Oberdigisheim Castle

Oberdigisheim Castle
Creation time :	mentioned in 1141
Castle type :	Location
Conservation status:	Burgstall
Standing position :	Lower nobility
Place:	Meßstetten - Oberdigisheim
Geographical location	48 ° 10 '32.2 "  N , 8 ° 53' 29.3"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 10 '32.2 "  N , 8 ° 53' 29.3"  E
Height:	770  m above sea level NN

The castle Oberdigisheim is an Outbound Wasserburg in the western area of Oberdigisheim , a modern suburb of Meßstetten in Zollernalbkreis in Baden-Wuerttemberg .

history

The castle was located in the west of Oberdigisheim in the “Unter der Burg” corridor area, on today's land at Breitenstrasse 8 to 10. Another castle could have been located on the road to Tieringen in the “Steinstal” corridor area.

In 768 an Amalbert was wealthy in Digisheim. He donated land to the St. Gallen monastery, his (permanent) house in Digisheim and eight servants (around 20 people) Walther, Lallo, Panzo, Zutto, Anno, Nuno, Tuto and Utriho. The total extent of the grave field in the Gewann Hochlände (Fst. I) can be estimated at around 100 to 150 graves based on the distance between the individual sites. Due to the occupancy period of around 100 years, the associated settlement will have consisted of 3–5 homesteads. As a result, the site is the local grave field of the Merovingian (Ober-) Digisheim. This is evidenced by the natural spatial location of the burial site itself on a steeper north slope and the ideal-typical relationship to the old town center, which is about 100 m away and below the burial ground; and only there, on an alluvial cone and slightly elevated above the boggy valley floodplain, can the associated settlement site have been located due to the natural spatial structure. In the early 7th century, a first settlement with 3–5 farmsteads or 30–50 inhabitants emerged in the soft landscape of today's place. The location on Bäratalstraße Fridingen - Nusplingen - Tieringen - Balingen may have been decisive for the establishment of the place, in addition to the favorable settlement location in a valley widening and fork . The castle, first mentioned in 1141, was built by the noble lords of Digisheim from three different families, who have been mentioned frequently in Oberdigisheim since the 12th century and especially in Ortenau in the 14th to 15th centuries . Berthold and Konrad von Digisheim worked as lay brothers in the Wald monastery in 1312 , their sister Mechthild as abbess until 1329. Also Burkadt von Hossingen . In the 14th and 15th centuries, the Lords of Digisheim belonged to the patriciate of the imperial city of Rottweil. In 1360 the Lords of Digisheim ( von Winzeln ), called Grüninger, owned a feudal farm in Warmtal . The castle was abandoned in the 14th century. The remains of the former castle are still preserved; they formed a rectangle measuring 36 by 24 meters. The south-eastern narrow side bordered the Kohlstattbrunnenbach, the ditch was filled with water. The area at Breitenstraße 10 is not built over, the trench was largely filled in during hydraulic engineering work.

Occupation by conscript citizens

According to the draft list from 1521 onwards, the castle crew is also responsible for securing the tangled road in Ashenvale. Further barriers in the Meßstetter area are at Bschorner Weg (military training area near Kählesbühl), Tobelsteige (after Laufen), Rottweiler Weg ( Lochenpass at the hiking car park) and Weiher Burtel Burg Hossingen . The names of the soldiers have been handed down: Stefan Clesle (also Klöslin), Hans Roller (minor form Röllin), Hans Schweitzer, Marx, Fridolin Hainis, Heinz Stengel, Vogelhans, Konrad Großbayer, Baltasar Maier, Benedict Schneider Conrad Schneider Langhans, Ludin Stengel, Collin Dreher, Jörg Ibis, Michael Frieß. Michael Frieß was executed by cremation in Rottweil in 1584. The blacksmith is said to have worked on the Lamenberg near Fietzen. Person and place could not be assigned to this day. On April 15, 2015, the city council of Rottweil passed a resolution on the socio-ethical and moral rehabilitation of the victims of the witch trials. After participating in the Peasants' War of 1525, Heinz Stengel (minor form Senglin), imprisoned in the Balinger Tower, was banned from carrying the weir. They were only allowed to use a bread knife with a broken tip. In the last surviving draft list from 1603, Digisheim provides six musket shooters, 35 simple shooters, 9 double owls (armor), 19 simple servants and a carter with two raism monks (castrated draft animals). The soldiers are obliged to practice on Sundays and public holidays at the shooting ranges in Meßstetten and Tieringen.

Production of weapons and gunpowder in Meßstetten

Saltpetre for gunpowder was made by saltpetre boilers like Johannes Ammann, who came from Tailfingen, and Johannes Schempp (Salzsieder's son, short for the local dialect Salvaiter ) in a saltpeter works in Meßstetten.

The Meßstetter master craftsmen were able to produce, forge , carburize, harden and grind high-quality steel on site .

Blacksmiths in the Middle Ages

At that time, the smelting works did not deliver any rolled products with the ordered purity, the appropriate alloying elements and the correct carbon content as we know them today to the forge at Oberdigisheim Castle. The floor mats were decarburized and forged on site. For the actual cutting edge of axes, swords, knives and scythes, a very thin piece of steel melted from ores containing manganese was used. Then, in a welding process, knife steel is made from several layers of different qualities in the forge. For an ax, the thin, manganese-rich soul was chased into a U made of stainless steel. Another U was used for the Stihlöse of soft steel with distance forge welded . Only now is it possible to forge into shape, as is still the case today. Then the tools and weapons are likely to be carburized , hardened , set in and sharpened at the cutting edge in bone powder . The manufacturing process was considered a professional secret of the masters. Words from the Romani and Pleißne languages ​​also protected the secrets. The Pleißne is a sociolect in the Zollernalb district and is one of the dialects of the Rotwelschen . Pleißne has shaped the vocabulary of the local colloquial language. Even the sovereign did not know the details and tried to use inferior ores from Freudenstadt as a non-initiated person. Smugglers were commissioned to procure the required raw materials in the desired quality. Only with modern analysis and etching processes could the secrets be largely explored. In 1698 almost a ton of steel ingots was smuggled on the Reichsstrasse via Kolbingen . The assigned ironworks in St. Christophstal near Freudenstadt could only insufficiently freshen the unwanted iron companions . This steel was softer than the polish ore steel. This iron is too brisk and is not good on the stony and rocky slopes. Ferdinand von Steinbeis , after whom a street in Meßstetten is named, succeeded in optimizing the blast furnace process in Ludwigsthal . Steel smuggling supplies the forge in Oberdigisheim with high-quality steel. In 1538 Ebingen bought 50 skewers for the defense of the town in Meßstetten. The lead for the balls comes from Oberkirch .

The workers lived in the local area in modest Seldner houses, lined up like a town, with ettertor on small allotted wasteland plots. Called Granitz in Frommern . Seldner houses that were later expanded could be preserved in the area of ​​Widumstrasse in Oberdigisheim.

Scientific excavations

In 1968 surveying work took place. From 2008, the measurements were repeated and digitized with significantly greater accuracy by a team led by the Meßstetter castle researcher Franz Josef Häring. A 3D - CAD - Simulation of the Wasserburg, together with today's building in the background was created. Research work in archives was commissioned by the city of Meßstetten at the University of Tübingen in 2017.

Church centers

An important church at that time is St. Lamprecht in Meßstetten. Three altars "Our Women Altar", "St. Katharinen Altar "and" St. Michael's Altar ”have extensive benefices. Four mass priests , the pastor and the chaplains make up the pen. The St Lamprecht Church in Meßstetten is supported by Tierbergers. In 1360 Tierbergern donated a year in St. Lamprecht. The graves of Tierbergers can be found in the Church of St. Lamprecht. Oberdigisheim has had its own church since 1275. Melchior von Tierberg and Eberhard Rieberer, Kirchherrn zu Oberdigisheim, solve a tithing problem with Buck von Egk von Unterdigisheim in 1486.

Mining

In the hamlet of Michelfeld, sand was extracted from an old arm of the ancient Danube. Christian Kiesinger (1876–1969) father of Kurt Georg Kiesinger used it to make bricks mixed with clay. Bohner ore was mined in pits. There are reports of roe-shaped thone iron stones , of which there was a seam 1 - 2 shoe thick in the Heuberg .

literature

• Günter Schmitt : Castles, palaces and ruins in the Zollernalb district . Published by the Zollernalbkreis District Office, Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2007, ISBN 978-3-7995-0186-6 , p. 352.
• Günter Schmitt: Castle Guide Swabian Alb, Volume 5 - West Alb: Hiking and discovering between Reutlingen and Spaichingen . Biberacher Verlagsdruckerei, Biberach an der Riß 1993, ISBN 3-924489-65-3 , p. 344.
• Fritz Scherer: The St.Gallen monastery as the landlord in our area. In: Local history sheets. (= Supplement to the Zollern-Alb-Kurier newspaper). August 31, 1981.
• Hermann Bizer: Tailfinger Heimatbuch . Tailfingen 1953. Unchanged new edition 1987
• Walter Stettner: Ebingen. The history of a city in Württemberg. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1986, ISBN 3-7995-4094-6 .

Individual evidence

1. ^ Günter Schmitt: Castles, palaces and ruins in the Zollernalb district. P. 352.
2. ^ Document book, St. Gallen 1.51.
3. ↑ Georg Schmitt: The Alemanni in the Zollernalb district . on: d-nb.info. P. 157 Inaugural dissertation . University of Mainz, 2005.
4. ↑ Oberdigisheim at leo-bw.de
5. ↑ Princely Hohenzollern House and Sigmaringen Domain Archive (ed.): U 180, U182, U195 . Cistercian convent Wald near Sigmaringen.
6. ^ The district of Balingen 1961, Volume 2 - Official district description. P. 577.
7. ↑ Warmtal at leo-bw.de
8. ^ Günter Schmitt: Burgenführer Schwäbische Alb, Volume 5 - Westalb: Hiking and discovering between Reutlingen and Spaichingen. P. 344.
9. ↑ Holdings A 28 aBd M 21 on Landesarchiv-BW.de
10. ↑ Holdings A 44 U108 on landesarchiv-bw.de
11. ↑ NRWZ Verlag ( Memento of the original from May 25, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
12. ^ Hermann Krauss: Local and Church History of Meßstetten . 75th anniversary of the church. Ed .: Organ Fund Pastor Peter Gall. Meßstetten 1989, p. 25 .
13. ^ Hans-Martin Maurer: Overview of the holdings of the main state archive in Stuttgart . Old Württemberg Archive (A-holdings). Ed .: State Archives Administration Baden-Württemberg. 2., ext. Edition. No. 32 . Stuttgart 1999, p. 90-106 .
14. ^ Association for history, culture and regional studies in Hohenzollern in connection with the Hohenzollern teachers (ed.): Hohenzollern homeland . Quarterly papers for school and home. No. 2 1964 . Gammertingen, S. 28 .
15. ↑ Comparable preserved forge
16. ↑ Werner Metzger: Albvereinsblätter- Speech 125 years of the Albverein . Ed .: Schwäbischer Albverein Stuttgart. S. 3 .
17. ↑ On Pleißne Burladingen see Werner Metzger: Speech 125 Years of the Swabian Alb Association . In: Sheets of the Swabian Alb Association 2013. Stuttgart, May 4, 2013.
18. ^ Walter Stettner: Ebingen - The history of a city in Württemberg . Ed .: Jan Thorbecke Sigmaringen. 1986, p. 95 .
19. ^ Walter Stettner: Ebingen - The history of a city in Württemberg . Jan Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1986, p. 217 .
20. ↑ : book . In: Black Bote .
21. ↑ Inventory A 602 No. 6736 = WR 6736 on Landesarchiv-BW.de
22. ↑ Inventory A602 No. 6724 = WR 6724 on Landesarchiv-BW.de
23. ^ Inventory A 602 No. 6747 = WR 6747 on Landesarchiv-BW.de
24. ↑ Holdings Dep37T1 No. 36 on Landesarchiv-BW.de
25. ^ Klek: Hossinger ..:. In: Heimatkundliche Blätter Balingen, 2002, No. 10 . P. 1325f., Here P. 1327.
26. ↑ Friedrich von Alberti: The mountains of the Kingdom of Würtemberg, with special reference to halurgy . JG Cotta'sche Buchhandlung 1826, Stuttgart and Tübingen, p. 124 .