Oberdigisheim

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Oberdigisheim
City of Meßstetten
Former community coat of arms of Heinstetten
Coordinates: 48 ° 10 ′ 35 "  N , 8 ° 53 ′ 33"  E
Height : 777 m above sea level NN
Residents : 752  (Jun. 30, 2019)
Incorporation : 1st January 1975
View over Oberdigisheim in southwest direction
View over Oberdigisheim in southwest direction

Oberdigisheim is a district of Meßstetten in the Zollernalbkreis in Baden-Württemberg ( Germany ). The place is west of Meßstetten in the valley of the Bära .

history

Tombs and settlements from the Celtic period

In the Gewann Leuzenfelder Halde the map by Hofrat Ziegler shows a group of burial mounds in 1894.

12./13. century

Oberdigisheim owned in the 12./13. Century a local nobility that lived on in the Ortenau and in Rottweil .

14th century

At the latest since the end of the 14th century the place belonged to the rule Zollern-Schalksberg . With this it came to Württemberg in 1403 , where it was administered by the office in Balingen . Oberdigisheim farmers were involved in the peasant war . On May 11th 1525 the pastor of Digisheim blesses the army of the farmers.

1800

From 1806 the place, subordinate to the Oberamt Balingen , belonged to the newly established Kingdom of Württemberg and from 1919 to the national state of the same name . In Oberdigisheim, fruit trees were planted on private land by the roadside. In the land register, the use of the hard shoulder in Württemberg was regulated by easements . Examples: Alte Landstrasse ( 48 ° 10 ′ 14.84 ″  N , 8 ° 54 ′ 0.18 ″  E ) In addition to King Wilhelm , the Brethren also gave away fruit trees.

1900

Oberdigisheim came to the district in 1934 and to the district of Balingen in 1938 and, as part of the district reform in 1973, to the Zollernalb district .

On January 1, 1975, Oberdigisheim was incorporated into Meßstetten.

Mining

In Oberdigisheim was in 1738 in the hamlet Geyerbad in the working poor months of part-time farmers with wedge hewing iron ore for the blast furnaces of the Swabian metallurgical plants promoted in Tuttlingen. The completely preserved files of Ludwigsthal have so far been little researched.

Investigations of the slag from historical iron smelting show a type of small smelting furnace that has been able to smelt all ores in the area since the 13th century. The Harras smelter was shut down in 1832. After the construction of efficient railway lines in southern Germany, with the exception of the time of the Third Reich, only iron ore was mined in order to use limestone as an iron-containing aggregate in the blast furnace . There are reports of roe-shaped thone iron stones , of which there was "a seam of 1 - 2 shoe thickness" in the Heuberg.

The miner with wedge hoe and ass leather (1568)

The independent miners mined around 1844 at their own risk and were paid by Erzmesser Monitgel in Ludwigsthal according to the amount delivered. The victory over France in 1870 put an end to mining. Alsace-Lorraine with its rich ore deposits was incorporated into the empire, iron from the region was no longer in demand.

Production of weapons

Blacksmiths in the Middle Ages

The Oberdigiheim master craftsmen were able to produce, forge , carburize, harden and grind high-quality steel on site . At that time, the smelting works did not deliver any rolled products with the ordered purity, the corresponding alloying elements and the correct carbon content as we know them today to the forge in Oberdigisheim. The floor mats were decarburized and forged on site. For the actual cutting edge of axes, swords, knives and scythes, a very thin piece of steel melted from ores containing manganese was used. Then, in a welding process, knife steel is made from several layers of different qualities in the forge. For an ax, the thin, manganese-rich soul was chased into a U made of stainless steel. Another U was used for the Stilöse of soft steel with distance forge welded . Only now is it possible to forge into shape, as is still the case today. Then the tools and weapons are likely to be carburized , hardened , set in and sharpened at the cutting edge in bone powder . The manufacturing process was considered a professional secret of the masters. Words from the Romani and Pleißne languages ​​also protected the secrets. The Pleißne is a sociolect in the Zollernalb district and is one of the dialects of the Rotwelschen . Pleißne has shaped the vocabulary of the local colloquial language. Even the sovereign did not know the details and, as an uninitiated, tries to use smelters made from inferior ores from Freudenstadt. Smugglers were commissioned to procure the required raw materials in the desired quality. Only with modern analysis and etching processes could the secrets be largely explored. In 1698 almost a ton of steel ingots was smuggled on the Reichsstrasse via Kolbingen . The assigned ironworks in St. Christophstal near Freudenstadt could only insufficiently freshen the unwanted iron companions . This steel was softer than the polish ore steel. This iron is too brisk and is not good on the stony and rocky slopes. Ferdinand von Steinbeis , after whom a street in Meßstetten is named, succeeded in optimizing the blast furnace process in Ludwigsthal . Steel smuggling supplies the forge in Oberdigisheim with high-quality steel. Ebingen bought 1,538 50 skewers for the defense of the city in Oberdigisheim The wage work verrichtenden craftsmen lived in this neighborhood in the city similar juxtaposed modest Seldnerhäusern with Ettertor on small plots allocated wasteland on the shady north side. In Frommern the settlement is called Granitz . Streets of the later expanded Seldnerhaussiedlung could be preserved in the area of ​​Widumstraße in Oberdigisheim.

Geyerbad

Spa

In the Middle Ages there was a bath house in the hamlet of Geyerbad ( 48 ° 10 ′ 46.36 ″  N , 8 ° 52 ′ 38.29 ″  E ). The people hoped for healing or at least alleviation of the predominantly rheumatic complaints. From numerous studies it is now known that the sulfur absorbed in the bath stimulates the cell metabolism, intervenes in enzymatic processes and is incorporated into organic substances. Such baths were public facilities like the tavern or the mill, since private houses usually had no such sanitary facilities. In the bathing room, the bather usually offered steam and sweat baths, separated by gender, as well as water baths, to which he added herbs if necessary. Diseases were transmitted through poor hygiene in bloodletting performed in bath houses. As with donating blood , the blood thins and blood pressure drops for about five days. In 1623 the spa in Nusplingen is closed. Waters are used in Tuttlingen and Bad Sebastiansweiler .

religion

Flyer lament of the poor persecuted idols and images of temples ( Erhard Schön , iconoclasm around 1530)
Bauernjörg On February 29, 1525 with an army in Bäratal in Meßstetten, woodcut by H. Burgmair the Elder. Ä.

Egesheim, Königsheim and Reichenbach am Heuberg belonged to Oberdigisheim church. By announcement of the upper church council of March 18, 1949 Egesheim, Königsheim and Reichenbach am Heuberg were assigned to the parish of Aldingen . Today the community still includes Unterdigisheim, Obernheim and Nusplingen.

The Freiburg doctor Johannes Murer preached the priesthood of all believers in peasant clothes as a Karsthans as early as 1523. When he was arrested in Balingen, he confessed that he would rather die than forego the preaching of God's word. Murer then died as a martyr for the gospel as did those other 45 evangelical peasant war preachers and pastors. There are iconoclasms in the area by Calvinist Swiss reformers. In the Oberdigisheim church, too, there was bad housing. Since then, the Protestants have been called "desert believers".

In 1525 social and political dissatisfaction broke out in Meßstetten during the peasant uprising. The church in Oberdigisheim became a center of the uprising. The pastor of St. John's Church in Oberdigisheim traveled from village to village and urged the population to revolt against the government. A bunch of 1,600 people came together. Right at the beginning of the year, the insurgents plunder the Schalksburg . The badge of the farmers around Balingen was a black and red flag with a white cross. On May 11th 1525 the pastor of Digisheim blesses the army of the farmers. Heinz Stengel (secondary form Senglin), who was imprisoned in the Balinger Tower, was forbidden to carry the weir. Since the lost peasant war, Oberdigisheim has been looked after by the parish of Tieringen and has no pastor on site.

In 1534 the Reformation was carried out in the Duchy of Württemberg ; since then Oberdigisheim has been Protestant . The Reformation in the area took place under Ambrosius Blarer .

See also

Born in Oberdigisheim

literature

Web links

Commons : Oberdigisheim  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Ober-Digisheim  - in the description of the Oberamt Balingen from 1880

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Sigrid Hirbodian , Andreas Schmauder and Manfred Waßner (ed.): Community in transition . Volume 19 A city in transition The history of Meßstetten. No. 19 . Tübingen 2019, p. 37 , (1500 copies from the city of Meßstetten) .
  2. ↑ Holdings A44 U96 on Landesarchiv-BW.de
  3. ^ Karl Dietrich: Peasants' War in 1525 . Ernst Nübling's office. Ed .: Württembergischer Volksschriftenverein. 1844, p. 128 (2nd revised edition).
  4. ↑ apfelgut.de: A Württemberg apple story
  5. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 541 .
  6. ^ State archive Sigmaringen Ho 235 T 13–15 No. 605: Wed
  7. ↑ State Archive of Baden-Wuerttemberg Abt.Wirtschaftsarchiv Stuttgart Hohenheim (ed.): Archive SHW . B 40 Bü 1232. Harras, Ludwigsthal.
  8. ↑ Kapff Dieter: Early iron smelting on the Swabian Alb . Ed .: Swabian homeland. 1993, p. 137-151 .
  9. ↑ : Rennofen . In: Reutlinger Generalanzeiger , May 22, 2007.
  10. ^ Martin Main State Archives Stuttgart B 40 Bü 1232: Medieval ironworks , Schwäbisch Gmünd.
  11. ↑ Memminger: Yearbook 1839 . S. 352 .
  12. ↑ Friedrich von Alberti: The mountains of the Kingdom of Würtemberg, with special reference to halurgy . JG Cotta'sche Buchhandlung 1826, Stuttgart and Tübingen, p. 124 .
  13. ↑ Holdings E 244 Bü 100 on Landesarchiv-BW.de
  14. ↑ : Iron Industry . In: Schwarzwälder Bote , September 28, 2016.
  15. ↑ Werner Metzger: Albvereinsblätter- Speech 125 years of the Albverein . Ed .: Schwäbischer Albverein Stuttgart. S. 3 .
  16. ↑ On Pleißne Burladingen see Werner Metzger: Speech 125 Years of the Swabian Alb Association . In: Sheets of the Swabian Alb Association 2013. Stuttgart, May 4, 2013.
  17. ^ Walter Stettner: Ebingen - The history of a city in Württemberg . Ed .: Jan Thorbecke Sigmaringen. 1986, p. 95 .
  18. ^ Walter Stettner: Ebingen - The history of a city in Württemberg . Jan Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1986, p. 217 .
  19. ↑ www.zak.de
  20. ↑ Sigrid Hirbodian, Andreas Schmauder and Manfred Waßner (ed.): Community in transition . Volume 19 A city in transition The history of Meßstetten. No. 19 . Tübingen 2019, p. 88 .
  21. ↑ The leaflet points out that the images are not responsible for turning them into idols; on the right in the picture: A man with a sting in his eye (Luke 6.41 But what do you see is the splinter in your brother’s eye, you do not notice the beacon that is in your own eye) looks at the iconoclasm (Uwe Fleckner, Martin Warnke, Hendrik Ziegler (ed.): Handbook of political iconography , Volume 1, p. 145, ISBN 978-3-406-57765-9 ). ( online ).
  22. ↑ Werner-Ulrich Deetjen: 700 Years of the City of Ebingen - History in Pictures Lectures on history . The Kingdom of God at Ebingen-Thoughts on its history and character. Printing and publishing house Daniel Balingen, Albstadt 1985.
  23. ^ Hermann Krauss: Local and Church History of Meßstetten . 75th anniversary of the church. Ed .: Organ Fund Pastor Peter Gall. Meßstetten 1989, p. 24 .
  24. ↑ Gottlob Hummel: The history of the city of Ebingen . Ed .: Cooperative printing company. 1923, p. 59 .
  25. ^ Jähnichen Hans: The district of Balingen . Official district description. Ed .: State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg. 1960, p. 265 .
  26. ^ Karl Dietrich: Peasants' War in 1525 . Ernst Nübling's office. Ed .: Württembergischer Volksschriftenverein. 1844, p. 128 (2nd revised edition).
  27. ^ Hermann Krauss: Local and Church History of Meßstetten . 75th anniversary of the church. Ed .: Organ Fund Pastor Peter Gall. Meßstetten 1989, p. 25 .