Great Heuberg
| Great Heuberg | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| surface | 917.72 km² | ||
| Systematics according to | Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany | ||
| Greater region 1st order | Low mountain range threshold | ||
| Greater region 2nd order | Southwest German layer level country | ||
| Main unit group | 09 → Swabian Alb |
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| About main unit | 093 → High Swabian Alb |
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| Natural space |
093.2 → Great Heuberg |
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| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 48 ° 7 '0.2 " N , 8 ° 53' 34.8" E | ||
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| circle | Zollernalbkreis , Tuttlingen district , district Sigmaringen | ||
| state | Baden-Württemberg | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
The Große Heuberg , mostly just called Heuberg , is largely identical to the natural area 093.2 of the Swabian Alb ( Hohe Schwabenalb ) in the south-west German stepland . It is located in the Baden-Württemberg districts of Zollernalb , Tuttlingen and Sigmaringen .
The relatively sparsely populated plateau in the southwest of the Alb has an area of about 10 × 20 km. Its elevations include the Dreifaltigkeitsberg ( 987.9 m ), the Klippeneck ( 980 m ) and the Lemberg ( 1015.7 m ) as the highest elevation in the entire Swabian Alb; The Staufenberg ( 955.5 m ) is roughly in the center of the natural area . Nusplingen is roughly in the center of the natural area .
Whether the name "Heuberg" is derived from its landscape-defining hay meadows or from the County of Hohenberg , whose territory was partly on the Heuberg, is disputed.
geography
location
The Große Heuberg extends in the Upper Danube Nature Park . In the west it is bounded by the valleys of Faulenbach and Prim and the Baar plateau , in the north by the Albtrauf , in the east by the valleys of the Eyach and Schmiecha or in the narrower sense, without the "Hardt", by the valleys of the Schlichen and the bear . The southern border forms the Danube , but the Badische Heuberg (more often called Hegaualb ) also protrudes over the Danube.
The region of the natural space largely coincides with the tourism-defined region of the tens of thousands .
The following communities are located in or on the Großer Heuberg: Bärenthal , Böttingen , Bubsheim , Egesheim , Gosheim , Irndorf , Kolbingen , Königsheim , Leibertingen , Mahlstetten , Meßstetten , Nusplingen , Obernheim , Deilingen , Reichenbach am Heuberg , Renquishausen , Schwenningen , Wehingen and Stetten am kalten Market . Smaller settlements on the Heuberg, on the Albrand belong to Spaichingen (with the Dreifaltigkeitsberg ), Denkingen (with the glider flight area on the Klippeneck ), Rietheim-Weilheim (with the hamlet Rußberg ) and Dürbheim (with the hamlet Risiberg).
The communities located entirely on the Heuberg have a total population of 36,267 (as of December 31, 2018)
Natural allocation and structure
The ridge forms the sub-unit Großer Heuberg (093.2) in the natural spatial main unit group Swabian Alb (No. 09) and in the main unit Hohe Schwabenalb (093 ) and is divided into the Alb as follows:
- 09 (= D60) Swabian Alb
- 093 High Swabian Alb
- 093.2 Great Heuberg
- 093.20 West Heuberg
- 093.21 Eastern Heuberg
- 093.22 Die Hardt
- 093.23 Southern Hardtrand
- 093.2 Great Heuberg
- 093 High Swabian Alb
geology
Geologically, the karstified plateau of the Großer Heuberg is related to the Middle Alb in the east . Lime rubble soils in the valleys contrast with lime-rich loams in flat areas on the plateau , deep but heavily decalcified loam soils in the depressions and dry valleys and lean limestone soils on the hilltops.
In the hamlet of Michelfeld, sand was extracted from an old arm of the ancient Danube . Christian Kiesinger (1876–1969), the father of Kurt Georg Kiesinger , used it to make bricks mixed with clay. Bohner ore was mined in pits on the Heuberg. There are reports of roe-shaped thone iron stones , of which there was a seam 1 - 2 shoe thick in the Heuberg . In Rietheim-Weilheim near the Maria-Hilf chapel, Doggererz was mined for the blast furnaces in Ludwigsthal until 1861 . Restored timbers from the 3.5 km drive are exhibited in the Tuttlinger Fruchtkasten. Leg carvers on the Heuberg turned broken gagat into jewelry in the Balingen area . The field name "by der Kalg Ofen " mentioned in 1496 indicates that lime was burned in Meßstetten
panorama
Climate and vegetation
The Große Heuberg has the highest elevations in the Swabian Alb, corresponding to its altitude of around 850 to 1015.3 m, particularly rough: The annual average temperatures are between around 4 ° C in the highest positions of the Alb eaves , around 5 ° C on the plateaus and 5 .5 ° C in the valleys. The precipitate directly to the eaves is about 1000 to 1100 mm (due to the slope rain), the eastern plateaus other hand, have only 850 to 900 mm of rainfall. These values are around half lower compared to the Black Forest (over 1800 mm), as the Great Heuberg is in its rain shadow .
In the autumn or winter, inversion weather conditions can set in, whereby the temperatures on the plateaus are higher than in the valleys lying in the fog and the foothills of the Alb. In the high troughs, lakes of cold air regularly form, so that night frost is possible even in summer. In Albstadt- Degerfelden, strictly speaking part of the Zollernalb , a temperature of −33.8 ° C was recorded in 2014, which is close to the nationwide cold record; lower temperatures were reached in Bavaria at the Funtensee and in Wolnzach -Hüll , for example .
Due to the climatic conditions, grassland predominates here . On the arable sites (see the history of Swabian stone fields), the field light carnation and Adonis flower groups are well established in the field of wild herb flora . Although the plateau is slightly more warm than the valleys due to the temperature reversal in winter, the vegetation period remains extremely short. Lean lawns , steppe heather and hutings determine the old vegetation, some of which are protected. However, the original beech and fir forest , which mainly covers the Alb eaves, is noticeably pushed back on the plateau where it is now mixed up with spruce and fir forests, as it is an old populated area despite the restrictive natural factors . Today, as already mentioned, grassland - summer pastures and above all sheep breeding - predominates by far.
History, economy, infrastructure and transport
Finds of Stone Age objects in the "Beilstein Cave" (hence the name) near Egesheim prove that Stone Age people settled here. From the subsequent colonization of the area by the Celts and Alemanni testify about 1,000 burial mounds and places of worship " idols altar " and "Heathen" .
The isolation and difficult accessibility of the Heuberg villages on the Alb plateau, the low fertility of the soil and the lack of water that existed until the 20th century meant that the Große Heuberg was one of the poorest areas in Germany for centuries. With the expansion of the Lochen Pass between 1849 and 1852, attempts were first made in the Kingdom of Württemberg to connect the Heuberg villages to the foothills of the Alb. In the 1930s, the Große Heuberg was still considered an emergency area, for centuries it was a classic emigration region. Due to the previously precarious living conditions, the residents were once considered backward, but on the other hand also cunning and full of peasant cunning.
Fruit trees were planted in Württemberg to help people help themselves. Only late-blooming must varieties are predominantly planted on the Heuberg, but with a very moderate yield. In the land register, the use of the hard shoulder in Württemberg was regulated by easements . In addition to King Wilhelm , the Brethren also gave away fruit trees.
Industry
The first cotton processing took place in 1760 by the Hechingen court factor Maier-Levi in Nusplingen , supported by the rulers. Jewish textile merchants appeared as publishers . They supplied yarn and took over the distribution of the finished goods in the parent companies.
However, the actual industrialization in the western Heuberg communities began hesitantly with the construction of the Heubergbahn in the 1920s, for example by branches of the Trossingen harmonica manufacturer Hohner . In sharp contrast to this, an economic upswing began in the time of the economic miracle through many new foundations and constant growth of small and very small businesses of craft origin. In the Heuberg area, small business owners were jokingly referred to as "basement manufacturers" by home weavers in the basement of their home. Often they were very modest Seldner houses with two rooms and, for example, a loom in the basement. The watch industry played a major role here with the Hermle watch manufacture .
The economic centers of the Great Heuberg are Gosheim (seat of the mechanical engineering company Hermle AG) and Wehingen in the west and Meßstetten in the east. Today the turned parts industry with around 200 companies (for example Anton Häring in Bubsheim ) is of major economic importance for its western part . This fact earned the landscape in the neighborhood the nickname screw mountains .
traffic
The extensive Heuberg area is little developed by public transport with the exception of school traffic, but the situation has been improved in recent years by bus connections to the ring train going west. Motorized individual transport is still predominant, companies often also provide their employees with minibuses for car pooling.
Due to the low population density, smaller Heuberg communities in particular are inadequately supplied with DSL lines by Deutsche Telekom , which is why the affected communities agreed on the broadband expansion with Kabel BW in 2006 , which means that a modern VDSL2 high-speed network of Telekom is now spread across the Großer Heuberg A comparable information infrastructure is available in the metropolitan areas.
Even today, a sign to the Heuberg camp in Stetten am kalten Markt reminds of the existence of the first concentration camp in southwest Germany. In 1933 around 2,000 people were temporarily held there and harassed. When it was dissolved, many prisoners were taken to the Oberer Kuhberg concentration camp near Ulm .
Others
Name "Heuberg"
Until the end of the 19th century, the term "Heuberg" was only used for the region west of the Bära. The area east of the Bära was called "Hardt", a term that is still used today to distinguish between western and eastern Heuberg. It was only with the establishment of the Heuberg military training area and the Heuberg camp near Stetten on the cold market that the term "Heuberg" also became common for the Hardt.
Language area
The ridge lies on the border between the Lower Alemannic language area and Swabian (see: Heuberg-Schwäbisch ). From east to west the Lower Allemanic characteristics of the dialect decrease, while the Swabian dialect increases.
New hiking trails on old training trails
The Enziandivision was housed privately in Meßstetten, Hossingen and Oberdigisheim . A 1.7 kilometer long train made up of crews and the guns loaded onto pack animals was on the move every day. In 1940/41 the mountain hunters built narrow paths on the eaves to accustom the pack animals to the height.
In order to offer half-day tourists an attractive destination, hiking trails were signposted and advertised based on these paths. In the Zollernalbkreis and the Obere Donau Nature Park , there is a synchronized offer in rail transport on all routes on weekends . Railcars operated by the Hohenzollerische Landesbahn operate here on Sundays and public holidays in order to make the Heuberg more attractive for tourism via Lautlinger Bahnhof.
Plane crash in 1945
On March 1, 1945, a deafening explosion could be heard at the Heuberg when a so-called miracle weapon was tested towards the end of the war . The Bachem Ba 349 (Natter) rocket plane crashed behind a horse farm near Nusplingen, and the pilot Lothar Sieber died.
Youth meeting on the Heuberg
The Allenspacher Hof on the Heuberg is the federal center of the Protestant Youth Association Horte (EJH) . 1977 and 2017 were invited to cross-union meetings on the Heuberg.
literature
Barbara Waibel: Emigration from Heuberg 1750–1900. Studies on migration structure and migration motivation. Edited by the history association for the Tuttlingen district, vol. 2. Tuttlingen, around 1992.
Movie
In 1980, a documentary made by Südwestfunk about the Heuberg region was released, "The Heuberg Film - Where Need Teaching Shooting", which at that time was largely perceived by the population as distorting and negative. This continues to have an impact today.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Nature Park Plan Upper Danube 2030 , on naturpark-obere-donau.de, accessed on August 2, 2020
- ↑ Baden-Württemberg State Statistical Office : Baden-Württemberg State Statistical Office - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) (help). Accessed July 31, 2020 .
- ^ Friedrich Huttenlocher : Geographical land survey . In: Bundesanstalt für Landeskunde (Ed.): Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany , sheet 178, Sigmaringen . Bad Godesberg 1959 ( online map [PDF; 4.3 MB ]).
- ^ Alfred G. Benzing: Geographische Landesaufnahme . In: Bundesanstalt für Landeskunde (Ed.): Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany , sheet 186, Constance . Bad Godesberg 1964 ( online map [PDF; 4.1 MB ]).
- ↑ a b Hohe Schwabenalb. Discover regional studies online (LeoBW), accessed on December 16, 2016 .
- ^ Klek: Hossinger ..:. In: Heimatkundliche Blätter Balingen, 2002, No. 10 , p. 1325 f., Here p. 1327.
- ↑ Friedrich von Alberti: The mountains of the Kingdom of Würtemberg, with special reference to halurgy . JG Cotta'sche Buchhandlung 1826, Stuttgart and Tübingen, p. 124 .
- ↑ Fruit box: Ludwigsthal department . In: press releases. November 21, 2016.
- ↑ Sigrid Hirbodian , Andreas Schmauder and Manfred Waßner (ed.): Community in transition . Volume 19 A city in transition The history of Meßstetten. No. 19 . Tübingen 2019, p. 198 .
- ↑ Sigrid Hirbodian , Andreas Schmauder and Manfred Waßner (ed.): Community in transition . Volume 19 A city in transition The history of Meßstetten. No. 19 . Tübingen 2019, p. 96 .
- ↑ Natural areas of Baden-Württemberg: Swabian Alb. Ministry of Rural Affairs and Consumer Protection, accessed December 15, 2016 .
- ↑ Weather archive Middle Swabian Alb (650–850 m above sea level). Retrieved December 15, 2016 .
- ↑ Minus 33.8 degrees: Cold record on the Swabian Alb. In: Augsburger Allgemeine. December 29, 2014, accessed December 16, 2016 .
- ↑ apfelgut.de: A Württemberg apple story
- ^ Leo Barek Institute (ed.): Jewish textile entrepreneurs . No. 42 . Tübingen 1984, p. 51 .
- ↑ Seldnerhaus of the fork princes
- ^ Basement manufacturers
- ↑ Schwäbischer Albverein Hossingen: Official Gazette of the city of Meßstetten 58th year / no. 8 . Hossingen. Ed .: City of Meßstetten. Meßstetten February 22, 2019, p. 20 .
- ↑ Muliweg
- ↑ Traufweg to Gräblesberg expanded in 1940/41
- ↑ Jens Ebert: 60 years ago: Establishment of the 4th Enzian Mountain Division in the Balingenl Albstadt area . Heimatkundliche Blätter November 30, 2001. Ed .: Heimatkundliche Vereinigung. Balingen.
- ↑ Achim Schnorrer: Hell ride on the wooden rocket. In: Spiegel Online . Retrieved January 17, 2019 .
- ↑ Ernst Sauter, Helmut Sieber: Meßstetter short stories by Ernst Sauter . 1st edition 2012. Ed .: Visual Design Meßstetten. S. 73 .
- ↑ Memorable day for the rocket flight. In: Black Forest Messenger . February 17, 2015, accessed January 17, 2019 .
- ↑ UT meeting in 1977 Böttingen
- ↑ ÜT meeting 2017 Böttingen
- ↑ The Heuberg Film - Where need taught how to turn
- ↑ Athletes jog on the Lupfen. In: Schwäbische Zeitung . July 19, 2006, accessed January 17, 2019 .