Annaba

عنابة ⵄⴻⵏⵏⴰⴱⴰ Annaba
Coordinates	36 ° 54 '  N , 7 ° 45'  E Coordinates: 36 ° 54 '  N , 7 ° 45'  E
Symbols
coat of arms
Basic data
Country	Algeria
province	Annaba
Residents	207,617 (2008)
Annaba in November 2014

Annaba ( Arabic عنابة, DMG ʿAnnāba , tamazight ⵄⴻⵏⵏⴰⴱⴰ Ɛennaba ) is a coastal city on the Mediterranean Sea in the extreme north-east of Algeria with around 207,000 inhabitants (as of 2008). In ancient times , the city of Hippo Regius was located here . The Arabs called her Beleb el-Anab and during the French rule 1830–1962 the name was Bône . Annaba is the capital of the Annaba Province of the same name .

In 2004, around 40,000 students were enrolled at the University of Annaba .

Geographical location

Annaba is located at the western end of an elongated, more than 30 km long bay and at the foot of the Djebel Edough, a ridge rising to 1008 m, which has been partially declared an Edough National Park and whose foothills extend in the north of Annaba to the rocky Cap de Garde extend. From Annaba it is around 100 km by road to the Tunisian border, 150 km to Constantine (Algeria) and 585 km to the capital Algiers .

The ruins of the ancient Hippo or Hippo Regius are on the southern edge of today's city.

climate

Annaba
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     99   16 7th     77   17th 7th     61   19th 8th     64   21st 10     38   24 13     14th   28 17th     3.1   31 19th     8.2   31 20th     38   29 18th     65   26th 15th     98   21st 11     111   18th 8th Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: WMO World Weather Information Service

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Annaba Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 16.3 16.8 18.6 20.5 23.7 27.5 30.5 31.3 28.9 25.9 20.8 17.6 O 23.2 Min. Temperature (° C) 6.9 7th 8.2 9.8 13 16.5 19th 20th 18.2 14.9 10.9 8.1 O 12.7 Precipitation ( mm ) 98.5 76.6 61.2 64.1 38.3 14th 3.1 8.2 37.5 64.8 98.4 110.8 Σ 675.5 Rainy days ( d ) 14.5 12.2 11.4 11.2 8.2 4.2 1.4 2.8 6.9 9.5 14.5 14.6 Σ 111.4 Source: WMO World Weather Information Service

history

Antiquity

Hippo Regius was founded as Hippo ( Phoenician : Ippo = "fortress"; late Latin : Hippona ; under the Numidians: Hippo Regius ) by the Phoenicians from Tire as a trading post . At the time of the 1st Punic War , the Massylier ruler Gala conquered this colony; his son Masinissa made it from 201 to 149 BC. BC to the residence of the Numid kings (hence their epithet Regius). 46 BC In BC Hippo Regius was taken by the Romans and later got the legal status of a colony . Trade in Hippo flourished: from here (and Carthage ) Rome obtained most of its African products. In 391 Augustine came to Hippo and in 396 he became the Catholic Bishop of Hippo. Here he wrote his extensive works and developed the centuries-old distinction between the earthly state and the state of God ( civitas terrena  and  civitas Dei ). Augustine of Hippo died in 430 during the  siege of Hippos by the  Vandals . Hippo later belonged to the Vandal Empire and then to the Eastern Roman Empire . In 647 Muslim Arabs stormed Hippo and destroyed the city to the ground.

Re-establishment in the 11th century

In the 11th century the Arabs founded the city of Beleb el-Anab a few kilometers from the ruins of the ancient city center , which developed into today's Annaba. In 1830 the city came under French rule as Bône (see also History of Algeria ). In 1900 the Augustine basilica was completed.

20th century

At the beginning of the First World War - on the morning of August 4, 1914 - a ship of the German Mediterranean Division - the SMS Breslau - Bone shot at. At the same time, SMS Goeben fired at the port of Philippeville .

The Algerian War lasted from 1954 to 1962 ; at the end of it, many Europeans and pied noirs left the Bône. In September 1962 the city was half empty as a result of their escape. Administration, policing, the judiciary, education and many economic activities had come to a standstill. On July 23, 1964, the Egyptian freighter Star of Alexandria, loaded with ammunition, exploded in the port of Annaba. Over 100 people died and around 160 were injured in the accident; the damage was estimated at $ 20 million.

During the Cold War , the Soviet Navy had strategically important anchor rights with the port of Annaba from 1966, especially for the Soviet 5th Squadron .

traffic

Annaba is close to the east-west motorway . It is connected to Tunis, Constantine and Algiers via national road 44, which also forms part of the Trans-African Highways and the Cairo-Dakar Highway . The N 16 establishes the connection to the southern places. Trains to Algiers, Constantine and Biskra as well as Tunisia run from the train station right next to the port. The port is one of the ten most important ports in Algeria. Ro / Ro ferries run regularly to Marseille . The Annaba airport located 9 km southeast of the city. In addition to Algerian destinations, there are flights to Paris-Orly , Lyon and Marseille. The Annaba cable car connects the western outskirts with Seraïdi, 850 m above sea level on the Djebel Edough, which is otherwise only accessible via a 13 km long, winding mountain road.

sons and daughters of the town

• Alphonse Juin (1888–1967), French marshal
• Marceau Fourcade (1905– ??), French rower
• Georges Tapie (1910–1964), French rower
• Saïd Brahimi (1931–1997), Algerian-French football player and coach
• Claude Jorda (* 1938), French lawyer
• Edwige Fenech (* 1948), Italian film actress
• Michèle Victory (* 1958), French politician
• Gilles-Éric Séralini (* 1960), molecular biologist

Climate table

Annaba
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     107   16 7th     78   17th 7th     53   19th 9     46   20th 10     30th   23 13     14th   27 17th     2   30th 19th     9   31 20th     34   29 19th     76   25th 15th     94   21st 11     113   17th 8th Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: wetterkontor.de

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Annaba Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 15.7 16.6 18.6 20.3 23.4 26.9 29.9 30.5 28.7 24.6 20.9 16.9 O 22.8 Min. Temperature (° C) 6.9 7.1 8.5 10.4 13.2 16.6 18.8 20.0 18.5 14.8 11.0 8.4 O 12.9 Precipitation ( mm ) 107 78 53 46 30th 14th 2 9 34 76 94 113 Σ 656 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 4.5 5.8 6.4 6.8 8.4 10.0 11.3 10.2 8.3 6.5 5.1 4.4 O 7.3 Rainy days ( d ) 11 10 10 7th 6th 2 1 2 4th 8th 10 10 Σ 81 Humidity ( % ) 77 76 75 76 76 74 69 72 73 74 76 78 O 74.7 Source: wetterkontor.de

Web links

Commons : Annaba  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• AnnabaCity.net Annaba City , www.annabacity.net (French)
• Annaba , www.el-annabi.com (French)
• Le Port de Annaba site of the port
• Aéroport de Annaba Rabah Bitat on the website of the operator EGSA Constantine

Individual evidence

1. ^ Benjamin Stora : Algeria, 1830-2000. A short history. 1st paperback printing. Cornell University Press, Ithaca NY et al. a. 2004, ISBN 0-8014-8916-4 , pp. 12 and 77.