Hole pass

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Hole pass
The top of the Lochenpass, coming from the south

The top of the Lochenpass, coming from the south

Compass direction North south
Pass height 888  m above sea level NHN
state Baden-Württemberg
Watershed Lochenbach → Eyach  → Neckar Schlichen  → Neckar
Valley locations Weilstetten Tieringen
expansion Pass road
Built 1852
Motorcycle lock Weekend driving ban in the direction of Tieringen
Mountains Swabian Alb
map
Lochenpass (Baden-Württemberg)
Hole pass
Coordinates 48 ° 13 '6 "  N , 8 ° 51' 10"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 13 '6 "  N , 8 ° 51' 10"  E
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Serpentine at the Lochenpass, L440 between Weilstetten and Tieringen
The Lochen Pass on a topographic map of the Kingdom of Württemberg from 1850

The Lochenpass , also called Lochensteige , is 888  m above sea level. NHN- located pass at the eaves of the Südwestalb .

The 7.5 kilometer long pass road from Weilstetten to Tieringen is part of the state road 440. On the five kilometers between Weilstetten and the top of the pass in the "Lochengründle" it overcomes the almost 300 meters of the ascent of the Alb in the course of the Albtrauf . The Lochenpass is located in the Zollernalb district in Baden-Württemberg and represents the shortest connection from the Balingen area to Lake Constance . Historically, its significance lies in the connection between the Heuberg region and the foothills of the Alb.

history

The Balingen area has always been conveniently located on the old "Swiss Road" , which was the main connection route from Stuttgart to Schaffhausen to the west, below the Swabian Alb , and the old Alb crossing through the Eyachtal , today's federal highway 463 , through which a Roman road already led and which 1878 also formed the route for the railway line from Tübingen via Balingen to Sigmaringen . The third crossing over the Lochensteige to the Großer Heuberg was of strategic importance. According to the draft list from 1521 onwards, the Weilheim militiamen are responsible for securing the entangled pass road over the Lochen.

During the Peasants' War in 1525, the soldiers from Bauernjörg reached the Lochenpass on February 29th. Fighting breaks out below the holes. During the War of the Spanish Succession , Reich Field Marshal Duke Eberhard Ludwig , Field Marshal Johann Karl von Thüngen and Prince Meinrad II von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen decided to strengthen the defenses on the Lochen Pass and integrate them into a modern, continuous line of defense. From Lake Constance via Fridingen ( 48 ° 1 ′ 59.62 ″  N , 8 ° 57 ′ 2.45 ″  E ), the Bäratal to the Lochen , over the Lautlinger and Tannheimer Tal to the Zollersteig, then over the Killertal to the Talheimer Steig and further eastward. In April 1704, the digging work was completed. In 1704 Field Marshal von Thüngen and 8000 soldiers crossed the Lochen Pass.

The construction and maintenance obligations of the roads were incumbent on the neighboring communities, which, however, were unable to bear large investment costs. On the other hand, the Kingdom of Württemberg recognized that the traffic routes had to be expanded to develop and integrate the old and new Württemberg areas. In the 1830s, plans to expand the Alb crossings prevailed. Similar projects were the expansion of the Neue Weinsteige in Stuttgart or the development of the Geislinger Steige for rail traffic.

Up until the end of the 18th century, clamping services were to be performed on the Lochensteige . Most of the Alb crossings were straight and terms like " Hossinger Ladder " for the ascent from Laufen to Hossingen were meant literally. Demands from the Heuberg communities for better transport connections led to the first planning of a serpentine road .

In 1830 an agreement was reached that the community of Weilheim would bear one third of the construction and maintenance costs, and that the Oberamt Balingen two thirds. The decision on necessary measures remained with the Oberamt. The Oberamtwegmeister Falkenstein created the "Falkenstein's Correctionsplan" named after him for planning the new route.

On February 10, 1848 it was decided to expand the path. Three reasons were given for the expansion:

  1. The push of the Heuberg communities to expand.
  2. The condition of the old Steige, which is "illegal, sometimes life-threatening ...". The creation of a "permanent usability" was aimed at.
  3. The consideration "... of the distressed situation of the Heubergorthe, for whose relatives the creation of a job for next spring is urgently required ...".

The latter was a reaction to the hunger crisis of 1846/47 in Württemberg. The daily wage for the expansion was 16 to 20 cruisers for ten hours of work for a "woman", and 24 cruisers for men. Through the construction of the Lochenstrasse several hundred local poor, who otherwise would have had to be supplied from the poor, could be employed. The construction costs of 25,000 florins were financed by the Oberamt, the community of Weilheim and a state contribution of 10,000 florins. The Heuberg communities of Tieringen, Hausen am Tann , Oberdigisheim and Unterdigisheim , as well as the city of Balingen, which benefited particularly from the new, improved connection, made voluntary contributions. Weilheim was unable to pay his share of 2,000 guilders. After the road was completed, a settlement was reached in 1855: the community was partially waived the contribution; a remainder of 600 guilders was granted as a loan.

Construction work was completed in the second half of 1852. The narrow indexable inserts soon proved to be a problem . An extension of the hairpin bends in 1878 promised, among other things, a significant reduction in the price of long timber in the Heuberg region.

The new street was looked after by a full-time street guard. Its job was to keep the road in good condition. The road had to have a “proper curvature” in order to prevent damage from water that did not run off, so the ditches had to be kept free at all times. Gutters and depressions had to be repaired immediately with gravel. This had to be kept ready in a sufficient number of “conservation heaps” along the way. Stones should not be brought into the road in dry weather. Autumn was considered to be the best time for major road works, as the "... stones combine quickly and are therefore not crushed and just as little wasted, therefore the tram is smooth and level, so it is not difficult to use and yet the water runs off of it," so that a road maintained in this way requires less material than one on which material is brought in at other times. ”A quarry for the stones can still be seen today at the height of today's Lochenheim.

One third of the payment of the road watchman went to the community of Weilheim and two thirds to the Oberamt. In 1858 the financial shortage of the community of Weilheim was also expressed by the fact that the road warden Hetzel voluntarily paid 1/3 of his necessary uniforms himself.

present

The weekend driving ban does not apply to cyclists on the Lochenpass

Today's route largely corresponds to that of the past. The route was last adapted to modern automobile traffic in the 1970s. Since then, the pass has become an increasingly popular destination for motorcyclists. The parking lot in the last curve before the top of the pass, the so-called "Schaukurve", is a popular meeting place. Frequent accidents have led to further safety measures - for example, the guardrails have been additionally secured to prevent them from slipping underneath - and to a weekend ban on motorbikes in the direction of Tieringen (also applies to public holidays).

literature

Web links

Commons : Punch Pass  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Holdings A 28 aBd M 21 on Landesarchiv-BW.de
  2. ↑ Hans Jähnichen: The district of Balingen 1960 . Official district description. Ed .: State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg. S. 248 .
  3. ^ Fritz Scheerer: traffic route of the south-west Alb August 16, 1971 . Local history sheets Supplement to the Zollern-Alb-Kurier newspaper. Ed .: Heimatkundliche Vereinigung Zollernalb eV
  4. ↑ Kreisarchiv Zollernalbkreis, official meeting minutes 1842–1900, February 10, 1848, quoted from: Monika Schwedhelm: Die Lochensteige - From the story of an Albaufstieges in: 1200 years Endingen Frommern Heslwangen Weilstetten Zillhausen . In: Stadtverwaltung Balingen (Hrsg.): Publications of the City Archives Balingen . tape 5 . Hermann Daniel, Balingen 1993, ISBN 3-927936-48-0 , p. 257 .
  5. ↑ Weilstetten municipal archive, files, “Streets and ways”, No. 18; quoted from Monika Schwedhelm: The Lochensteige - From the story of an Albaufstieges in: 1200 years Endingen Frommern Heslwangen Weilstetten Zillhausen . In: Stadtverwaltung Balingen (Hrsg.): Publications of the City Archives Balingen . tape 5 . Hermann Daniel, Balingen 1993, ISBN 3-927936-48-0 , p. 257 .
  6. ↑ Monika Schwedhelm: The Lochensteige - From the story of an Albaufstieges in: 1200 years Endingen Frommern Heslwangen Weilstetten Zillhausen . In: Stadtverwaltung Balingen (Hrsg.): Publications of the City Archives Balingen . tape 5 . Hermann Daniel, Balingen 1993, ISBN 3-927936-48-0 , p. 258 .
  7. ↑ Monika Schwedhelm: The Lochensteige - From the story of an Albaufstieges in: 1200 years Endingen Frommern Heslwangen Weilstetten Zillhausen . In: Stadtverwaltung Balingen (Hrsg.): Publications of the City Archives Balingen . tape 5 . Hermann Daniel, Balingen 1993, ISBN 3-927936-48-0 , p. 256 .
  8. ^ Community archive Weilstetten, files, "Streets and ways", No. 14; quoted from Monika Schwedhelm: The Lochensteige - From the story of an Albaufstieges in: 1200 years Endingen Frommern Heslwangen Weilstetten Zillhausen . In: Stadtverwaltung Balingen (Hrsg.): Publications of the City Archives Balingen . tape 5 . Hermann Daniel, Balingen 1993, ISBN 3-927936-48-0 , p. 261 .