner-of-war camp was constantly expanding, so that at the end of 1917 there were around 15,000 prisoners of war - mostly of Russian or French origin - in addition to the 5,000 soldiers stationed in the military camp. It was one of the largest camps in Germany. In the beginning, the prisoners were used to work on the military training area and in the camp as well as in agriculture, but soon they were employed in the industry in the area, where their labor should replace that of the workers on the fronts and ensure economic stability.

The deceased from the camp were buried in the so-called "Russian cemetery" at the entrance to the Stetten Valley. The cemetery of the hospital was established in 1915 on the initiative of the prisoners. The memorial erected there during the time of the prison camp names 67 Russian and 43 French names. On another stone, this is a comrade's grave, 17 Russian names are also carved. The number of deaths rose sharply in the last year of the war, because of the generally poor food situation, which the German population suffered terribly from. In the period from March 1915 to January 1919, 181 prisoners of war were buried there. The French, Italians and British were transferred from the Russian cemetery on the Heuberg to their home countries after the end of the World War. 119 individual graves as well as the comrades' grave still exist today. The cemetery is protected as a cultural monument and is maintained by the Bundeswehr. A plaque at the entrance to the cemetery reminds that 15,000 Russians, French, English and soldiers from other nations reburied their dead soldiers on the Heuberg after the war. The graves bear different stones depending on the religion: Orthodox Christians with double cross, simple crosses for the other Christians, a kind of flower for Muslims. There were also Russian trenches with the Star of David, but these disappeared in the Third Reich. An obelisk commemorates the dead soldiers. The names of the soldiers who have been laid to rest are also carved. The Russian soldiers are written in Cyrillic script. Another stone commemorates the Russian soldiers who were buried in the local cemetery at the beginning of the First World War.

Use in the Weimar Republic

The end of the war in 1918 meant almost complete economic collapse for Stetten am kalten Markt, because due to the Treaty of Versailles and in accordance with the decision of the Reichswehr Ministry in Berlin, the Heuberg military training area with its camp was no longer used for military purposes by the troops of Defense Area V. For this reason, the entire camp and the square were handed over to the Karlsruhe association “Kinderheilfürsorge Heuberg eV” in 1920, whose newly founded children's recreation home was administratively subordinate to the Württemberg state tax office in Stuttgart. It was headed by Alexander Dominicus after 1924 . The children lived in a kind of "family" on the Heuberg, each of which consisted of 15 to 20 children up to the age of 14 under the supervision of a kindergarten teacher. The elderly were housed in the former officers' houses in two to four-bed rooms. Up to 3000 children, divided into 150 “families”, could be accommodated. The children's sanatorium, which was housed in the former hospital, was part of the children's rest home. The State Insurance Institution of Württemberg operated it as a sanatorium until 1973. From 1927 a year-round housekeeping school for war orphans was set up. It was a one-year full school that, in addition to specialist training, prepared for working life, but always paid attention to relaxation. City schools also had the opportunity to stay on the Heuberg for four weeks. The Heuber link, which is still known today, also dates from around 1927 . The Heuberg Children's Recreation Home was closed in 1933 after the National Socialists came to power.

Use during the Nazi dictatorship

In the course of immediately after the seizure of power of the NSDAP onset upgrade the armed forces the required Reichswehr (from 16 March 1935 as the Wehrmacht soon called) the exclusive right to dispose of the entire training area and its facilities. The provisional takeover of the site took place on August 1, 1933, which meant that the concentration camp / protective custody camp set up in the Heuberg camp from March 1933 to December 1933 was closed. The military took over the place and the Heuberg camp on April 1, 1934. The event of the military training area, which is now again fully used by the military, was celebrated with a large folk festival in Stetten am Kalten Markt. Following this, the camp and exercise area were brought up to date. Associated with this were renewed assignments of territory by the neighboring community, including for the (still existing) outdoor fire positions, from which Stetten was not spared. In the area of ​​today's Alb barracks, an extensive barracks camp with around 400 barracks, planned for the Reich Labor Service (RAD) and ancillary buildings, was built from 1940 . The facility was used by the Wehrmacht. With these and other extensive construction measures, a second economic boom began for the garrison community of Stetten on the kalten Markt. The number of those employed in connection with the military training area increased, and the building trade was also very busy. A busy economic life developed and the commercial enterprises re-directed their production entirely to the military training area, a boom that the outbreak of the Second World War (1939–1945) did not allow for long to grow.

In the war winter of 1941/42, the Heuberg military training area was the setting up or refreshment site for various Wehrmacht and Waffen SS units . Among many others were stationed there: " Probation Unit 999 ", the Italian Bersaglieri Division "Italia", the "Legion Free India", the Winter Combat School of Military District Command V, the French militia of the Vichy government or the 2nd Division of the ROA ( Russian Liberation Army ). The surrounding communities were spared bombing during the war; "Bombed out" people from the heavily hit cities were housed there.

At the end of the Second World War, on March 1, 1945, the "Natter" project was the first vertical, manned rocket launch in the history of aerospace. On April 22, 1945, the Third Reich came to an end for the residents of Stetten at 10 a.m. French troops occupied the community and, after a short battle, the Heuberg camp, which had already been abandoned by the mass of soldiers. The camp was then used until 1946 as a collection point for DPs ( Displaced Persons ) from the region who were waiting there to be returned home.

Heuberg concentration camp

Hermann Wißmann, a member of the KPD , died in the Heuberg concentration camp in 1933; the city of Hanover honored Wißmann with Wißmannstrasse

On March 21, 1933, the Heuberg concentration camp for “ prisoners ” from Württemberg and Hohenzollern was opened near the Heuberg camp on the area of ​​the Stetten military training area on the cold market in the buildings of a former “large children's home”. It was the earliest concentration camp in the Württemberg / Baden area. According to newspaper reports, the first prisoners were brought there on Monday, March 20, 1933. From April 28, 1933, the camp was under the independent department of the Württemberg Political Police of the Württemberg Ministry of the Interior. The first camp commandant was SA-Sturmbannführer and Major a. D. Max Kaufmann from Stuttgart, in mid-April, Karl Buck, who had been deputy until then, took over management.

Between March 20, 1933 and November 1933, more than 2,000 communists, social democrats and partisans of the center and the DDP were temporarily detained in the “Heuberg Concentration Camp” and subjected to inhumane treatment, around 3,500 men by the time it was closed. The most prominent prisoner was Kurt Schumacher , the member of the state and Reichstag during the Weimar period and later the first post-war chairman of the SPD . Even Oskar calfskin , who later became Lord Mayor of Reutlingen and many years of seasoning-Hohenzollern and Baden-Wuerttemberg then member of parliament, was among the detainees. Other inmates were the district judge and, after the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany, Fritz Bauer and Fritz Ulrich , who were members of the state parliament in 1933 and interior minister (SPD) for many years after 1945, and the journalist Josef Eberle from Stuttgart were appointed public prosecutors . Many relatives of the prisoners came to Stetten to get in touch with their fathers, husbands or sons.

Since the Heuberg was to be used entirely for military purposes again, the National Socialists planned to close the concentration camp in the summer of 1933. When it was dissolved between November and December 1933, the Wuerttemberg prisoners were taken to the Oberer Kuhberg concentration camp / protective custody camp in Ulm , the Baden prisoners to the Ankenbuck and Kislau concentration camps .

The concentration camp on the Heuberg was not an extermination camp of the National Socialists, although a number of prisoners who were imprisoned here died as a result of the mistreatment. Rather, it was the first so-called “ protective custody camp ” of the Nazi dictatorship in the south-west of Germany and thus one of the primordial cells of that criminal camp system that spread across Germany and reached its sad climax in the mass extermination camps . Since 1983 there has been a memorial on the edge of the military training area in the immediate vicinity of the three third chapel (17th century, 15 wayside shrines with stations of the cross), which commemorates the victims of the Heuberg concentration camp. At the initiative of the SPD in Baden-Württemberg, the memorial by the sculptor Reinhard Bombsch was inaugurated exactly 50 years after its opening.

SA winter school

An SA winter school was also set up on site.

Wehrmacht military training area and labor camp

The Heuberg camp and the military training area were taken over by the Wehrmacht in 1934. In 1940 a Reich labor camp with 400 barracks was built.

Training camp for the Penal Battalion 999

In the war winter of 1941/1942 the German Wehrmacht suffered heavy losses in the east (e.g. battle for Moscow ). In order to be able to compensate for this, up until now those classified as “unworthy of military service” - men who were excluded from military service by law because of misconduct (prison sentence, formerly imprisoned in a concentration camp, etc.) - were called up as “conditionally worthy of military service”. On October 2, 1942, the high command of the Wehrmacht issued the order to set up the " probation or punishment battalion 999 ". Already on October 15, 1942, the conscription to the Heuberg began. The history of probation unit 999 on the Heuberg ended in the winter of 1943, when the association was moved to the Baumholder military training area for further deployment or as a training and replacement force .

Since 1986 the victims of the Penal Battalion 999 have been commemorated with a memorial stone in the cemetery.

Location for foreign special units associated with the Wehrmacht

From autumn 1942 the transfer to the Baumholder military training area took place . Between 1943 and 1945 were among other things the " Indian Legion ", the Italian 29th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (Italian No. 1) Division "Italia", the 2nd Division of the Russian Liberation Army and militia units of the French Vichy government in Heuberg camp stationed.

Missile test site

On March 1, 1945, the first manned flight of a vertical take-off rocket aircraft in history took place on the Ochsenkopf . The Bachem Ba 349 "Natter" crashed and the pilot Lothar Sieber was killed.

Use after the end of the war in 1945

On April 22, 1945, French troops occupied Stetten am kalten Markt, the camp and the military training area almost without a fight. After the occupation, only smaller French units remained in the camp. Since all German and foreign troops in German service had already left the Heuberg camp during the occupation and had moved in all directions, the occupying power obviously considered the presence of larger military units to be superfluous. Almost all of the invading troops therefore withdrew immediately after they had been captured in order to continue occupying southern Germany.

Camp for prisoners of war from the Soviet Union

Shortly afterwards, the capacity of the camp was fully used again, as 20,000 former Soviet Red Army soldiers were billeted in the camp. A memorial stone with a rather veiled inscription in the local cemetery commemorates an unknown number of perished Soviet prisoners of war. Only the 7-meter-high, stone-walled memorial on the so-called “Russian cemetery” on the edge of the Heuberg military training area reminds of those prisoners of war who did not survive waiting to be transported to their homeland.

French army

After the transfer of the Soviet camp inmates to the Soviet Union at the beginning of 1946, the entire camp with the military training area passed into French administration. From that point on, it was the responsibility of the Forces françaises en Allemagne ( FFA ).

Gradually, the barracks buildings were now being filled with new units, which for Stetten exacerbated the housing shortage with all its unfortunate side effects. At the beginning of the 1950s, when relations between the community of Stetten am kalten Markt, its citizens and the French soldiers had largely relaxed, the French apartment blocks were built south of the camp and in its immediate vicinity, in which the family members are now stationed here French soldiers moved in, so that the formerly confiscated apartments were free again and an important step towards further normalization had been taken.

Numerous French units had been stationed in Stetten since the end of the war; Even with them, the place was known as petite Sibérie ("Little Siberia"). In addition to the practicing French troops, who only came to the Heuberg occasionally, a permanent garrison force was always stationed in the camp. This remained so even when the military training area and the camp were again placed under a German command and were largely occupied by Bundeswehr soldiers.

With the 3rd Dragons Regiment ( 3e régiment de dragons ), which was re-established on January 1, 1976 as the successor to the 5th Hussar Regiment, there was a French unit here until the withdrawal in 1997, which was one of the oldest regiments of the French Army.

US armed forces

Between 1962 and 1963 (1964?), US troops of the 357th Artillery Detachment allegedly stored atomic warheads north of the camp behind wooden fences as high as a house . Had there been a war against the Soviet Union, these would have been intended for use by the Nike Hercules long-range anti-aircraft missiles under the French Air Force .

armed forces

The economic emergency in Stetten am kalten Markt after the Second World War was not comparable to the situation during the Weimar Republic. The " German economic miracle ", which soon set in, did not leave its mark on the Heuberg either and began in 1956: In that year the newly created Bundeswehr moved into the Heuberg camp. The Luftlande-Jägerbataillon 9 (LL-JgBtl 9) was the first association of the Bundeswehr, which carried out its shooting and exercise program on the Heuberg - at that time still as guests of the French army. Further Bundeswehr units followed until the first German agency - German liaison officers at the French military training area commandantur Heuberg - was set up on October 24, 1958. The later German military training area command emerged from this. The location administration in Stetten am kalten Markt was set up on November 15, 1959, and is still responsible for the ongoing activity as the property administration office.

On December 12, 1959, Panzerbataillon 294 and Panzerjägerkompanie 290 were transferred to the Heuberg camp as permanent units. Parts of the camp were handed over to the Bundeswehr by the French army on January 1, 1960. Stetten am kalten Markt thus became a new location for the German Armed Forces, with the Heuberg military training center established by the German Armed Forces on January 1, 1960 being entrusted with the duties of the site elder.

As a further larger military unit, the 291 paratrooper battalion was also relocated from Sigmaringen to Stetten am kalten Markt, Heuberg camp, in 1960 , which was renamed Fallschirmjägerbataillon 271 (FschJgBtl 271) in 1970 and relocated to Iserlohn in 1971 . In 1964 the supply battalion 296 was relocated to Stetten am kalten Markt, but in 1971 it was divided into several successor units. To the west of the Heuberg camp, the extensive facility of the Alb barracks was completed in 1966 and occupied by the 294 tank battalion. From December 1971 until it was dissolved in 1992, the 293 tank battalion was stationed in Stetten on the cold market. In 1976 the sanatorium of the Württemberg State Insurance Institute was demolished.

The German reunification in 1990 also brought changes to the Heuberg: Since 1991 the location has been steadily reduced in size and within two decades 2000 people moved from Stetten to the cold market. Among other things, the tank battalion 294 was reclassified into the Panzergrenadierbataillon 294 in 1992 . A presence of the armored troops on the Heuberg for more than 32 years was coming to an end. Due to troop reductions and restructuring in 1992, it was decided to merge the site administration areas of the north-west of Meßstetten and Stetten am kalten Markt and to dissolve the site administration at Meßstetten. From 1994 onwards, the Bundeswehr reform resulted in further loss of posts. The 3rd Dragoon Regiment of the French Army withdrew in 1997 after a 51-year presence and thus handed over the entire Heuberg military training area to the Bundeswehr. Subsequent use was made by the Bundeswehr. Parts were given to the Federal Property Administration or to the municipality of Stetten am kalten Markt. The 294 Panzer Grenadier Battalion was finally disbanded on March 31, 2008 as part of one of the many structural reforms of the Bundeswehr. On March 24, 2015 the Panzer Pioneer Battalion 550 and on March 31, 2016 the Artillery Battalion 295 moved from Immendingen to the Alb barracks in Stetten am kalten Markt.

today

In the period since 1959, a large number of military units of the Bundeswehr were reorganized on the Heuberg, stationed and then relocated or disbanded.

On October 15, 2010, a big tattoo was held on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the garrison in Stetten am kalten Markt in the presence of Bundestag President Norbert Lammert and another 450 invited guests from politics, business and high-ranking military.

The fundamental reform of the Bundeswehr decided in 2010 also affects the Stetten am kalten Markt location.

The Bundeswehr Structural Commission set up on April 12, 2010 by the then Federal Defense Minister Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg ( CSU ) made the following suggestions in its position paper, which was handed over on October 26, 2010, regarding the location:

  • A future assignment of the ordnance center to the army.
  • A reduction of the military police unit by up to 25 percent.

On October 26, 2011, Federal Defense Minister Thomas de Maizière ( CDU ) presented the stationing concept 2011 in the federal cabinet , which would increase the 1640 posts at that time (as of October 26, 2011, formerly 5000 soldiers) to 2330 and the dissolution of parts of the ABC and Self-Protection School, the Feldjäger Battalion 452 and the Center for Ordnance Disposal of the Bundeswehr. Up to 4800 soldiers could be accommodated here for exercises. Further organizational measures saw the transformation of the medical center into a regional medical supply, a training and exercise center for ordnance defense, the artillery battalion 295 , the armored pioneer company 550, the recruit company 6, the fire protection center with the Bundeswehr fire station, the Heuberg military training area, the school for NBC defense and legal protection tasks - Training center fire protection and the 2nd / Feldjägerregiment 3 (from Sigmaringen) before.

From around 1,100 civilian employees in 2004, the number fell to below 800 (as of January 2011), as the Sigmaringen and Stetten locations on the cold market were downsized and a further 40 positions with the closure of the former ammunition depot in Pflimmern near Riedlingen at the turn of the year Dropped in 2010/2011. Currently, 30 percent of the community residents of Stetten work on the cold market in the Bundeswehr.

Troops stationed in the Heuberg camp

  • Jägerbataillon 292 ( German-French Brigade )
    • 5th Company (Heavy)
  • Feldjäger bataillon 452 (until 2013, reorganized in 2./FJgRgt, 3 in the neighboring Alb barracks)
  • Pioneers training center Explosive ordnance defense training base (formerly the Bundeswehr Center for Ordnance Disposal)
  • Fire Brigade School of the Bundeswehr
    • VI. and VII. inspection of the school NBC defense and legal protection tasks ( Sonthofen , known as ABC / SeS until mid-2013)
    • Support train Stetten akM
  • Association badge Sanitätsunterstützungszentrum Stetten akM Medical support center Stetten akM
    • Sanitary supply center Stetten akM
    • First aid team in Stetten akM
  • Heuberg military training area
  • Bundeswehr service center in Stetten on the cold market
  • Paratrooper Battalion 291 (set up here on July 1, 1960, from 1971 FschJgBtl 271; moved to Iserlohn on July 1, 1972 )
  • Panzerbataillon 293 (from 1971 to 1975 in the Heuberg camp, then in the Alb barracks, disbanded in 1992)
  • Panzerbataillon 294, from 1992 Panzergrenadierbataillon 294 (dissolution 2008)
  • 3rd / supply battalion 296 (repair company 1965 move to the Alb barracks)
  • from autumn 1964 supply battalion 296 (1st – 2nd and 4th company, Alb barracks)
  • Repair Battalion 210 (disbanded)
  • Panzerbataillon 553 (Homeland Security Brigade); Listed in 1981, dissolved in 1992.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Total area 1,417,564 m²

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Simone Dürmuth: series. There are more than 4600 soldiers in the district. In: Schwäbische Zeitung from October 30, 2010.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Gerd Feuerstein: Don't forget the victims. SPD candidate for the Bundestag lays flowers at the memorial at the military training area. In: Südkurier from November 19, 2008.
  3. ↑ a b Location profile Stetten akM (PDF; 3.2 MB), May 2007
  4. ↑ a b c d 5000 employees work in four barracks in the Sigmaringen district . In: Südkurier of January 13, 2011
  5. ^ Walter Stettner: Ebingen - The history of a city in Württemberg . Jan Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1986, p. 392 .
  6. ^ First lieutenant Marcus Klotz, officer for location matters in Stetten akM: Military relies on the Heuberg (1st part). In: Ders .: Series “100 Years of Military Training Area”. In: Südkurier. March 25, 2010.
  7. ↑ a b Lieutenant Marcus Klotz, officer for location matters in Stetten akM: One of the largest prison camps is set up (2nd part). In: Ders .: Series “100 Years of Military Training Area”. In: Südkurier. April 17, 2010.
  8. ↑ The Best Opportunity to Die, p. 11.
  9. ^ A b First Lieutenant Marcus Klotz, officer for location matters in Stetten akM: The camp counted 15,000 prisoners (3rd part). In: Ders .: Series “100 Years of Military Training Area”. In: Südkurier. May 6, 2010.
  10. ↑ a b Gabriele Loges (gl): A young Russian woman searches for traces of her origins in Stetten. Aigul Bakhtiyarova visits the military cemetery - UNESCO is organizing the trip to Germany. In: Schwäbische Zeitung from February 16, 2011.
  11. ↑ Lieutenant Marcus Klotz, officer for location matters in Stetten akM: Thousands of children find peace and relaxation (4th part). In: Ders .: Series “100 Years of Military Training Area”. In: Südkurier. June 15, 2010.
  12. ^ First Lieutenant Marcus Klotz, officer for location matters in Stetten akM: The Heuberg under the sign of the Third Reich (5th part). In: Ders .: Series “100 Years of Military Training Area”. In: Südkurier. June 26, 2010.
  13. ↑ Gerd Feuerstein (gfe): Commemoration for the 80th anniversary of the Heuberg concentration camp . In: Südkurier. March 27, 2013.
  14. ^ Markus Kienle: Heuberg. a. a. O.
  15. ↑ a b c Susanne Grimm: Memorial three-third chapel. Former members of the state parliament commemorate the war victims. In: Schwäbische Zeitung from September 10, 2010.
  16. ↑ a b Gerd Feuerstein (gfe): The Heuberg concentration camp . In: Südkurier. March 27, 2013.
  17. ↑ Andrea Hoffend : Heuberg Stetten concentration camp on the cold market on the website of the association Lernort Zivilcourage & Resistance e. V.
  18. ^ First Lieutenant Marcus Klotz, officer for location matters in Stetten akM: Penal battalion 999 is called up on the Heuberg (6th part). In: Ders .: Series “100 Years of Military Training Area”. In: Südkurier. July 23, 2010.
  19. ↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation, volume 1. Federal Agency for Civic Education, Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 , p. 85ff.
  20. ↑ a b c d Lieutenant Marcus Klotz, officer for location matters in Stetten akM: French occupy the Heuberg camp (7th part). In: Ders .: Series “100 Years of Military Training Area”. In: Südkurier. September 30, 2010.
  21. ↑ French Army Air Defense Missiles Nike & Hawk. (PDF; 5.7 MB)
  22. ↑ www.usarmygermany.com web page on US special artillery units.
  23. ↑ a b c d e f g First Lieutenant Marcus Klotz, officer for location matters in Stetten akM: German unity brings change (8th and last part). In: Ders .: Series “100 Years of Military Training Area”. In: Südkurier. October 12, 2010.
  24. ^ A b Siegfried Volk: "We stand for the Bundeswehr". In: Südkurier. January 13, 2011.
  25. ↑ Bundestag President Norbert Lammert celebrates the 100th birthday of the garrison. In: Südkurier. October 16, 2010.
  26. ↑ a b The effects of the stationing concept in the state of Baden-Württemberg. Federal Ministry of Defense, October 26, 2011, archived from the original on October 26, 2011 ; Retrieved October 26, 2011 .
  27. ↑ Michael Hescheler / fxh: Concern: 800 civilians are hanging on the troops. The head of the service center of the Bundeswehr expects changes - he doesn't know anything concrete. In: Schwäbische Zeitung from February 4, 2011.

literature

  • Markus Kienle: The Heuberg concentration camp near Stetten on the kalten Markt. (= K&O Science 1). Klemm & Oelschläger, Ulm et al. 1998, ISBN 3-932577-10-8
  • Markus Kienle: Heuberg. In: Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel (eds.): The place of terror . History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps. Volume 2: Early camp, Dachau, Emsland camp. CH Beck, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-406-52962-3 , pp. 126-128.
  • Ursula Suhling: 999 criminal soldiers - deported from the Hanover train station. Hamburg anti-fascists in Wehrmacht uniform. VSA, Hamburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-89965-613-8 , pp. 28 ff. (Contains a list of 407 named victims.)

Coordinates: 48 ° 7 '48.7 "  N , 9 ° 4' 17.8"  E