1830

The title of this article is ambiguous. For the game of the same name see 1830 (game) .

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1830
In France , the July revolution of 1830 led to the overthrow of King Charles X and the beginning of the July monarchy .
Louis-Philippe I becomes king of the French .	William IV becomes British King and King of Hanover .
1830 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1278/79 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1822/23 (September 10-11)
Bengali solar calendar	1235/36 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar	2373/74 (southern Buddhism); 2372/73 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	75th (76th) cycle Year of the Metal Tiger庚寅 ( at the beginning of the year Earth- Ox Jahres)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	1192/93 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	4163/64 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	1208/09
Islamic calendar	1245/1246 (turn of the year June 21/22)
Jewish calendar	5590/91 (September 17/18)
Coptic calendar	1546/47 (September 10-11)
Malayalam calendar	1005/06
Seleucid era	Babylon: 2140/41 (turn of the year April) Syria: 2141/42 (turn of the year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1886/87 (April)

The year 1830 was marked by revolutionary movements in large parts of Europe. The French July Revolution , the Belgian Revolution and the Polish November Uprising went down in history as defining events . There were also unrest in German and Italian states. In Great Britain, under the new King William IV , a course of political reform gradually took hold. In the Balkans, the balance of power officially changed: while Greece was able to achieve full state sovereignty , the Ottoman sultan granted Serbia greater autonomy. The year 1830 marked the beginning of a new Indian policy in the United States of America that drove the indigenous people into reservations. On the border with Mexico, clashes between US settlers and Mexican soldiers increased as a result of a new immigration law. Without the foreign policy pressure from the Spanish colonial power, internal cohesion dwindled in the newly independent Greater Colombia . New states such as Venezuela and Ecuador split off from the state association. In 1830 the constitution of Uruguay, founded two years earlier, came into force. Chile experienced a civil war from which the conservative forces emerged stronger. As in the United States of America, the conflict between natives and settlers came to a head in Australia. The French conquest of Algeria began in Africa . In 1830, the Egyptian governor Muhammad Ali claimed hereditary rulers over Egypt and Syria. This policy led to a military escalation in the Middle East with the Ottoman Empire in the following years. Southeast Asia fell on the defensive against European colonial powers. While the Netherlands was able to crush an uprising in Java and consolidate its rule, the British East India Company continued to expand its illegal smuggling trade in opium in China . From a technical point of view, especially in Great Britain, the expansion of the railway network took on new dimensions.

Events

Politics and world events

Greece

• February 3 : With the second London Protocol on Greece , the goal of the Greek Revolution , a Greece independent from the Ottoman Empire , is achieved, but under pressure from Great Britain , Russia and France not as a republic under President Ioannis Kapodistrias , but as a monarchy .

Great Britain

• June 26th : After the death of his brother George IV , Wilhelm IV becomes King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and at the same time King of Hanover .

France

Conquest of Algeria

• June 14th : French troops under the command of the Comte de Bourmont land in what is now Algeria and begin to conquer the country, initially directed against Algiers .
• July 5th : France and her troops can take the fought Algiers , which is the prelude to the further conquest of Algeria . This is followed by the conquest of Oran and Beleb el-Anab . Under Abd el-Kader , who unified the Berbers in the west of the country, resistance to the French attacks was formed.
• October 1 : In North Africa , the French colonial army, the first Zouaves on -Korps. The mercenaries are known for their bravery.

July Revolution

• July 3 : In the parliamentary elections, the opposition liberals are strengthened and win 52 seats.
• July 25 : King Charles X of France signed in Castle Saint-Cloud the July Ordinances . In it, he ordered the introduction of press censorship and an increase in the electoral census . This means that around 75% of previous voters are no longer eligible to vote. The ordinances will be published the next morning.
• July 27 : In Paris , as a reaction to the July ordinances, the July revolution of craftsmen, workers and students against the restoration policy of the Bourbons begins . There is barricade fighting . The king is now traveling to his country estate at Rambouillet Castle . On July 29th, the royal troops, who received no instructions during this period, withdraw from Paris. Prime Minister Jules de Polignac flees the city.

King Charles X of France

• August 2nd : King Charles X renounces the throne in favor of his grandson Henri d'Artois . The nine-year-old's succession to the throne is not recognized by parliament.
• August 7th : Parliament proclaims Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orléans, King of the French . Adolphe Thiers and François Guizot are among the staunch advocates of this decision.

Louis-Philippe I, King of the French, swears the oath on the new constitution

• August 9th : The Duke of Orléans as Louis-Philippe I accepts the royal crown offered to him. The so-called July monarchy , dominated by the upper class, begins.
• August 16 : Charles X embarks for England.

Further revolutions in Europe in the wake of the July Revolution

German Confederation

• August 30th : In Aachen , social protest is expressed about the miserable living conditions in unrest , mainly caused by the truck system . The vigilante group restores "peace and order".
• September 16 : After the arbitrary arrest of several tailors breaks in Berlin the Schneider Revolution from. She will be forcibly suppressed by the military by September 20th .

Charles II of Braunschweig

• September 7th : During an uprising in Braunschweig , Duke Karl II is expelled and the first Braunschweig castle burned down
• December 24th to 28th : During the Munich Christmas riot , there were several clashes between students and young craftsmen on the one hand and soldiers of the Munich garrison and civil armed forces on the other. The reason for the argument is the temporary arrest of two students. Professors Friedrich Thiersch and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling can have a moderating effect on the student body on December 29th . Harsh punishments by King Ludwig I of Bavaria such as collective university and city evictions are lifted after a few days.

Switzerland

• From September onwards, popular uprisings took place in most of the Swiss cantons , overthrowing the aristocratic regimes and leading to liberal constitutions in around half of the cantons by 1831 .

Heinrich Fischer collects the first volunteers for the train to Aarau in front of his inn in Merenschwand.

• December 6th : Freiämtersturm in Canton Aargau : Insurgents, led by Johann Heinrich Fischer , occupy the canton capital Aarau.

Belgium

• October 4 : After a of Brussels outgoing uprising declared Belgium for independent of the Netherlands.
• December 20 : In the London Protocol , the major European powers recognize Belgium's independence , but demand strict neutrality for the country.

November uprising in Poland

Capture of the Warsaw Arsenal

• November 29th : In Warsaw , based on the example of the French July Revolution , the November uprising in Poland against Russian rule begins . A group of conspirators, including Ludwik Mierosławski , attacked the Belvedere Palace with the aim of killing the de facto viceroy Konstantin Pavlovich Romanov , the tsar's brother. The badly planned attack fails, but the Russian troops and Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich Romanov withdraw from Poland in surprise . Now high Polish officers and leading politicians are also beginning to take part in the uprising. Princes Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki and Adam Jerzy Czartoryski try to end the unrest and negotiate with the Grand Duke.
• December 3 : A provisional government with the participation of the historian Joachim Lelewel is founded. Józef Chłopicki becomes the army commander in chief.
• December 5 : Józef Chłopicki is appointed dictator and confirmed in this position by the Sejm on December 18 . Chłopicki does not believe in a Polish victory and therefore tries to reach concessions for Poland in negotiations with the Russian Tsar.

Russian Empire

• Riverside Ishim is the Russian fortress Akmolinsk , the present town only Sultan (2019 Astana) , founded.

Ottoman Empire

• December 12th : The Ottoman Empire recognizes the factual independence of Serbia , which Miloš Obrenović has fought for. Under international law, however, the country did not become independent until 1878 .

The disintegration of Greater Colombia

• May 13 : Ecuador becomes an independent republic and separates from Greater Colombia .

Juan José Flores

• September 11 : In Ecuador , which left Greater Colombia in May , the parliament elects Juan José Flores in Riobamba as the country's first president.

Greater Colombia and its successor state New Granada

• September 14th : Venezuela becomes independent. The rest of Greater Colombia forms the Republic of New Granada .

Other events in America

• April 8th : Mexico prohibits the US from further colonizing Texas .
• May 28 : US President Jackson signs the Indian Removal Act to forcibly relocate the Indians of North America .
• December 16 : Uruguay decides on the national flag as it is today.

economy

• May 18th : The English inventor Edwin Beard Budding signs a production contract for reel lawn mowers .
• July 17th : Barthélemy Thimonnier receives a patent for the basic model of the sewing machine he developed .

science and technology

traffic

• May 3 : The Canterbury – Whitstable line , the world's first rail line for freight and passenger transport, opens.
• May 24th : On the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad , scheduled operations begin after a construction period of around three years.
• June 28th : The first section of the Saint-Étienne – Lyon line goes into operation.

Opening trip of the L&MR

• September 15 : The 40 miles long Liverpool and Manchester Railway (L&MR) opens for regular traffic. Eight trains pulled by locomotives run on the route. In the Parkside train station , the politician William Huskisson was run over by the locomotive The Rocket on the opening day . He is the first prominent fatality in a railway accident . The L&MR is the first railway line in the world on which all trains run according to a fixed timetable and with steam locomotives . A few weeks after opening, the first excursion trains and mail trains leave. The first freight train does not run until December, however, after the more powerful Planet locomotive has been put into operation.

Others

• August 16 : British astronomer John Herschel discovers the galaxy NGC 7674 in the constellation Pegasus .
• November 1st : On the island of Wangerooge , the first lighthouse with flashing beacons is put into operation on the German North Sea coast .
• December 6th : The United States Naval Observatory is established.

• Charles Lyell publishes his groundbreaking work “principles of geology”.
• In Meissen developed Heinrich Gottlieb Kühn , the gilding of porcelain .
• The first German shipbuilding school is built in Gabrow near Stettin . In 1861 it is affiliated to the royal trade institute in Berlin .
• In the United States, a simple type of sleeper is used for the first time .

Culture

Visual arts

• August 3 : The Royal Museum at the Lustgarten in Berlin opens.
• October 18 : The foundation stone for the building of the Walhalla is laid.

Freedom leads the people

• The French painter Eugène Delacroix created the painting Freedom leads the people .

The sons of Edward IV , Paul Delaroche

• Paul Delaroche paints the history painting The Sons of Edward IV in oil on canvas , one of his most famous works.
• The Glyptothek in Munich built by Leo von Klenze is opened.

literature

• July 23 : The romantic artist novel Maler Nolten by Eduard Mörike is available as a manuscript.
• November 2 : The anonymous short story The Battle-Omen appears in the Salem Gazette , possibly penned by Nathaniel Hawthorne.
• November 12th : Nathaniel Hawthorne anonymously publishes the short story The Hollow of the Three Hills in the Salem Gazette . On December 18 in the same newspaper his short story appears An Old Woman's Tale .

Music and theater

→ Main article : Music year 1830

• January 20th : The world premiere of the operetta Baron Luft by Conradin Kreutzer takes place at the Theater am Kärntnertor in Vienna.
• January 28 : The world premiere of the opera Fra Diavolo or The Tavern of Terracina by Daniel-François-Esprit Auber based on the libretto by Eugène Scribe takes place at the Théâtre Feydeau in Paris.
• February 25 : After a real battle for Hernani , a theater scandal during the world premiere of Victor Hugo's drama Hernani in the Comédie-Française , classical theater in France is replaced by romantic theater .
• March 11 : The opera I Capuleti ei Montecchi ( The Capulets and the Montague ) by Vincenzo Bellini premieres at the Teatro La Fenice in Venice. The libretto was written by Felice Romani based on various Italian sources, including Matteo Bandello's novella La sfortunata morte di due infelicissimi amanti ( The tragic death of two unhappy lovers ), which William Shakespeare wrote for his drama Romeo and Juliet , which was in Italy at the time is almost unknown, has served as a template. Bellini used pieces from his opera Zaira, which failed the previous year, for his work .
• March 17 : 19-year-old Frédéric Chopin gives his first concert at the National Theater in Warsaw, where the Concerto for Piano and Orchestra in F minor, Op. 21 , composed by him, will be premiered.
• April 23 : World premiere of the opera Danilowa by Adolphe Adam at the Opéra-Comique in Paris
• May 27 : World premiere of the comic opera Attendre et courir by Jacques Fromental Halévy at the Opéra-Comique in Paris
• July 15 : The Real Conservatorio Superior de Música de Madrid is founded as the first music academy in Spain.
• July 26 : World premiere of the opera Les Trois Cathérine by Adolphe Adam at the Théâtre des Nouveautés in Paris
• August 21 : World premiere of the opera Trois Jours en une heure by Adolphe Adam at the Opéra-Comique in Paris
• October 13 : World premiere of the opera The God and the Bajadere by Daniel-François-Esprit Auber at the Opéra-Comique in Paris
• December 2nd : World premiere of the opera Josephine ou Le Retour de Wagram by Adolphe Adam at the Opéra-Comique in Paris

First page of the original manuscript

• December 5th : The episode de la vie d'un artiste, symphonie fantastique en cinq parties by Hector Berlioz is premiered at the Conservatoire de Paris under the direction of François-Antoine habeneck . With this work Berlioz established program music and created one of the most important pieces of Romantic music of all.
• 11th December : World premiere of the comic opera La Langue musicale by Jacques Fromental Halévy at the Opéra-Comique in Paris
• December 26th : The opera Anna Bolena by Gaetano Donizetti based on the libretto by Felice Romani has its world premiere at the Teatro Carcano in Milan. With this work Donizetti made his breakthrough in Milan.

Others

• August 3 : The Royal Museum on Berlin's Museum Island , a building by Karl Friedrich Schinkel , is opened.

society

Main building of Tivoli with slide, Franz Wolf, 1830

• September 5 : The Tivoli entertainment establishment with slide opens in Vienna . The orchestra of Johann Strauss (father) receives a permanent commitment from the restaurant.

religion

• March 26 : The Book of Mormon "translated" by Joseph Smith appears in Palmyra, New York.
• April 6 : Joseph Smith , Oliver Cowdery and a group of approximately 30 believers found the Church of Christ in New York State , the forerunner of Latter-day Saints among others . It is the first to adopt the principles of the recently published Book of Mormon by Smith , so it is formally the beginning of Mormonism .
• August 18 : The Roman Catholic Church moves away from the interest ban . Pope Pius VIII lifts it in a letter to the Bishop of Rennes.

Disasters

• Due to the inadequate water supply as a result of the Danube floods , a cholera epidemic breaks out in Vienna, killing around 2,000 people by the end of 1831 .

nature and environment

• At times, Lake Constance is completely frozen ( Seegfrörni ).

Born

January February

• 0January 2 : Henry Morrison Flagler , American entrepreneur († 1913 )
• 0January 4 : Ernst Behm , German writer († 1884 )
• 0January 6 : Alfred Hegar , German doctor and gynecologist († 1914 )
• 0January 7th : Albert Bierstadt , German-American painter († 1902 )
• 0January 8 : Governor Kemble Warren , General of the US Army († 1882 )
• 0January 8 : Hans von Bülow , German composer, pianist, conductor and Kapellmeister († 1894 )
• January 18 : Grigor Parlitschew , Macedonian-Bulgarian writer († 1893 )
• January 19 : George Blake Cosby , Confederate General († 1909 )
• January 22nd : Carl Gustav Adolf Siegfried , German Protestant theologian († 1903 )
• January 26th : Karl Holub , Bohemian weapons technician († 1903 )

Page from the church book with Antonie Biel's date of birth and baptism

• January 31 : Antonie Biel , German painter († 1880 )
• January 31 : James G. Blaine , American politician († 1893 )
• January 31 : Henri Rochefort , French journalist and writer († 1913 )

• 0February 3 : Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil , British Prime Minister († 1903 )
• 0February 4 : Rudolf Lange , German actor († 1907 )
• 0February 8 : Abdülaziz , Ottoman Sultan († 1876 )
• 0February 8 : August Siemering , German-American writer, journalist and newspaper publisher († 1883 )
• February 11 : August Eisenmenger , Austrian painter († 1907 )
• February 14 : Anson Safford , American politician († 1891 )
• February 14 : Richard Adelbert Lipsius , German Protestant theologian († 1892 )
• February 15 : Marcos Segundo Maturana , Chilean general († 1892 )
• February 16 : Émile Durand , French composer and music teacher († 1903 )
• February 17 : Gerard Krefft , German-Australian zoologist and paleontologist († 1881 )

March April

• 0March 5 : Étienne-Jules Marey , French physiologist and photography pioneer († 1904 )
• 0March 5 : Charles Wyville Thomson , British professor of zoology († 1882 )
• 0March 6 : Ernst Ludwig Herrfurth , Prussian statesman († 1900 )
• March 11th : Eduard Dallmann , German explorer and polar explorer († 1896 )
• March 14 : August von Hergenhahn , German lawyer, district administrator and police chief († 1903 )
• March 15 : Victor Chéri , French composer and conductor († 1882 )
• March 15 : Élisée Reclus , French geographer and anarchist († 1905 )

Paul Heyse, ca.1860

• March 15 : Paul Heyse , German writer and winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature († 1914 )
• March 18 : Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges , French historian († 1889 )
• March 24 : Robert Hamerling , Austrian writer, poet and high school teacher († 1889 )
• March 26 : John Rogers Thomas , American composer († 1896 )
• March 26 : Theodor Schüz , German painter († 1900 )
• March 26 : Dewitt Clinton Senter , American politician († 1898 )
• March 29 : Victor Müller , German painter († 1871 )
• March 30th : Auguste Tolbecque , French cellist, conductor, composer, instrument maker and music teacher († 1919 )

• 0April 2 : William B. Anderson , American politician († 1901 )
• 0April 6 : George C. Ludlow , American politician († 1900 )
• 0April 9 : Eadweard Muybridge , English photographer and pioneer of photographic technology († 1904 )
• April 11 : Paolo Serrao , Italian composer and music teacher († 1907 )
• April 12 : Julius von Horst , Austrian major general and statesman († 1904 )
• April 14 : Simon Pollard Hughes , American politician († 1906 )
• April 26 : Benjamin F. Tracy , American Army General and Politician († 1915 )
• April 26 : Friedrich Ludger Kleinheidt , priest and vicar general († 1894 )
• April 26 : Thomas M. Norwood , American politician († 1913 )
• April 28 : Jakob Friedrich Wanner , Swiss architect († 1903 )

May June

• 0May 1st : Guido Gezelle , Flemish poet († 1899 )
• 0May 1 : Gustav Wallis , German botanist († 1878 )
• 0May 4 : James Henry Mapleson , English opera impresario († 1901 )
• 0May 4th : Jules Arnous de Rivière , French chess player († 1905 )
• 0May 6 : Ole Andreas Bachke , Norwegian lawyer and politician († 1890)
• 0May 6 : Abraham Jacobi , German "father" of paediatrics († 1919 )
• May 10 : François Marie Raoult , French physicist and chemist († 1901 )
• May 12 : Jean Conte , French composer († 1888 )
• May 12 : Joshua G. Newbold , American politician († 1903 )
• May 15 : Laurence Simmons Baker , Brigadier General in the Confederate Army in the Civil War († 1907 )
• May 18 : Karl Goldmark , composer, music teacher and violinist († 1915 )
• May 20 : Amalia Maria da Gloria Augusta , Princess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Duchess of Saxony and Princess of the Netherlands († 1872 )
• May 20 : Hector Malot , French writer († 1907 )
• May 20 : Iwan von Müller , German classical philologist († 1917 )
• May 28 : Carl Filtsch , Romanian-German pianist and composer († 1845 )
• May 29 : Louise Michel , French author and anarchist († 1905 )

• 0June 2 : Olivier Métra , French composer and conductor († 1889 )
• 0June 5 : Carmine Crocco , Italian Brigant († 1905 )
• 0June 6 : Gottfried Egger , Swiss brewery entrepreneur († 1913 )
• June 10 : Eduard Lübbert , German classical philologist and archaeologist († 1889 )
• June 16 : Leonard Monheim , German manufacturer († 1913 )
• June 17 : Jeremiah McLain Rusk , American politician († 1893 )
• June 18 : Anna Maria Rosalia Ferdinande Countess von der Asseburg , German noblewoman († 1905 )
• June 20 : Friedrich Nobbe , German agricultural chemist, botanist and seed researcher († 1922 )

July August

• 0July 1 : Paris Gibson , American entrepreneur and politician († 1920 )

Self-portrait Camille Pissarro , 1873

• July 10 : Camille Pissarro , French painter († 1903 )
• July 20 : Clements Markham , British explorer, author and geographer († 1916 )
• July 31 : František Zdeněk Skuherský , Czech composer and music teacher († 1892 )

• 0August 8 : John J. Patterson , American politician († 1912 )
• August 10 : Guido Henckel von Donnersmarck , Silesian industrialist († 1916 )
• August 10 : Charles C. Van Zandt , American politician († 1894 )
• August 15 : Mária Lebstück , officer and freedom fighter in Hungary († 1892 )
• August 17 : Richard von Volkmann , German surgeon († 1889 )

Archduchess Sophie with the two-year-old Franz Joseph

• August 18 : Franz Joseph I , Emperor of Austria-Hungary († 1916 )
• August 19 : Lothar von Meyer , German doctor and chemist († 1895 )
• August 20 : Gerhard vom Rath , German mineralogist and geologist († 1888 )
• August 27 : Maximilian Steiner , Austrian actor and theater director († 1880 )
• August 30 : Eduard Kreyssig , German architect, urban planner and civil engineering specialist († 1897 )
• August 30 : François-Marie-Anatole de Rovérié de Cabrières , Bishop of Montpellier and Cardinal († 1921 )
• August 31 : Edmund Kretschmer , German organist and composer († 1908 )

September October

• 0September 2 : William P. Frye , American politician († 1911 )
• 0September 8 : Frédéric Mistral , French poet and linguist († 1914 )
• September 12 : William Sprague , American politician († 1915 )
• September 13 : Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach , Austrian writer († 1916 )
• September 20 : Yoshida Shōin , Japanese intellectual and revolutionary († 1859 )
• September 25 : Karl Klindworth , German composer, conductor and piano virtuoso († 1916 )
• September 26 : Ōkubo Toshimichi , Japanese interior minister of the Meiji period († 1878 )
• September 27 : Johannes Vahlen , German classical philologist († 1911 )
• September 30th : John Rae , Scottish Arctic explorer and doctor († 1893 )
• September 30 : John Lee Carroll , American politician († 1911 )

• 0October 3 : Albert Günther , German zoologist († 1914 )

Isabella of Spain with about 5 years

• October 10 : Isabella II , Queen of Spain († 1904 )
• October 13 : Georg Kruse , German actor and writer († 1908 )
• October 18 : Matthias Lexer , Austrian Germanist and lexicographer († 1892 )
• October 24 : Marianne North , British painter († 1890 )
• October 26 : Polibio Fumagalli , Italian organist, composer and music teacher († 1900 )
• October 31 : Carl Eduard Schubert , German organ builder († 1900 )

November December

• 0November 2 : Karl Gustav Berndal , German theater actor († 1885 )
• 0November 2 : Jules Cohen , French composer and organist († 1901 )
• 0November 3 : Jacob Maarten van Bemmelen , Dutch chemist († 1911 )
• 0November 4 : Romain Bussine , French singer, vocal teacher and poet († 1899 )
• 0November 8 : Oliver Otis Howard , American general († 1909 )
• November 14 : Conrad Bursian , German philologist and archaeologist († 1883 )
• November 22 : Karl Christian Bruhns , German astronomer († 1881 )
• November 23 : Caspar von Zumbusch , German sculptor († 1915 )
• November 24 : George Michael Hahn , American politician († 1886 )
• November 25 : Lina Morgenstern , German writer, women's rights activist († 1909 )
• November 29 : Jules Péan , French surgeon († 1898 )
• November 29 : Paul von Leszczynski , Prussian general († 1918 )

• 0December 3 : Frederic Leighton , British painter and sculptor († 1896 )
• 0December 5 : Christina Rossetti , English poet († 1894 )
• 0December 7th : Luigi Cremona , Italian mathematician, structural engineer and politician († 1903 )
• 0December 8 : William P. Kellogg , American politician († 1918 )
• December 10 : Emily Dickinson , American poet († 1886 )
• December 11 : Kamehameha V , Hawaiian King († 1872 )
• December 13 : Arnold Güldenpfennig , German architect († 1908 )
• December 15 : Rudolph Anton , German lawyer and politician († 1884 )
• December 16 : Michael Birkeland , Norwegian historian, archivist and politician († 1896 )
• December 17 : Jules de Goncourt , French writer († 1870 )
• December 30 : Francis M. Drake , American politician († 1903 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• William Gillet Ritch , American politician († 1904 )
• probably 1830: Francis Tumblety , Irish or Canadian doctor and quack († 1903 )

Died

January to April

• 0January 7th : Charlotte Joachime of Spain , Princess of Spain and Queen of Portugal (* 1775 )
• 0January 7th : Thomas Lawrence , British painter (* 1769 )
• 0January 8 : Georg Heinrich Lünemann , German classical philologist and lexicographer (* 1780 )
• January 13th Christian Magnus Falsen , Norwegian politician (* 1782 )
• January 14th : Johann Georg Repsold , German precision mechanic (* 1770 )
• January 17 : Wilhelm Waiblinger , German poet and writer (* 1804 )
• January 19 : Wenzel Matiegka , Czech composer (* 1773 )
• January 20 : Red Jacket , chief of the Seneca (people), orator (* 1750 )

• 0February 1 : Anna Emilie , Princess of Anhalt-Köthen and heiress of the Pleß class (* 1770 )
• 0February 1 : Thomas W. Cobb , American politician (* 1784 )
• 0February 7th : Marcos António Portugal , Portuguese composer of operas and church music (* 1762 )
• February 11 : Johann Baptist von Lampi , Italian portrait painter (* 1751 )
• February 13 : Franz Raffl , traitor to the Tyrolean freedom fighter Andreas Hofer (* 1775 )
• February 19 : Christian Gottfried Lorsch , Mayor of Nuremberg (* 1793 )
• February 22 : Carl Gottlob Heinrich Arndt , German clergyman and cathedral provost (* 1751 )
• February 26 : Joseph-Denis Odevaere , Flemish painter (* 1775 or 1778 )
• February 27 : Gaspare Landi , Italian painter (* 1756 )

• 0March 2 : Samuel Thomas von Soemmerring , doctor, anthropologist, paleontologist and inventor (* 1755 )
• 0March 7th : Jacques Villeré , American politician (* 1761 )
• March 17th : Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr , French politician and military man (* 1764 )
• March 21 : Johann Rudolf Wyss , Swiss author (* 1782 )
• March 30th : Ludwig I , Grand Duke of Baden (* 1763 )

• 0April 6 : Ludwig I , Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (* 1753 )
• 0April 9 : Friedrich Münter , German Protestant theologian and bishop (* 1761 )
• April 12 : Christian Wilhelm Ahlwardt , German professor (* 1760 )
• April 17 : Alexander Smyth , American politician and general (* 1765 )
• April 18 : José Maurício Nunes Garcia , Brazilian composer (* 1767 )
• April 25 : Euchar from Adam , head of the Vicariate General in the Diocese of Eichstätt (* 1748 )
• April 27 : Anton Wilhelm Stephan Arndts , German professor (* 1765 )

May to August

• 0May 3 : Karl Joseph von Aulock , German titular bishop (* 1771 )
• May 15 : Dominique Joseph Vandamme , French general (* 1770 )
• May 16 : Joseph Fourier , French mathematician and physicist (* 1768 )

• 0June 4th : Antonio José de Sucre , South American freedom hero (* 1795 )
• June 14 : Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein , German geographer (* 1771 )

George IV

• June 26 : George IV , King of Great Britain, Ireland and Hanover (* 1762 )
• June 30th : Friedrich von Motz , Prussian statesman, finance minister, district president (* 1775 )

• 0July 4th : Friedrich Delbrück , Prussian theologian and educator (* 1768 )
• July 10 : Heinrich Ofen , German composer and clarinetist (* 1768 )
• July 15 : Gottlob Heinrich von Lindenau , Saxon Chamberlain, District Forester (* 1755 )
• July 21 : Samuel W. Dana , American politician (* 1760 )
• July 24th : Carl Gustav Jochmann , German publicist (* 1789 )

• 0August 2nd : Friedrich David Gräter , founder of scientific Nordic studies in Germany (* 1768 )
• August 19 : Friedrich Wilhelm Agthe , German composer and Kreuzkantor (* 1796 )
• August 23 : Ferdinand Friedrich von Anhalt-Köthen , Prince of Anhalt-Köthen (* 1769 )
• August 27 : Louis VI. Henri Joseph , Prince of Condé (* 1756 )
• August 27 : Louis-Philippe de Ségur , Count of Segur d'Aguesseau, French diplomat (* 1753 )

September to December

• September 15 : William Huskisson , English politician and first prominent fatality in a railway accident (* 1770 )
• September 18 : William Hazlitt , English essayist and writer (* 1778 )

• 0October 4th : Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg , Prussian field marshal (* 1759 )
• 0October 4 : John Parker Boyd , American mercenary and general (* 1764 )
• 0October 5 : José Gregorio Argomedo , Chilean lawyer and politician (* 1767 )
• October 27 : August von Goethe , son of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (* 1789 )
• October 27 : Gotthelf Wilhelm Christoph Starke , German Protestant theologian and educator (* 1762 )

• 0November 8 : Francis I , King of Sicily and Naples (* 1777 )
• 0November 9 : Jan Śniadecki , Polish mathematician and astronomer (* 1756 )
• November 18 : Franco Andrea Bonelli , Italian zoologist, ornithologist and collector (* 1784 )
• November 18 : Adam Weishaupt , founder of the Order of the Illuminati (* 1748 )
• November 21 : Clement Storer , American politician (* 1760 )
• November 29 : Charles-Simon Catel , French composer and professor (* 1773 )
• November 29th : Hans Moritz Hauke , professional soldier, served under Napoleon, later in the Russian army (* 1775 )
• November 30 : Pius VIII , Pope from 1829 to 1830 (* 1761 )

• 0December 4 : William Branch Giles , American politician (* 1762 )
• 0December 8 : Benjamin Constant , French-Swiss writer (* 1767 )
• 0December 9 : Stephen R. Bradley , American politician (* 1754 )
• December 15 : Moritz Kellerhoven , German portrait painter and etcher (* 1758 )

Simón Bolívar

• December 17th : Simón Bolívar , South American resistance fighter and politician (* 1783 )
• December 23 : Wolfgang Schlichtinger , Austrian Catholic clergyman (* 1745 )
• December 26 : Heinrich August Typke , German Protestant theologian (* 1744 )
• December 28 : Therese Krones , Austrian actress (* 1801 )
• December 31 : Félicité de Genlis , French writer (* 1746 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Dudley Adams , English instrument maker (* 1762 )
• Atçalı Kel Mehmet Efe , Ottoman Zeybek (* 1780 )

Web links

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