Józef Chłopicki
Józef Grzegorz Chłopicki (born March 14, 1771 in Kapustyń (Kapustynia), Volhynia ; † September 30, 1854 in Krakow ) was a Polish general .
Life
Chłopicki comes from a poor noble family. He joined the Polish army and distinguished himself in the Battle of Racławice . Soon afterwards he became an adjutant to General Franciszek Rymkiewicz and in 1797 was one of the first to enter the service of the French Republic for the liberation of the fatherland.
He fought with distinction from 1799 to 1801 in Italy , 1807 at Eylau and Friedland , 1808 to 1811 in Spain and in 1812 in Russia near Smolensk and on the Moskva . Since he was not granted the hoped-for promotion to division general, he said goodbye and lived in Paris .
When Tsar Alexander I promised the restoration of Poland, Chłopicki returned to his homeland and was appointed division general in the Polish army. Offended by Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich at an army show, he said goodbye and lived in seclusion until the outbreak of the November uprising of 1830.
Although he could not share the hopes that the uprising would be successful, he nevertheless joined the Administrative Council as Commander- in -Chief , took over the dictatorship on December 5 until the opening of the Reichstag and tried during his term of office to reconcile with the Kaiser, from whom he made concessions the nation hoped to contribute. After the opening of the Reichstag (December 18) he resigned his office, but was immediately re-elected dictator and also tried to reach an understanding with Russia.
This and his severity moved the Patriotic Association to hold him accountable. Chłopicki therefore voluntarily resigned the dictatorship on January 23, 1831, but joined the army as a soldier in February as a proof of his patriotism and fought with distinction near Grochów and in the attack on the Russian corps under Ivan Schachowski and Caspar von, which he advised Geismar (February 25). He was seriously injured in this battle. He went to Krakow to heal.
Chłopicki's behavior was heavily criticized. He was accused of being lukewarm , and even attributed Poland's ultimate defeat to his indecision. Despite all his patriotism, he considered the uprising to be a lost cause from the start, especially since a letter from Tsar Nicholas I convinced him that an amicable mediation was out of the question. Since the suppression of the Polish insurrection , he lived in seclusion in Cracow and died on September 30, 1854.
Honors
His name is entered on the triumphal arch in Paris in the 37th column (KLOPISKY).
literature
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Chlopicki, Joseph . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 2nd part. Publishing house of the typographic-literary-artistic establishment (L. C. Zamarski, C. Dittmarsch & Comp.), Vienna 1857, p. 346 f. ( Digitized version ).
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Chłopicki, Józef |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Chłopicki, Józef Grzegorz |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Polish military, general |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 14, 1771 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Kapustyń (Kapustynia), Volhynia |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 30, 1854 |
| Place of death | Krakow |