Theater scandal
A theater scandal is the term used to describe conflicts over theater performances that touch social, moral, religious or artistic taboos and thus challenge the reaction of public opinion . This leads to rallies of disapproval, protests or even assault in the auditorium , followed by newspaper campaigns or political consequences such as censorship or bans.
General
Since theater direction has been regarded as an independent artistic achievement, not only the work itself but also its staging has often been the focus of theater scandals. Such conflicts ignite particularly violently in “ classical ” works as well as in opera , whose audience is particularly tradition- oriented . Also taboo fractures in the interpretation of works of operetta often evoke strong reactions.
Theatrical scandals are sometimes foreseeable or happen planned and then resemble productions with clear role specifications: on the one hand the audience who demands their right to undisturbed art enjoyment, on the other hand the artist who is convinced that they have to hold up a mirror to society. Since around the middle of the 19th century artists no longer saw their task in fulfilling the aesthetic catalog of norms, but increasingly tried to break these norms, the scandal as a “specific phenomenon of institutional art theater” has also been evidence of a self-chosen outsider role .
17th century
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1664 Tartuffe by Molière caused a scandal at its first performance in Paris, from which not even King Louis XIV could protect his protégé Molière. The clergy as well as powerful religious lay organizations (including above all the group of the "Dévots", who were supported by the Queen Mother, among others) felt their way through the play because of its drastic and for the time revolutionary criticism of religious hypocrisy, bigotry and the art of seduction denounced, attacked and obtained a ban on the performance of the first and also a second version of the piece, which premiered in 1667, for the next few years. Both public performance and private possession of the play were prohibited, and Molière himself threatened with excommunication and even stakes . Only the third, extremely defused variant was allowed to go on stage in 1669 (5 years after the first performance) and became a phenomenal success.
18th century
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1727 Astianatte by Bononcini . During a performance at the Haymarket Theater in London on June 6th, an open stage scuffle broke out between the Italian singers Faustina Bordoni and Francesca Cuzzoni , which turned into a real scandal. “At first the dispute was only carried out by hissing on one side and applause on the other; then there were cat calls and other improprieties. ”The performance was canceled due to the improper behavior of the audience in the presence of the Princess of Wales . In Admeto by Georg Friedrich Handel , the conflict had already been announced in May, although it is not clear to what extent the rivalry between the sopranos actually existed or to what extent it was carried out by the audience and hyped up by the press. This scandal meant the temporary end of Italian opera in London. "These parties were so upset that one whistled when the other clapped her hands, and vice versa." In The Rival Queen's , the scene takes place in the Temple of Discord. Handel stands by, resigned to fate, while the two women attack each other. The dispute also served as a template for the quarrel between Lucy and Polly in The Beggar's Opera (1728) by John Gay and Johann Christoph Pepusch and, based on this Ballad Opera , the jealousy duet of the rival brides in the Threepenny Opera (1928) by Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill .
1735 Alcina by Georg Friedrich Handel . The prima ballerina Marie Sallé , who revolutionized stage dance at the time, triggered a theatrical scandal with her appearance in Handel's Magic Opera on April 16, as she only danced the male role of Cupid in light clothing and was whistled on the open stage for it.
1752 La serva padrona by Pergolesi sparked the Buffonist dispute (1752–1754) in Paris , which revolved around the priority of French or Italian opera . The main actors of the controversy were on the one hand the conservative Coin du Roi (King's Lodge) , which favored French opera , and on the other hand the progressive Coin de la Reine (Queen's Lodge) , who defended Italian opera . The latter included u. a. the encyclopedists around Denis Diderot , Jean Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert , Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Friedrich Melchior Grimm . However, the dispute had already begun some time before, the competition between French and Italian troops had a tradition of decades. In the course of the conflict, more than 60 writings, mostly by leading philosophers, were published. The dispute led to profound changes in opera aesthetics, which later found expression in the Piccinnist dispute .
1782 The robbers by Friedrich Schiller ended in a scandal at the premiere at the Nationaltheater Mannheim on January 13th, after the play was already notorious due to its anonymous publication the year before. The revolutionary piece played almost in the present and could be understood as a call to overthrow. Fainting spells and hysterical reactions determined the atmosphere of the performance. An eyewitness reported: “The theater was like a madhouse, rolling eyes, clenched fists, stamping feet, hoarse screams in the auditorium! Strangers fell sobbing into each other's arms, women staggered to the door, on the verge of fainting. It was a general dissolution like in chaos, from whose mists a new creation is breaking out! "
19th century
Opera
1810 The Swiss Family , a Singspiel by Joseph Weigl and Ignaz Franz Castelli , became a scandal when it was performed in Berlin in November because Heinrich von Kleist had interfered journalistically in the casting of the leading role after tensions with theater director August Wilhelm Iffland . Iffland described the incident "as a barbaric treatment of the actors and the public", switched the state authorities on and admitted that they had "made them aware of measures of the calm of the public". The event has Achim von Arnim (the present at the concert was) in his novel Meliick Maria Blainville implemented.
1824 Der Freischütz by Carl Maria von Weber caught on December 7 at Theater Odeon in Paris in French translation and editing of Castil-Blaze under the title Robin des Bois ou Les trois balles (Robin of the forest or the three spheres) a scandal. When the performance threatened to be a failure, the authors successfully spread that it was the first version of the opera. They triggered a scandal that lasted for decades. The performance was so sloppy that it was whistled from the stage by the audience.
1830 La muette de Portici (The Mute of Portici) by Daniel-François-Esprit Auber had far-reaching consequences when it was performed at the La Monnaie Theater in Brussels on August 25, on the occasion of the 59th birthday of King William I of the Netherlands. The trigger was the duet Amour sacré de la patrie (“The holy love for the fatherland”): “Hallowed love for the fatherland, give us back daring and pride; I owe my life to my country. It will owe his freedom to me. ”This excited the audience and when Massaniello sang, ax in hand,“ Run for revenge! The guns, the fire! That our vigilance put an end to our suffering! ”The audience rose and shouted“ Aux armes! ”(To arms!). It was only a "scandal" to a limited extent, but a revolutionary mobilization of the public. The unrest after the opera against the unpopular Dutch rule led to the Belgian revolution and finally to the independence of Belgium.
1858 The Barber of Baghdad by Peter Cornelius . The world premiere in Weimar on December 15th under the conductor Franz Liszt became the biggest scandal in Weimar theater history, which was instigated against Liszt by the director Franz von Dingelstedt . As soon as Liszt stepped in front of the ensemble, parts of the audience began to murmur, and there was a distinct hissing sound in the applause . Obviously, the contributors should be made nervous. During the final applause, the situation escalated:
“An opposition that had not yet been heard in Weimar's annals faced the applause with persistent hissing right from the start; it was ordered, well-organized, appropriately distributed. [...] At the end there was a fight of ten minutes. The Grand Duke had applauded persistently, the hissers continued none the less. "
1861 Tannhauser by Richard Wagner lived in the Paris premiere on March 13 at the Salle Le Peletier of the Paris Opera one of the most famous opera scandals in music history, accompanied by hostilities almost the whole Paris press after the show for almost a year with 164 Ensemble samples had been prepared. Following the tradition of the house, Wagner was forced to incorporate a ballet into his opera, which he agreed to do in order to establish himself through a success in the Parisian music world. However, Wagner refused to introduce ballet in the second act, which would have accommodated the habits of the influential aristocratic Jockey Club , whose members used to dine during the first act, and did not appear for the ballet in the second act, in order to go "behind the scenes" afterwards closer contact with the leaping nymphs ”, and instead placed his ballet as the Bacchanal of Venus in the first act of the opera. Thereupon the members of the Jockey Club, who also harbored hostilities against Princess Pauline von Metternich , the wife of the Austrian ambassador, on whose initiative Emperor Napoleon III. had arranged the performance, at the second performance on March 18 a staged disturbance action:
“The overture and the first act went smoothly. But during the change [...] the long-prepared attack suddenly broke out, and a huge whistling and noise interrupted the music. The gentlemen of the jockey club did not even conduct their malicious disturbances because of the lack of ballet, but sat, quite deliberately visible, holding the small whistle in their hands covered with ice cream gloves . So it went on the whole performance. The singers were really heroic. Often they had to stop for 15 minutes or more to let the storm that was raging in the audience pass by. "
The “Battle of Tannhauser” lasted three performances, the opera was the talk of the day in Paris, and everyone who kept themselves tried to get one of the rare tickets. The Jockey Club had silver whistles distributed with the inscription “Pour Tannhäuser”. At the third performance on March 24th there were several interruptions, which caused Wagner to withdraw the opera.
1870 Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg by Richard Wagner triggered at the first performance at the Royal Opera House "Unter den Linden" in Berlin protests. The audience began to whistle, the noise increased more and more to finally degenerate into a real theater scandal during the beatings. “Krakeel is already in the house for the overture, the second act only ends with a loud noise. The press is embarrassed: 'If music could stink, you would have to hold your nose.' "
play
1808 The Broken Jug by Heinrich von Kleist provoked the Weimar Court Theater on March 2 at the amateurish executed premiere at Johann Wolfgang von Goethe a scandal because the piece with additives provided and was provided with a superfluous musical prelude.
“An incident occurred during the performance that had never been seen in the small Weimar court theater and could be described as something unheard of. A ducal official had the cheek to whistle the piece. The pounding of the audience turned into a roar, and Goethe himself would have joined the protest if his position had allowed it. "
Kleist saw himself as a victim of an intrigue. He believed that Goethe had ruined his play and was to blame for the debacle. Kleist wanted to challenge Goethe to a duel with pistols, but friends dissuaded him from this decision. Since he could not shoot the hated poet prince to death, Kleist wrote ridiculous verses that he published anonymously in a magazine.
1814 Ponce de Leon by Clemens Brentano ( comedy ) caused a spectacular theatrical scandal at the Vienna Burgtheater under the title Valeria or Vaterlist , which went down in theater history with bitter aftermath in the leading Viennese literary newspapers .
1819 Ferdinand Raimund caused a theatrical scandal through his private life and was hissed out on the stage because he had abandoned the wedding with the easy-going soubrette Louise Gleich, who was expecting a child from him. On the morning of the wedding there was a row, during which Louise bit the fiancé's finger. Raimund ran away, the background of the "prevented wedding" became public and Catholic Vienna had a scandal. Louise's father, the well-known theater poet Josef Alois Gleich , pulled out all the stops to persuade the groom to make a new appointment. Raimund was forced to marry on April 8, 1820, and the audience enthusiastically celebrated the couple's first joint appearance after their wedding at the Leopoldstadt Theater as a victory for “morality”. Heinrich Eduard Jacob processed these events in the novella Der gefesselte Raimund . As early as 1818, Raimund's relationship with the actress Therese Grünthal had ended in a theater scandal because he had beaten her in the theater after she had turned away from him. Raimund was arrested for three days.
1830 Hernani by Victor Hugo led to the battle of Hernani at the premiere on February 23 . The performance degenerated into loud and tangible arguments from the audience. On the stage of the famous Comédie-Française a kind of melodrama was performed that was reminiscent of the proletarian theaters on the Boulevard du Temple . Supporters of classical theater fought a real theatrical battle with supporters of a more modern form, later known as the Romantics . In Paris there was a centuries-old tradition of resolving political conflicts through the theater, as in the Buffonist dispute since 1752. In addition, as a result of the Napoleonic Theater Decree (1807), the schedules there were very uniform: A certain social class with very specific ideas went into each theater. Even slight disturbances of these expectations could trigger displeasure in the audience, which some cultural workers viewed as a stimulus for provocation.
1837 An apartment is for rent in the city, an apartment is to be left in the suburbs, an apartment with a garden is available in Hietzing by Johann Nepomuk Nestroy was the biggest theatrical scandal when it was premiered on January 17th in the Theater an der Wien Nestroy experienced when, in the philistine satire, by addressing the social grievances of pre-March Austria, he held up a distorting mirror to his opponents and turned not only the landlords but also the caretakers against him. Nestroy's relentlessly open, biting criticism of pseudo-morality and hypocrisy was described as a "pointless and meaningless work" and only played three times.
1848 The Anverwandten by Johann Nepomuk Nestroy , a political comedy that deals with the bourgeois revolution (based on the play Martin Chuzzlewit by Charles Dickens ), aroused at the premiere on May 25 at the Carl Theater in Vienna (as Karl Marx in Vienna wanted to fuel the revolution with lectures ) caused a scandal because of the verses alluding to the Frankfurt National Assembly : "Many a voter for Frankfurt 'no, who knows nothing but d' Frankfurterwürsteln from Frankfurt." The audience demanded Nestroy in chants to make atonement publicly for the missed piece. Nestroy gave in and sent a colleague to the ramp who had to apologize to the indignant crowd.
1849 Macbeth of Shakespeare led during a performance in New York City to the Astor Place Riot because American viewers against the British actor Macready protested. Partisans of the competitor booed and whistled Macready, threw garbage on the stage and demolished the seating. To cope with the uproar, the city government convened the National Guard. After stones were thrown at the theater, some protesters tried to set the building on fire, and the audience fled the theater, the National Guard fired at the crowd. At least 25 dead and over 120 injured were counted.
1850 Twelve girls in uniform by Johann Nepomuk Nestroy resulted in the New Year performance a scandal that echoed yet throughout January in the newspapers. As a result, the journalist and main opponent of Nestroy, Johann Gottlieb Saphir, even sought police protection against Nestroy’s attacks, as he turned to the audience during the performance in which there was hissing and extemporated : "Sure, Mr. Saphir is there!"
1869 League of Youth of Henrik Ibsen provoked a scandal at its premiere at the Christiana Theater in Christiana. When Ibsen met the news that his play had aroused such a rejection in the audience, he exclaimed bitterly scornfully out of the glory of the Orient: "My country is the old one!"
1889 Before sunrise by Gerhart Hauptmann was a scandal at the world premiere on October 20 at the Lessing Theater in Berlin, as the naturalistic play brought suicide and social misery to the stage unadorned. The eyewitness Adelbert von Hahnstein wrote: "The noise grew from act to act [...] finally one laughed and cheered, sneered and trampled on in the middle of the performance and when the climax of the piece approached, the raging rose to its peak". The Berlin doctor Isidor Kastan swung obstetrical forceps over his head during the fifth act (where, following the text, "clearly the whimpering of the woman who had recently given birth" should be heard) and loudly offered his services as a doctor. It didn't bother him that this part of the performance had been cut out to prevent riots. As a result of Kastan's disturbance, the noise in the hall increased to such an extent that the actors found it difficult to finish the play. This “dramatic theater battle” was followed by a no less heated argument among the reviewers of the drama. The scandal not only helped Hauptmann achieve a breakthrough, naturalism as a movement also achieved broad publicity for the first time. The German stage was revolutionized in one fell swoop. The naturalism of the late 19th century produced numerous theater scandals.
1898 The Conqueror by Max Halbe was premiered on October 29th at the Lessing Theater in Berlin and caused a theater scandal. During the final applause, the author and his wife were insulted because Halbes had an affair with a young actress and the audience disapproved of this “self-styling of adultery” in Renaissance costumes . “Because the Berlin theater audience hardly has the worst manners that an audience can have, they laughed at, mocked and ridiculed the 'conqueror'.” The behavior of the audience in the evening was preceded by a journalistic rally. The Kleine Journal published an article on the morning of the performance day, in which mood was raised against the management of the theater.
1898 Erdgeist by Frank Wedekind , the story of the rise and fall of a child woman and sex goddess, whom Wedekind called "a monster tragedy", provoked a theatrical scandal at the premiere in Leipzig's Krystallpalast on February 12, and resulted in a lengthy court process. The main reasons for this were the denunciation of the bourgeoisie and pseudo-morality, as well as the sexually offensive content. Wedekind's drama Die Büchse der Pandora (the sequel to the tragedy Erdgeist ) was also a theatrical scandal when it premiered in 1904. Both pieces were later combined by Wedekind as a stage version in one piece called Lulu .
20th century
play
1901 to 1945
1903 Katharina Schratt , actress at the Vienna Hofburgtheater , caused the biggest theater scandal in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy when she - as the friend of Emperor Franz Josef I - played the title role in Franz von Schönthan's comedy “Maria Theresia” at the German Volkstheater in Vienna. In his magazine Die Fackel, the journalist Karl Kraus denounced the fact that Schratt was seen as the Empress as the “peak of tastelessness”. Kraus spoke of "shabbiness of disposition, dizziness and the most disgusting indecency in order to help fill the empty coffers of a business theater in front of an audience horny for gossip." to wear, the actress would now have left the boundaries of good taste. Even the emperor couldn't believe it: “I read in the newspaper that you will play Maria Theresa. Is that true? ”After the scandal, Katharina Schratt never took a stage again.
1904 The Pandora's Box by Frank Wedekind (the continuation of his tragedy Erdgeist , see above) was a theatrical scandal when it premiered in the Intimate Theater in Nuremberg, despite the comparatively liberal censorship in Nuremberg at the time. An intervention by the police prevented a second performance planned for the following day. The Munich public prosecutor's office brought charges against Wedekind and his publisher Bruno Cassirer for distributing indecent writings, and the book was confiscated. Wedekind's funeral in 1918 was still a scandal, as prostitutes paid their respects to the poet at the funeral at the Munich forest cemetery .
1905 Summer guests of Maxim Gorki caused a scandal at the premiere in 1905, because the audience recognized themselves in the talkative philistines on the stage. In his play, Gorky wanted above all to criticize the bourgeoisie, which in his eyes was primarily concerned with itself. The charged mood in the run-up to the Russian revolutions (1905 and 1917) led to interruptions in which, among other things, the overthrow of the government was demanded. “The performance of the 'Summer Guests' was a scandal and I am satisfied. The piece is not special, but I hit where I was aiming, ”Maxim Gorky is quoted as saying.
1907 The Playboy of the Western World ( The Playboy of the Western World ) by John Millington Synge led at the premiere on 26 January at the Abbey Theater in Dublin tumultuous riots. Witnesses report pounding, booing spectators, drunken Trinity students who shouted " God Save the Queen ", and nationalists on the other side shouted " God save Ireland " and "A Nation once again". The fighting took place first in the theater, later on the surrounding streets and had to be stopped by the police. Irish nationalists felt that the play was not political enough and that its immoral language violated the dignity of Ireland, especially of Irish women. The supposedly clichéd portrayal of the rural Catholic-Irish lower-class milieu was seen as a mockery by Irish nationalists such as Sinn Féin leader Arthur Griffith . The theater's patron, William Butler Yeats , was then prompted to deliver a speech in defense of the freedom of the theater. Although press opinion soon turned against the critics and protests (known as the Playboy Riots ) ebbed, the Abbey Theater was shaken and Synge's next (and final) play, The Tinker's Wedding (1908), was not performed for fear of further disturbances.
1907 Rêve d'Égypte . When the French writer Colette and her aristocratic lesbian lover de Morny (called "Missy"), the very unconventionally dressed daughter of a half-brother of Napoleon III. kissed during the pantomime Rêve d'Égypte on January 3rd at the Moulin Rouge , there was a scandal. Colette was enthroned on stage as an Egyptian mummy in the "Mimodrama", wearing a brassiere set with precious stones. The Egyptologist "Yssim" (an evident anagram of Missy) in a suit approached, played by the transsexual "Missy", Colette's lover. "Nothing upsets the two women, neither the whistles nor the shouts of" Down with the lesbians ". They continue to play stoically on January 3, 1907. The audience is already throwing orange peel and garlic cloves, coins, candy boxes and cushions. The turmoil reaches its climax when the archaeologist brings his mummy to life and gives it a long, real French kiss. A stool flies onto the stage, the police have to tame the mobbing hordes. " "I'm a little disappointed with the cowardice of all these people," Colette said to a journalist after the premiere and promised: "I'll play again." In the wake of the scandal, however, further performances of the play were banned and Colette and Missy were able to have their relationship still existed for five years, just continue undercover.
1909 Hargudl am Bach by Hans Müller-Einigen . At the premiere a theatrical scandal occurred in the Vienna Burgtheater as it had never happened in the long tradition of the house. The reporters perceived the events as a revolution. The author Hans Müller (later a figure of mockery by Karl Kraus ) made fun of the fashionable demeanor of the upscale Boheme in his play. In the course of the evening the audience became more and more restless, one could hear interjections like “Something like that doesn't belong in the Burgtheater!” And after the second act there was a loud hissing, an unheard-of event in the Hofburgtheater. The performance was a failure with a whistle concert and Pfuiorkan, the loudest that the venerable house had experienced until then, with an "unprecedented scandal" (Nagl-Zeidler-Castle) The performance marked the end of the Burgtheater director Paul Schlenther .
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1909 Murderer, Hope of the Women by Oskar Kokoschka caused a scandal at the premiere on the open-air stage of the international art show on June 4th in Vienna. The audience reacted to the play with yelling, trampling, scuffling and knocking around with their chairs. When the situation threatened to degenerate, the police had to intervene. Kokoschka received a warning for public disturbance of the peace and was insulted as a "spoiler for young people". The Minister of Education ordered the 23-year-old artist to be dismissed from the arts and crafts school . Kokoschka's one-act play is described as the first expressionist play, the theme is the contrast between the sexes.
1911 The Playboy of the Western World ( The Playboy of the Western World ) by John Millington Synge (s. O.) Also resulted in a performance in New York unrest. Spectators booed, hissed, and threw vegetables and stink bombs, while fights broke out in the rows of seats. The theater company was later arrested in Philadelphia and charged with performing an immoral play, but the criminal case was later dropped.
1913 Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw caused a scandal when it was first performed in London on April 11, 1914 and led to public criticism, as the piece used swearwords excessively for the circumstances at the time. The main character Eliza Doolittle once used the then vulgar word bloody ("damn"): When someone asks her if she would walk home, she replies: "Damn unlikely!" ("Walk? Not bloody likely!").
1918 Naval battle by Reinhard Goering . The first performance on February 10, 1918 at the Hoftheater in Dresden under Nikolaus Graf von Seebach with Walter Bruno Iltz was carried out as a closed performance on the advice of the military general command, but it still caused a scandal because “the firing of the giant artillery, the impacts, and the gunpowder smoke had an effect so realistically, the outbreak of madness, the gruesome death of the crew were portrayed so shockingly that during the performance one woman fell into screaming fits and others passed out ”. In the same year the play, directed by Max Reinhardt at the Deutsches Theater in Berlin with Emil Jannings , Werner Krauss , Conrad Veidt and Paul Wegener, became a celebrated success. The fateful drama was the first play that dealt with the war in wartime and was awarded the Kleist Prize.
1918 Leonce and Lena by Georg Büchner led to a politically motivated scandal at the performance at the Hof- und Nationaltheater Mannheim on June 2 in a production by Richard Weichert with Fritz Odemar as Leonce, which was caused by an offended national sense of honor because of the political-satirical tendencies of the Was triggered. There were protests against the satire on absolutism and small states and there were clerical protests from the pulpit.
1920 The witchcraft of the butterfly of Federico Garcia Lorca ended at its first performance by the Teatro del Arte as a scandal.
1921 Reigen by Arthur Schnitzler led to the biggest theater scandal of the early 20th century. In ten erotic dialogues, the play depicts the “relentless mechanics of cohabitation” and paints a picture of morality in fin de siècle society . A few hours before the Berlin premiere on December 23, 1920, the performance was forbidden by the Prussian Ministry of Culture and the directors were threatened with six weeks imprisonment, but the premiere took place anyway. On February 22, 1921, riots broke out after a high-ranking officer in the Berlin police had initiated systematic agitation against the performances. On February 22nd there was organized tumult in the performance and a hooting hall battle. Dedicated ethnic observers, most of them adolescent, threw stink bombs. Theater directors and actors were subsequently brought to court for “indecent acts” in the so-called Reigen trial, after which Schnitzler imposed a performance ban on the play, which was in force until January 1, 1982. At the performance in Vienna on February 7, 1921, demonstrators stormed the performance and shouted “Down with the dance!” And “They desecrate our women!” The performance had to be broken off. On February 16, spectators threw stink bombs and 600 demonstrators stormed the house, smashed the panes of glass, broke into the parquet and into the boxes, from where they threw chairs and tar eggs at the spectators. The stage workers put an end to the tumult by using the fire hoses.
1922 Parricide by Arnolt Bronnen , after the premiere at the Schauspielhaus Frankfurt, was considered the biggest theater scandal since Gerhart Hauptmann's Before Sunrise (1889). The play was full of violence, humiliation and incest, the audience reacted indignantly, and the police had to intervene at another performance in Berlin at the “Junge Bühne” ( Young Stage) of the German Theater (director: Berthold Viertel ).
“At first someone just shouts a 'ugh' into the silence. Then angry clapping sets in, and the young people in the hall begin to beat their arms wildly. A whistle rings from a key, and a child's trumpet answers him, accompanied by artistic howls on cupped fists. While beating in rhythm, a name is yelled out, probably that of the writer, while shouts of 'meanness', 'cheek', 'presumption' are heard.
Half an hour later, after the crowd still did not leave the hall, the police were called and they cleared the theater. At the same time, the play quickly became one of the great theatrical successes of the Weimar Republic . With his work, Bronnen had expressed the attitude to life of an entire generation that suffered from authoritarian social and family structures in the Wilhelmine era.
1923 Eunuchs by Carl Zuckmayer at the Kieler Theater am Kleiner Kiel. The performance on April 17th took place as a closed performance in front of invited guests from the Kiel Society, the University, the Navy and the press. They saw a provocative conclusion to the play: a young actress appeared naked on the stage, her breasts painted orange and a sun with blue rays around her navel. She strode across the stage to the roar of the audience. When asked where she was from, she answered with a lisp: "From Lesbos". "The invited guests left the house in ominous silence" (Zuckmayer). The theater commission met the following day. She canceled the play and dismissed the artistic director. In May 1923, Zuckmayer was also fired.
1925 excesses of Arnolt Bronnen was, as has been the parricide in 1922, at the premiere of the "Young Stage" at the Berlin Lessing Theater with Curt Bois , Leonhard Steckel and the young Veit Harlan scandalous. The play was sexually charged, excessive, the scandal was inevitable, with the audience indignant about the panties being pulled out and the protagonist Gerda Müller's desire for sodomy with a billy goat. While Bronnens supporter Herbert Ihering stated a "huge success" and "huge noise", Alfred Kerr only saw the "usual mess". The scandal culminated in the public slap in the face of the artistic director Moriz Seeler for the communist dramaturge Oskar Kanehl, who disturbed the performance with a whistle from the start. Celebrities such as Egon Erwin Kisch and Ernst Rowohlt had gathered in the audience . The end was drowned in the commotion, whistles shrilled, the perplexed actors, called thirty times in front of the curtain, were cheered and shouted down at the same time. The police reluctantly tried to restore calm. The performance had weeks of journalistic aftermath, which was reflected in 103 newspaper articles.
1925 Catalaunian battle by Arnolt Bronnen became a scandal at the Princely Reussian Theater in Gera , as the sexualized war drama supposedly approached "the honor of the German officer and soldier at the front". Intendant Walter Bruno Iltz and his wife Helena Forti were even threatened with shooting in an anonymous letter.
1926 The Plow and the Stars by Sean O'Casey in Dublin's Abbey Theater was one of the biggest theater scandals in Ireland . The premiere had to be canceled because of rampaging spectators.
1927 The comedy "Sex" by Mae West caused a real scandal on New York's Broadway . Mae West cast himself the role of prostitute and was charged in April for "corrupting the morale of the youth". The play had already been a hit for a year when the moral police suddenly sensed "obscene, lewd content", stormed the theater and arrested Mae West and her colleagues. Mae West was sent to prison for "obscene, lewd content". Arms full of roses, she began her prison sentence in the spring of 1927. She spent eight days on Penalty Island in New York, where she was even allowed to keep her silk underwear on. "When you think about what 'sex' got me, a few days in jail and a $ 500 fine isn't a bad deal," she said afterwards.
1928 The criminals of Ferdinand Bruckner , a drama, which is about the discrimination of homosexuals and to their blackmail as a result of § 175 passes and the former arrangements for abortions , the evidence process control and the death penalty criticized sparked the end of November at the Hamburg Schauspielhaus in Directed by Arnold Marlé from the biggest Hamburg theater scandal of this time. Organized National Socialists took action against the audience and the stage “in order to represent their moral concerns through a theater riot”. The press headlined: “Gas war in the Kirchenallee” (the address of the theater): “At around 9.15, disturbances began, starting from the second rank. Itching powder, sneezing powder and stink bombs were thrown; there was also cheering and whistling. Police had to step in. ”About 300 people had to leave the theater. Only after three quarters of an hour could the game continue. After the performance, the audience on the street was harassed further. A leaflet by the Fichte Society for the Defense of Demonstrators, written by Wilhelm Stapel , claimed that the theater had “violated the morals of the theater”: “What protests in these young people is that is the healthy will to live of our people, who cannot recognize a lazy class and their morbid amusements as the 'German culture' worthy of freedom of the spirit. ”The police made numerous arrests of the troublemakers, including the NSDAP members of parliament Ernst Hüttmann and Brinckmann. On December 7th there were again demonstrations against the play in front of the theater. The performance became the subject of a meeting of the Hamburg citizenship . After just a few performances, the drama disappeared from the program. The premiere at the Deutsches Theater in Berlin under Heinz Hilpert had been a huge success, in Munich a performance ban was issued.
1929 U-Boot S4 by Günther Weisenborn triggered a theater scandal when it premiered as an anti-war play. Weisenborn's second play SOS or The Workers of New Jersey also triggered a theater scandal in 1931 (see below).
1929 The Baden didactic play on the consent of Bertolt Brecht and Paul Hindemith caused a scandal at its premiere in Baden-Baden due to the depiction of death and violence. The audience was initially shocked by Valeska Gert's drastic performance of the dance of death, shown as a film . But the real scandal was triggered by a brutal clown scene with Theo Lingen in the lead role. Two clowns dismantled a third clown under the pretext of helping. Sore limbs were simply severed using large amounts of theater blood. In the end, the victim was completely dismantled and lay on the floor covered in blood.
“I also had to inject the blood with a bellows that contained blood: that was really too much for the audience. And when they saw my head off because I complained of a headache, a scandal broke out that I have never seen again in the theater. Anything that wasn't nailed down flew onto the stage. My teammates fled the scene. "
Not only the audience was shocked, those responsible for Baden-Baden ended their support for the music festival after the performance.
1929 Pioneers in Ingolstadt by Marieluise Fleißer caused one of the legendary theater scandals of the Weimar Republic at the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm in Berlin, directed by Jacob Geis and Bertolt Brecht . The subject was what Fleißer called her subject par excellence: "something between men and women". Brecht had intensified the play scenically, among other things the defloration of the maid took place in a rhythmically wobbling powder house on the open stage. Fleißer was attacked by militarists and the right-wing press and referred to as "a worse Josephine Baker of the white race - in the thickest sexual primeval and monkey forest" and ostracized in her hometown of Ingolstadt as a polluter . Fleißer fell out with Brecht, because he had left her alone with the consequences of the scandal "like a broom cupboard" ( Carl-Ludwig Reichert ).
1931 SOS or Die Arbeiter von New Jersey , Günther Weisenborn's second play about the radiation of workers, triggered a theater scandal at the Landestheater Coburg in 1931 .
1933 Why laughs Mrs. Balsam , a comedy written by Günther Weisenborn together with Richard Huelsenbeck , led to riots at the Deutsches Künstlertheater in Berlin in March and was deposed after a massive SA scandal and banned the same night, as did Weisenborn's others Plays and novels.
In the cultural landscape of the “ Third Reich ”, which was characterized by “ conformity ” and massive repression , there were no theater scandals in the narrower sense. It is noteworthy, however, that in performances of Don Carlos by Friedrich Schiller at the point where Marquis Posa demands freedom of thought, there were often ostentatious demonstrations of applause from the audience. From June 3, 1941, a performance ban for Schiller's Wilhelm Tell, imposed by Adolf Hitler , also applied . The Nazis had tried to monopolize this drama politically, but the open against the Nazis directed and emigrants as Wolfgang Langhoff occupied directed by Oskar Wälterlin 1939 in Zurich Schauspielhaus had politicized it more successful. Here, too, the ostentatious applause in the scenes, which could be interpreted as an invitation to resist tyranny, showed the latent opposition to the regime - which was probably viewed as a threat and a “scandal”.
1945 to 2000
1945 Have of Julius Hay was at the premiere at the Vienna People's Theater on August 24, the first major theatrical scandal of hystericized postwar period , it even came to a brawl in the stalls when the midwife Képes (played by Dorothea Neff ) during a scene with a statue of the Madonna poison Hidden and pupils of the Catholic Piarist high school and members of the former Hitler Youth broke riot from the fence. Members of the theater and City Councilor for Culture Viktor Matejka managed to calm the situation down.
1947 It is written by Friedrich Dürrenmatt , Dürrenmatt 's first play, a grotesque comedy about the Münster reign of terror from 1534–1536 , which Dürrenmatt portrayed in an ironically skeptical sheet of pictures, caused a theatrical scandal at the premiere at the Zurich Schauspielhaus Audience interrupted, a heated debate arose in the press about the play, it was perceived as "lewd and nihilistic". The premiere led to such a scandal that for several years no one in Zurich dared to try a new work by the scene berserk, the next world premieres took place in Basel. The piece was later reworked in Die Anababapters (1966).
1948 Tales from the Vienna Woods by Ödön von Horváth turned into one of the biggest theater scandals of the post-war period when it was first performed in Austria on December 1st at the Vienna Volkstheater . The public and the press were outraged by Horváth's Vivisection of the Viennese Soul - called by Erich Kästner “a Viennese folk piece against the Viennese folk piece”. During the second performance, there was even a tumult in the last picture, “in the Wachau”, when Dorothea Neff, as grandmother, announced the death of little Leopold through her fault. Karl Skraup had to calm the interferers with extemporaneous sentences. When it premiered in 1931, the radical right-wing press called the play “unprecedented insolence”, “mess”, “first-rate filth” ( Völkischer Beobachter ) and “a dramatic denigration of old Austria-Hungary”. In the National Socialist Monday newspaper “The Attack” by Joseph Goebbels it was said that the “golden Viennese heart drowned helplessly and helplessly in the Horváthsche manure”.
1949 Youth at the Bar by Helmuth Qualtinger , which is dedicated to the impoverishment of Austrian post-war youth, caused a scandal at its premiere in Graz. A large part of the audience protested with loud shouts, especially in the scenes that expressed the symptoms of deterioration in this category of juvenile offenders. In the first third of the performance, the rallies took on such forms that a larger police force had to be requested to protect the actors. The peak of the demonstrations was reached when in one scene the actors playing the role of the public prosecutor as atonement demanded the death penalty and the audience shouted: “Yes for the author!” The play was taken off the program the next morning.
1951 Bacchus by Jean Cocteau causes a scandal when it premieres on October 10 at the Marigny Theater in Paris. François Mauriac accused Cocteau of blasphemy and the author accused his critic of ignorance.
1956 Käthe Dorsch , actress at the Vienna Burgtheater , slapped the critic Hans Weigel on April 13 opposite the Vienna Volkstheater in front of the Cafe Raimund and insulted him as "bastard" and "bastard" because Weigel in a review of the Burgtheater performance by Christopher Fry's “Darkness is light enough” Dorsch had criticized as follows: “Everything that should have been experienced remained a hint - as stars are often on rehearsals or at the 300th performance.” The trial came about in the course of which the witness invited actor Raoul Aslan demanded "the death penalty" for Weigel. Dorsch was sentenced to a fine.
1956 The story of Vasco by Georges Schehadé leads to a scandal when it is premiered in France on October 1st at the Théatre Sarah Bernhardt in Paris.
1956 Poor Bits or The Diner of the Heads by Jean Anouilh becomes a scandal when it premieres on October 10th at the Thèatre Montparnasse in Paris. 600 performances of this production followed.
1957 The balcony (The Balcony) by Jean Genet made at its premiere at the Art's Club Theater in London on April 22, directed by Peter Zadek because of permissive treatment deviate sexual practices caused a scandal and was banned temporarily in France. The piece takes place in a luxury brothel in which customers can fulfill their wish for a different identity. While brothel goers seek the illusion of power and prestige, the revolution is raging outside. It fails to the cheers of the people, whose awe of power is too great. In the end, it remains to be seen whether the revolution was not also a game of illusion.
1957 The victim of Eugène Ionesco's duty was a scandal at the German-language premiere of the Darmstadt State Theater in the Orangery House. Towards the end of the performance, the audience protested against the continuation of the game with heckling, whistles and house keys. Towards the end of this one-act play, a poet drills a police officer in the chest and a woman standing by shouts "stop". This request was received by part of the audience, there were whistles and angry shouts against the director and Darmstadt artistic director Gustav Rudolf Sellner . Sellner stepped on the stage and asked the dissatisfied to leave the house. About a third of the audience left the hall, the performance ended unchallenged, while some of the dissatisfied people quietly returned to the stalls through the hall doors.
1961 The hostage by Brendan Behan provoked at Ulmer Theater in staging the German premiere of Peter Zadek scandal and sensation through a mix of naughty brothel and civil war, swaying and dying, naked women and drunken guerrillas. Gun smoke that drew into the audience irritated the audience. Zadek set "the biggest and most momentous theater scandal of post-war theater in motion in a gymnasium in Ulm at the 'Geisel' ': an audience couldn't get out of the coughing and booing." The Ulm municipal council debated the cancellation of the play, which the press felt the controversy because of the apparently incongruent style elements and the political statement as a revitalization of the German stage landscape and chose the production for "performance of the year".
1962 Until the last drop of anger from Lutz Backes sparked a theater scandal because of the nude appearance of an actress, but had huge performance numbers,
1963 Deputy of Rolf Hochhuth whirled enormous dust and sparked polemics about the behavior of the Pope at the Berlin premiere of Pius XII. against Hitler-Germany and the charge of having remained silent in the face of the Holocaust. This particularly outraged Catholic circles. After the world premiere in Berlin, Basel was the first theater at which Hochhuth's play was performed, and there, too, triggered a huge wave of protests. Demonstrators marched in front of the Basel theater, threatening letters and heated debates about the play ensued. During the performances at the Vienna Volkstheater in 1964 there were tumultuous scenes, even fights on the floor. Director and director Leon Epp appeared on stage with the curtain open and defended the choice of the play with the words: "Everyone who is attending this performance should ask himself whether he was not somehow complicit in the things described here!"
1965 Saved by British playwright Edward Bond caused a scandal that made theater history when it premiered on November 3rd at the Royal Court Theater in London. Because of its center, the sixth scene. In it, the diaper of a baby lying in a pram is dragged away and the feces smeared on his face. First they tug at him. Then they throw heavy stones at the child. Until it's dead. The stone throwers form a youth gang. They seem allowed what they like. Including Fred, the baby's father, who no longer wants to hear from Pam, the teenage child's mother. When asked what he felt when he stoned his child, he replied dryly: “I forgot.” “Saved” was performed as a private club performance by a hastily founded English Stage Society - for members only. But then the fists flew that evening. A police officer made a complaint. Theater viewers got together to protest against what newspapers wrote, "obscene filth". It came to trial, the right to such censorship-free club performances was challenged, and it was this development that ultimately led to the abolition of censorship. Stage star Laurence Olivier , then artistic director of the new National Theater, came to Bond's aid with an expert opinion: "Saved is not a play for children, but for adults and the adults of the country should have the courage to watch it". A theater classic was born The piece worked far beyond the limits of English theater.
1966 1. Happening in Rhineland-Palatinate by Hans Neuenfels at the Trier City Theater. Around 700 Trier market passers-by were questioned by handout by the 25-year-old dramaturge Neuenfels: “Why don't you desecrate little girls?” Or: “Do you chew your fingernails?” And “Help tear down the Trier Cathedral!” The day after Neuenfels was fired from his position as a dramaturge and the "happening" was removed from the program. Theater boss Dr. Rudolf Meyer had "known nothing about the leaflet" and also did not know what was in store for the audience: the appearance of a dancer who steps into four bathtubs one after the other in a bikini - one empty, one with lukewarm water, the next filled with champagne last a live trout. Dramaturg Neuenfels wanted to contribute the biggest number himself after the performance on the theater forecourt: "Disguised as Mussolini, I would have given a fascist speech in an open car." Already a year ago, Neuenfels had aroused the displeasure of the citizens of Trier when he answered handouts for the next program booklet announced “Uncovering Revelations from the World of Theater” and buyers learned about each actor whether he owned a car or not. The dismissed dramaturge explained: “I just wanted to fight the lethargy of the people here. The Trier philistines have thoroughly misunderstood me. "
1966 The walls by Jean Genet in the production of Roger Blin in the Paris Odeon Theater leads to scandal and demonstrations by right-wing groups.
1968 Saved by Edward Bond , Peter Zadek staged at the Freie Volksbühne Berlin . In it, rowdies throw stones into a stroller and kill the baby lying in it. Zadek writes in his biography that the scene "triggers the viewer's imagination, but costs him nothing". He came to a head, had the boys brutally destroy a doll. During this scene, spectators stormed the stage. "Because of the directness with the visible doll, no one had the opportunity for a cozy voyeurism", writes Zadek. The protesting students had above all criticized "the fact that the performance did not sufficiently highlight the social causes of the violence".
1968 Vietnam Discourse of Peter Weiss made in a production by Peter Stein in the workroom of the Munich Kammerspiele on June 28 for a scandal, as Wolfgang Neuss at the end of the presentation to a collection for the Vietcong called and went with hat through the crowd. The reactions were divided, some donated, others shouted “scandal”. The administrative management of the Kammerspiele refused to allow the collection and invoked the house rules. On July 9th, Neuss was not allowed to collect for the Viet Cong. Finally, on July 19, two hundred demonstrators called for the immediate resumption of the removed play during a go-in. Stein's resolution to collect money in agreement with the ensemble led to a dispute with the artistic director August Everding and to Stein's early release.
1969 “Zicke-Zacke” by Peter Terson at the theater in Heidelberg , staged by Hans Neuenfels, stimulated the CDU and Apo to protest against “unconscious pop theater”. Neuenfels and Hans Georg Koch (musical direction) looked for German equivalents for an uninhibited passion for football and found them in German songs. While the melody of " O head full of blood and wounds " was playing, the audience heard a text that only paid homage to the king of football. Then you shouted "Fie", the first spectators left. After the break, a clergyman celebrated his football metaphor that led to God as a Catholic mass. When the national anthem finally rang out to carry the text “Football, Football Above Everything”, the scandal was perfect. In the footballer revue with Ulrich Wildgruber , Gottfried John and fifty Heidelberg students, "in fact the moral, civic and religious feelings of theatergoers were injured" (Wanda von Baeyer-Katte), seven city councilors of the CDU appealed to the premiere Parents of the Heidelberg youth, local reviewers ( Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung : "With this type of performance, the municipal stage threw in more discs than all the students put together"), subscription cancellations and CDU activity (four inquiries in the local council) forced the director to do one A quick phone call to the parents of the students, whose participation in the performance, however, remained intact.
1969 Clavigo von Goethe became a theatrical scandal in Fritz Kortner's production at the Hamburger Schauspielhaus . Thomas Holtzmann in the role of Clavigo yawned as he spoke, because Kortner had put the big argument between Clavigo and Beaumarchais into the night and the completely overtired man could hardly speak because of tiredness. Kortner interrupted the scene with a night in which Clavigo was seen sleeping at the table. Kortner's “youthful inquisitive dealings with Goethe” provoked heckling, scornful laughter and boos, as Kortner showed at the end of the piece that dying cannot be classically beautiful, but something absurdly comical, that death doesn't even leave the murdered with that, what coming from the theater transfigured as “dignity”. Shortly afterwards, the performance at the Berlin Theatertreffen became a triumphant audience success.
1969 mourning too early ( Early Mourning ) by Edward Bond staged by Peter Stein at the Schauspielhaus in Zurich as a German-language premiere. The audience protested against the mixture of bestiality and middle-class behavior, slapstick and grief and let the premiere drown in outraged heckling and an angry boo concert. The performance went down in an unbelievable theatrical scandal. Excited ladies called for those responsible, doors were slammed, even actors who had turned gray in Zurich honors distanced themselves from Stein by gestures during the final applause and booing concert. With this theatrical scandal, the Zurich-based company drove out a director and his theater troupe ( Edith Clever , Jutta Lampe , Bruno Ganz , Heinrich Giskes , Günter Lampe and Dieter Laser ), which later achieved world renown as the Schaubühne on Hallescher Ufer in Berlin.
1970 The star turns red by Sean O'Casey . At the Wuppertaler Schauspielhaus , indignant premiere visitors left the theater noisily. CDU Mayor Heinz Frowein protested against the "clear statement in favor of communism" and demanded the immediate cancellation of the drama. In O'Casey's “Poem for Communism”, director Hans Neuenfels had a poor priest whimpering across the tin-lined stage and a violent “purple priest” humbly kissing a stick of wood. Contrary to the original, he even brought a dead communist back to life. For some critics and many Wuppertalers that was far too strong. If they had previously celebrated Friedrich Engels , even in the presence of the Federal Chancellor, on the 150th birthday of what Neuenfels was offering, it appeared to them as a call to subversion and violence. Wuppertal's chief dramaturge Horst Laube: “The intoxication of the bourgeois angel party is over. Now comes the hangover. "
1970 wedding of Elias Canetti . On the occasion of the premiere of Bernd Fischerauer's production of “Hochzeit” by the later Nobel Prize winner Canetti at the Vienna Volkstheater , protests and threats from right-wing circles broke out in autumn 1970. The theater had to be surrounded by the police and protected against disruptive actions.
1971 Persistent and homework by Franz Xaver Kroetz initiated in Werkraumtheater the Munich Kammerspiele a new career as Bavarian author in spite of all the turmoil triumphant premiere with a scandal. At that time almost unimaginable things could be seen on a stage: an attempted abortion with a knitting needle. The slow murder of a child. A man's lonely act of love on his own body. But what was actually scandalous was the incomprehensible, fearless love with which Kroetz looked right into the most gruesome life. Right-wing screamers in front of the theater, stink bombs in the theater; at the end of the performance the audience had to be taken to safety by secret routes.
1971 Sprintorgasmik by Wilhelm Pevny caused a scandal at the world premiere on January 27th, which took place as a double premiere together with Peter Turrinis Rozznjogd at the Vienna Volkstheater under the direction of Gustav Manker . Avant-garde physical theater as an experimental orgasm scale and the unusual rhythm on a stage made of climbing poles and metal barrels, accompanied by "grueling light and sound effects" directed by Götz Fritsch overwhelmed the audience, which - led by ORF television director Walter Davy - in droves Left the theater or climbed across the rows of seats to slap each other.
1971 Martin Luther and Thomas Münzer by Dieter Forte caused a scandal in the production by Vaclav Hudecek at the Vienna Volkstheater in the winter of 1971 : at the premiere there was a huge riot when the money dealer Jakob Fugger suddenly joined his guests while praying to capital Arrangement of Leonardo's Last Supper sat there. Princes and priests sang the Luther chorale " A solid castle " and Fugger said a prayer to the glory of Mammons: "O capital, you beginning and end of all things."
1976 Othello by Shakespeare saw in Peter Zadek's staging at Hamburg Schauspielhaus (director: Ivan Nagel ) for one of the biggest theater scandals of the postwar period. The auditorium was dominated by loud impatience, furious interjections and aggressive scandalous reactions when Eva Mattes escaped screaming as Desdemona from the raging Othello Ulrich Wildgruber in the title role with shoe polish all over her body, was caught wriggling, her body struggled convulsively while choking, Othello, when he was caught, wandered across the stage in panic with the corpse in his arms, then tried to hide it madly by hanging it over a screen. The audience gave him to understand that you don't live, love and die “like this” in a classical play; “So” is not spoken in Othello, the most sublime pattern of love, jealousy and death.
1976 Medea by Euripides was a theater scandal at the Frankfurt theater. Director Hans Neuenfels designed the women's tragedy in which a wife abandoned by her husband murders her children on boards that were built over the first rows of chairs, the curtain stayed closed. He used contemporary accessories such as pederasty and penis , castration and swear words (Medea: “I poor pig”) and the premiere audience reacted indignantly, some left prematurely, others booed, others clapped. The CDU wanted to discontinue the play immediately, the criticism panned the production without exception, Peter Iden wrote in the Frankfurter Rundschau : "The performance is pointless, disgusting, actually disgusting." the play was almost always sold out, queues formed at the box office, Neuenfels managed to make the theater the focal point of interest and after the performances the audience pushed for discussions evening after evening.
1977 Claus Peymann , director of the Stuttgart theater , donated money to repair the teeth of RAF terrorist Gudrun Ensslin after Ensslin's mother had informed him in a letter about the situation of the prisoners in Stammheim , and posted the Ensslin letter on the bulletin board in the theater, es came together 611 marks. “The cry for help”, as Peymann's colleagues later explained in an open letter, “seemed to be the downside to a pervasive mentality that does not recognize mercy”; Providing help was “nothing more than a humanitarian act” for the donors. According to an article in the Bild newspaper , Peymann was called "sympathizer", "murderer accomplice", "communist pig" in hundreds of protest letters. Anonymous writers threatened that “the windows would rattle” in the theater soon, and that this was “just the beginning”. Some promised bombs and saw the theater "in ruins". The head of the Baden-Wuerttemberg police union, Jan Dietrich Siemann, urged its members "to stop going to the theater in Stuttgart as long as the acting director is called Peymann". The chairman of the CDU parliamentary group in the Stuttgart state parliament, Lothar Späth , demanded that the artist be dismissed without notice. With his commitment to radical left positions, Claus Peymann has sparked controversy and provoked scandals for decades, for example when he offered the ex-RAF terrorist and convicted murderer Christian Klar an internship at the Berliner Ensemble in 2007 .
1981 Burgtheater by Elfriede Jelinek . The play deals with the careers of the actor family and Austrian theater icons Paula Wessely , Attila and Paul Hörbiger in the Third Reich and Wessely's participation in the Nazi propaganda film Homecoming as well as their intention to kill their daughters Elisabeth Orth , Christiane and Maresa Hörbiger . Jelinek wanted to see the play “In the Eye of the Taifun” performed at the Vienna Burgtheater , but the plan became public and the Kronen Zeitung scandalized the project: “This will be the biggest theater scandal: Burgtheater wants to play Elfriede Jelinek's 'Burgtheater' with Erika Pluhar ! “The play was finally premiered in 1985 at the Schauspiel Bonn under the direction of Horst Zankl , but where it did not cause a scandal. In Vienna, however, Michael Jeannée wrote in the Kronen Zeitung : “The result and the consequence of this lack of talent: a disgusting piece of work, at the center of which is a perverse, drooling, brutal and excessive family of actors, the Hörbigers.” From then on, Jelinek was a “ polluter " in Austria. In their self-view, the “Burgtheater” scandal marked the “decline” in public opinion. “I could have appeared as an angel floating with a halo in the inner city of Vienna, and people would have screamed: There is the witch!” The piece has not yet been performed in Vienna. "If you perform that in Vienna, it will surely be the biggest theater scandal in the Second Republic!"
1982 Clara S. von Elfriede Jelinek caused mass exodus and the use of whistles in the audience at the premiere at the Schauspiel Bonn , directed by Hans Hollmann . In the play, the pianist Clara Schumann meets Gabriele d'Annunzio in Italy in the 1920s and kills her husband Robert Schumann , who is dawning . The alleged "messes" in the text aroused the educated bourgeois protest in the Schumann city of Bonn.
1982 Stigma of Felix Mitterer , the drama of a maid who stigmatized the suffering Christ experienced firsthand was a scandal. The city of Hall in Tirol , which at that time hosted the Tyrolean folk plays , refused to put the passion of the maid Moid on the program. There was talk of "dirty work" and "mockery of religion", bomb threats were issued and pilgrimages were organized. This led to the folk plays migrating to Telfs , and it was only three years after the premiere that other theater makers dared to work on Mitterer's play.
1985 The rubbish, the city and the death of Rainer Werner Fassbinder sparked controversy about anti-Semitism at the Schauspiel Frankfurt . The official premiere planned for October 31 turned into a theatrical scandal: a demonstration against the performance took place in front of the entrance to the venue and the performance had to be broken off after the audience, many of them members of the Frankfurt Jewish Community, stepped onto the stage after the first sentences of the Cast actors and prevented them from continuing to play. After these events there was only one closed performance for the press on November 4th. In the figure of the Jewish real estate speculator in the play, many believed they could recognize Ignatz Bubis , who was involved as an investor in the disputes over the redevelopment of Frankfurt's West End in the early 1970s . Due to the allegations, the play was not played at any theater in Germany until 2009.
1988 Heldenplatz by Thomas Bernhard excited at the premiere at Vienna's Burgtheater (directed by Claus Peymann ) the largest Austrian theater scandal of the postwar period. At the premiere there were also protests in front of the Burgtheater. a. A load of manure was distributed in front of the building by activist Martin Humer . The premiere itself was accompanied by loud applause and disapproval from the audience. During the first performances there were repeated disturbances, banners against the play were placed in the stands. Further performances took place under police protection. Conservative circles in particular raised their voices against the performance because it allegedly polluted Austria's reputation. The considerable public controversy surrounding the play arose primarily from the fact that unauthorized excerpts from the play were printed in the Neue Kronen Zeitung and the weekly press on October 7th, around four weeks before the premiere . From the printed passages it was not evident that they were dialogues between the protagonists, so that many readers understood the points of view expressed as Bernhard's own opinion. A number of people, including the Mayor of Vienna Helmut Zilk , the former Federal Chancellor Bruno Kreisky and the Vice Chancellor Alois Mock, as well as numerous commentators and letters to the editor, then demanded that the play be removed. Federal Chancellor Franz Vranitzky , Vienna's City Councilor for Culture Ursula Pasterk and Minister of Education Hilde Hawlicek as well as a minority of journalistic commentators all advocated a performance.
1989 Miss Sara Sampson by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing in the production by Frank Castorf at the Prinzregententheater in Munich caused many viewers to write letters of protest such as "We demand a clean state drama" because an actor was masturbating on stage. At the premiere, the audience shouted and cheered, even actors from their own ensemble shouted “Boos” with all their might and in the middle of the performance a spectator collapsed in his seat. The Bavarian Minister of the Interior, Gerold Tandler , called for the production to be discontinued due to obscenity .
1990 The underachiever by Peter Turrini caused to the Municipal Theater Augsburg mass protests. Spectators left the theater in droves because they were annoyed by the "pornographic performance". The focus is on the unemployed steel worker Hans. When his wife Anna also loses her job and the fear of poverty increases, she tries herself as a porn actress. This scene - a back room shoot - with the pants down turned into a scandal. “In the premiere people yelled and slammed the door out. We played with back light, you could only see the silhouette - and I wasn't naked at all. "
1995 Zerbombt (Blasted) by Sarah Kane sparked a theatrical scandal at the world premiere in London at the Royal Court Theater Upstairs on January 12, 1995, which preoccupied the tabloids as much as the feature sections of renowned newspapers. The Daily Mail critic wrote the headline "This disgusting feast of filth". The play became "one of the greatest theater scandals of the last thirty years". The range of judgments ranged from insults as perversity to literary awards. Viewers and critics were repelled by the massively showcased excessive violence, rape (of both sexes), sexual practices from masturbation to penetration . Relentlessly brutal images showed violent people; an unexpectedly poetic language showed her vulnerability and her deepest longings. Sarah Kane hanged herself at the age of 28 on February 20, 1999 in a mental hospital.
1998 Muchl by Otto Muehl led to a scandal at the Vienna Burgtheater , which was mainly carried out in the media. The artistic director Claus Peymann and State Secretary for Art Peter Wittmann ( SPÖ ) were attacked for giving Muehl, a painter of Viennese Actionism , who had been legally convicted of "sexual intercourse with minors , fornication and rape ", the opportunity at a state-subsidized stage to mock the judiciary with impunity in his “justice drama”. Muehl shows himself unreasonable and sees himself as a “ dissident ”, as it were , who has been persecuted by the judiciary as an inconvenient artist. John Gudenus from the FPÖ considered it a scandal to allow Otto Muehl to appear in public and to hide behind the " Freedom of Art " screen . Hans Rauscher from " Der Standard " criticized the fact that Muehl legitimized the reign of terror in a commune he founded at Friedrichshof in Burgenland with art and his artistry. Since most of the members of the Burgtheater ensemble refused to take part in the performance and the works councils for the artistic and technical staff wrote a protest to Director Peymann on January 15, 1998, the director Einar Schleef , the author Peter Turrini and the painter Christian Ludwig Attersee took over , Artistic Director Claus Peymann as well as Muehl himself and his wife the roles of the play.
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2000 foreigners out! Schlingensief's Container , an action by Christoph Schlingensief at the Wiener Festwochen in front of the Vienna State Opera , brought the theater scandal to the (media) public. The concept of the campaign was based on the TV show Big Brother . Asylum seekers acted as candidates who, similar to the “Big Brother” model, were selected from the container through daily public votes - in Schlingensief's installation also from the country. Furthermore, xenophobic election posters of the FPÖ (“Stop the Asylum Abuse”), an FPÖ flag and a banner with the inscription “Foreigners out” were installed on the container. A banner with the SS motto “Our honor means loyalty” was also attached, which led to a lawsuit by the FPÖ.
2000 Vagina Monologues by Eve Ensler , "genital self-talk" from interviews with 200 women about their vagina express, pushed at the Lübeck Theater Combinale and the Munich metropolitan to protest. In both cities, angry citizens complained about supposed filth even before the premiere. When awarding grants, the responsible ministry complained about the "hideous title" of the drama. The piece had already caused a scandal in New York, but then became a cult text and meanwhile many prominent women have appeared in various performances around the world.
ballet
1913 Le sacre du printemps by Igor Stravinsky caused one of the greatest scandals in music history at its premiere. The impresario of the Ballets Russes Sergej Diaghilew had invited the Paris press to the dress rehearsal so that the premiere audience was prepared. Even before the performance began, there was a real carnival atmosphere in the auditorium, everyone was making all kinds of gossip and shouting ironic bravos in anticipation of the monstrous that was to come. In his manifesto Le coq et l'arlequin , Jean Cocteau describes the course of the evening:
“At the premiere of the Sacre, the audience played the role that was intended for them: they revolted from the start. One laughed, sneered, whistled, imitated animal noises, and perhaps one would have grown tired of it in the long run if the crowd of aesthetes and musicians had not insulted, even physically assaulted, the audience in their exaggerated zeal. The tumult turned into a scuffle. Standing in her box with her diadem slipped crookedly, the old Comtesse de Pourtalès swung her fan and screamed with a red face: 'For the first time in sixty years they dare to make fun of me!' The good lady meant it sincerely; she believed in a hoax. "
Claude Debussy coined the phrase “Massacre du Printemps”, and music critic Carl van Vechten wrote that audiences viewed Stravinsky's ballet as a blasphemous attempt to destroy music as art: “The orchestra played without being heard, unless you did happened a little calm. "
1917 Parade by Erik Satie (ballet) At the end of the premiere in Paris in the Théâtre du Châtelet , a tumult broke out, in which the loud rejections drowned out the applause . The writer Ilja Ehrenburg described the premiere:
“The music was modern, the set was half cubist […] The guests on the ground floor ran to the stage and shouted piercingly: 'Curtain!' [...] And when a horse with a cubist snout performed circus acts, they finally lost their patience: 'Death to the Russians! Picasso is a Boche! The Russians are Boches! '"
A critic of La Grimace wrote that the “inharmonious clown Satie” composed his music from typewriters and rattles and that his accomplice, the “bungler Picasso ”, speculated on the “never-ending stupidity of people”. Guillaume Apollinaire succeeds "in making all critics, all regular guests of the Paris premieres, all rags from the flounder and the drunkards from Montparnasse into witnesses to the most extravagant and senseless of all fateful products of Cubism". The irritation of the audience by the artistic work of Cocteau , Satie , Picasso, Massine and the Ballets Russes was less decisive for the protest than the political disputes that took place during the war with Germany, which created a “barrel fire of the chauvinists”. The Cubist parade was viewed as treason. The premiere had legal consequences. A critic sued Satie, and the police arrested Satie during the trial when he repeatedly yelled "Cul!" The sentence was eight days in prison. Cocteau described the reason for the scandal that the "battle" for Parade coincided with the bloody battle for Verdun .
1925 Barabau by Vittorio Rieti , a ballet with choir, led to a scandal at the New Year's Eve premiere at the Princely Reussian Theater in Gera in the choreography by Yvonne Georgi , as dancers satirized the grief in a funeral scene and the audience screamed "Stop!" . Only the presence of the Reussian Prince every evening could prevent open protest at the following performances.
1926 Ballet Mécanique by American composer George Antheil with ten pianos, drums, airplane propellers and electric doorbells became the biggest scandal since the performance of Stravinsky's Sacre du Printemps . Sylvia Beach writes:
“The effect of the Ballet Mécanique on the audience was strange. The music was completely drowned out in the shouting that rose up all over the house. Defense attorneys answered opponents in the stalls from above, Ezra's voice could be heard rising above everyone else, and someone said that he had been seen hanging upside down from the fourth gallery. You also saw people punching each other in the face, you heard the hooting, but not a sound from the Ballet Mécanique, which, according to the movements of the performers, went on all the time. "
The performance on April 10, 1927 in New York's Carnegie Hall became a 'Waterloo' for Antheil, one of the greatest scandals in music history. Mainly responsible for the failure was a public relations campaign, which referred to allegedly scandalous performances in Paris and announced the event as “Biggest Musical Event of the Year!” And Antheil as “Sensational American modernist composer”.
1926 The wonderful mandarin by Béla Bartók (ballet pantomime) caused a theatrical scandal at the premiere in Cologne because of the allegedly immoral act, the descriptions culminated in formulations such as "Kaschemmenstück the lowest kind", "Damnenstück full of the rawest and most brutal instincts", the defamation ranged from excessive Nationalism to open anti-Semitism. Behind this whistle concert, which this time did not come from the gallery , as usual , but from the boxes, a conspiracy that had been prepared well in advance was suspected. The Mayor of Cologne at the time, Konrad Adenauer , had all further performances banned, but the city administration and the theater committee were not impressed by the protests and backed the theater management.
1948 Abraxas by Werner Egk , first performed by Marcel Luitpart with the Bavarian State Ballet in Munich, was a scandal “because of too much freedom of movement”. After just five performances, the Bavarian Minister of Education, Alois Hundhammer , ordered the work to be discontinued.
Opera
1905 Salome by Richard Strauss , a musical drama based on the one-act play by Oscar Wilde , the "most shameless and obscene work of opera literature" ( Marcel Reich-Ranicki ), was an opera scandal , not only in the opinion of Kaiser Wilhelm II . Critics and audiences were angry about the "immoral" subject, which had already led to the fact that Oscar Wilde's play was banned in London in 1892 and only premiered many years after it was written. Nevertheless, it meant the international breakthrough for the composer.
1921 Murderer, Hope of Women and Das Nusch-Nuschi by Paul Hindemith became a scandal on June 4th at the Landestheater Stuttgart in the stage sets by Oskar Schlemmer , but it was much less due to the music than to the libretti by Oskar Kokoschka and Franz Blei . Kokoschka's murderer, Hope of Women caused a scandal as early as 1909 when it was premiered in Vienna.
1927 Jonny plays , an opera by Ernst Krenek enriched with elements of jazz , was successfully premiered on February 10th in the New Theater in Leipzig in a production by Walther Brügmann . It also became a global success. In Austria, however, the first performances of unrest that went back to the early Nazi movement had been disrupted. From 1929 Munich performances were disturbed until the opera finally after the seizure of power in 1933 by the Nazis banned and as degenerate music was branded. The jazz musician on the cover picture on the piano reduction was abused for the advertising poster for the exhibition of the same name.
1930 The rise and fall of the city of Mahagonny by Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill was premiered on March 30th in Leipzig with a theater scandal. This was due to Weill's innovative musical design and (at the time of the great economic crisis) to the clearly emerging criticism of capitalism. The stage was about drinking, loving, fighting and eating. The actors play adventurers, criminals, pimps and prostitutes. The audience whistled, shouted, clapped and roared at one another. When the authors appeared in front of the curtain with the conductor and the director, fist fights broke out in the stalls. Alfred Polgar reports:
“The neighbor on the left had heart cramps and wanted to go out: only the reference to the history of the moment held her back. The old Saxon on the right clutched the knee of his own wife and was excited! A man in the back said to himself: 'I'm just waiting for Brecht to come!' and licked his lips - everything is ready in readiness. Warlike calls, in some places a bit of close combat, hissing, clapping hands [...] enthusiastic bitterness, bitter enthusiasm. "
The conductor Gustav Becher was only able to bring the premiere to an end with difficulty. Not only the bourgeois opera fans protested loudly, but also organized claqueurs from the National Socialist spectrum. The performance developed into one of the biggest theater scandals of the Weimar Republic, the opera was decried as “the most overtly evil communist propaganda” and some cities that wanted to record the play discontinued it after the scandalous first performance.
1951 The conviction of Lukullus by Paul Dessau and Bert Brecht , the story of the deceased general Lukullus , who fell through before the admission tribunal in the realm of the dead, a parable against the war, should be prevented at the premiere at the German State Opera Berlin in the GDR because it was denounced by the Central Committee of the SED as a formalistic and decadent work. The Ministry of National Education took over the distribution of tickets to "good and conscious comrades and friends from whom one could expect a healthy attitude towards this formalistic music", but they sold their free tickets to other opera fans, so that instead of the hoped-for theater scandal it became one of the greatest triumphs of contemporary music theater came.
1953 Abstract Opera No. 1 by Boris Blacher caused the biggest opera scandal in post-war Germany when it premiered at the Nationaltheater Mannheim . Werner Egk wrote the libretto and the idea for the opera . The opera is considered to be the starting point for the experimental music theater of the 1960s.
1956 Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg by Richard Wagner was at the Bayreuth Festival a scandal with 18 curtains at 15 min boos cry because Wagner's grandson Wieland Wagner made his announcement true, he would from the " Gauleiter again a make-opera" Wagner opera and “Remove 80 years of kitsch from the stage”. On the semicircular stage, master goldsmith Veit Pogner was no longer allowed to be a generous patron of the arts, he had to be a self-satisfied man of money. Wieland Wagner had turned the model citizen Hans Sachs into a loving widower , the director brought the Beckmesser , archetype of all critic caricatures, onto the stage as a “mixture of Balduin Bählamm and Erich Kuby ” (according to critic Panofsky).
1962 Tristan und Isolde by Richard Wagner was staged at the Bayreuth Festival as a drama of the "erotic atomic bombs" (director Wieland Wagner ) and provided with dramatic-erotic effects. In the second act, a huge monolith , twelve meters high, illuminated by 70,000 watts, formed the set in front of which Tristan and Isolde's night of love played: “Of course it is a phallus symbol. That's what the whole opera is about, isn't it? ”The director explained. The staging caused tumultuous spectator protests. The “New Bayreuth” style of Wieland Wagner, who cleared out Bayreuth and outclassed it as “Show”, “Musical”, “Revue”, “American”, “Eastern Zone”, “Bolshevik” or “Stravinsky” , was already visible on July 30, 1951, when the traditional illusion of the scenery disappeared in Wieland Wagner's production of Parsifal and the audience sat in front of an empty stage lit by bluish light. In her box, Wieland's mother Winifred Wagner winced and whispered: "And that from a Wagner grandson." The Bayreuth critic Johannes Jacobi judged: "That is self-abandonment."
1968 The raft of the Medusa by Hans Werner Henze ( oratorio ) failed at the Hamburg premiere, because students occupied the stage before the performance and planted banners, a red flag and a portrait of Che Guevara to break off the event or to have a discussion with the premiere audience to force. However, the press had staged the scandal in advance and helped prepare it. The director of the NDR , who wanted to broadcast the concert live, felt compelled to call the police and storm the hall. While Hans Werner Henze expressed his solidarity with the podium occupiers and joined in the " Ho Chi Minh " calls, the librettist Ernst Schnabel was mistakenly arrested by the police. The event finally had to be canceled, the NDR broadcast a recording of the dress rehearsal instead.
1971 State Theater of Mauricio Kagel ( "Scenic composition") produced in the Hamburg premiere at the time of the first artistic director Rolf Liebermann such a theatrical scandal that led up to anonymous bomb threats a 'community of action young friends German opera art ".
1972 Tannhäuser by Richard Wagner in the production by Götz Friedrich at the Bayreuth Festival . The East Berlin director tried to portray Tannhauser's fate in a socially critical way as an “artist's journey through inner and outer worlds”. He staged the young, pre-revolutionary Tannhauser Wagner from 1845, and at the end posted a modern-clad male choir in shirt-sleeves behind Tannhäuser's corpse, which announces the “grace salvation” of the penitent, who acted like a workers' choir calling for the sun and freedom . The audience booed, whistled and whistled violently into the applause, especially when the director showed up with his choir.
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1976 Der Ring des Nibelungen by Richard Wagner sparked the 100th anniversary of the first performance at the Bayreuth Festival (directed by Patrice Chéreau and conducted by Pierre Boulez ) a scandal, especially among Wagnerians, since the action was moved into the era of early industrialization. Fighting broke out, lists of signatures against the staging were displayed and leaflets were distributed. Conservative circles did not want to tolerate the "Ring" being brought onto the stage as a mirror of the 19th century. Well-behaved members of bourgeois society turned into screaming furies, ladies in long dark robes shook their fists like megaires, dinner jackets and tuxedos became combat suits. Loud bleating and roaring filled the room, black cloud sounds, assaulted sensitive nerves. The performance, known as the “Ring of the Century”, which triggered stink bombs and death threats against director Patrice Chereau, was already a high point in the history of the Bayreuth Festival a few years later.
1980 Jesu Hochzeit von Gottfried von Eine , a mystery opera based on the libretto by Lotte Ingrisch , which is based on quotations from the Bible, sparked a drastic rejection from ultra-Catholic circles at the premiere in the Theater an der Wien (director: Giancarlo del Monaco ) Work out. A performance almost never took place, although Cardinal König had previously assured that there was nothing wrong with a performance by the Austrian Catholic Church. At the premiere on May 18, 1980, organized screamers disrupted the performance, and stink bombs and tomatoes were thrown. Both church representatives and journalists raised the mood against the work before the premiere by denouncing an opera as an act hostile to religion and the church. These activities culminated in allegations of “blasphemy”, with violent public rallies, abuse letters and even death threats.
1981 The Flying Dutchman by Richard Wagner led at the Munich State Opera (directed by Herbert Wernicke ) into a scandal. Wernicke turned Wagner's opera into a bourgeois tragedy , set in Vormärz , gave Senta moves from Nora , and turned Wagner's “romantic opera” into a ballad of emancipation . At the end of the performance, hundreds shouted their disgust at the staging. Wagner's tragedy was drowned in a real "boo hurricane" (Süddeutsche Zeitung) . The world critic described the performance as "pure nonsense", "I accuse", Joachim Kaiser rose in the Süddeutsche Zeitung , condemned the conductor Wolfgang Sawallisch , who "covered this distortion with his solidarity", and threw the state director August Everding claims to have opened "the National Theater for a sham sensation".
1981 Aida by Giuseppe Verdi caused what was probably the greatest artistic scandal in the history of opera in the Federal Republic of Germany in the Frankfurt Opera (director: Hans Neuenfels ), in which Aida appeared as the cleaning lady cleaning museum corridors with a zinc bucket and mop and Radames as a shirt-sleeved manager. The Egyptian choir was costumed as a festive opera audience in tails and evening dress, throwing chicken legs from boxes at the prisoners in the triumphal march, the slaves were savages who threw the chicken legs around. In the end there was a joint gas death of the lovers. During the first picture hecklers protested: "mess", "mess", "damn mess". Whistles accompanied every change of image, many nuances from the orchestra pit were lost in the choir of protesters. In the end, half the house freaked out. Despite all the protests, the Frankfurt Aida remained on the program.
1982 The power of fate by Giuseppe Verdi at the Deutsche Oper Berlin (director: Hans Neuenfels) became a scandal. The premiere was on the verge of collapse a couple of times in early October, and in the end half the house threatened to freak out. “Shit”, “madhouse”, “monkey theater”, “blasphemy” were called out. “Who pays for that?” Grumbled an angry cultural bearer on the floor. “We all pay for this nonsense,” replied a knowledgeable aesthetician. While Marianne von Weizsäcker , the wife of the governing mayor, only “slipped a quiet, almost breathy 'boo” over her lips , according to “ BZ ”, the chorus of the prisoners increased in ever louder filth. Whenever a director in music theater, this place of sacrosanct reflection on occidental values, steps out of line and becomes "deliberately uncomfortable", a "full-necked noise" ("Die Welt") is the loud result.
1982 Hoffmann's Tales by Jacques Offenbach at the Hamburg State Opera (director: Jürgen Flimm , with Neil Shicoff in the title role). In the performance Hoffmann was an alcoholic, womanizer and great composer, in a large empty room there were cupboards in which Hoffmann collected things like walking sticks and butterflies. Hoffmann lay drunk in bed with empty wine bottles around him. During the overture, a girl dressed in a T-shirt got out of bed. The stories wafted through the window, through the doors into the hall, and wafted out again. “The people screamed, were beside themselves. These posh hamburgers, who showed the Italian 'kiss my ass' gesture, rolled up the programs to amplify their 'boos' - it was unbelievable. And when we came out at the stage exit, a woman came towards me who yelled at me: 'Mr. Flimm - why are you taking our Hoffmann away from us?' "
1983 Figaro's wedding of Mozart at the Stuttgart State Opera (director: Peter Zadek , set: Johannes Grützke ). The audience raged and screamed (including “Shit! Shit!”) Because the opera was moved to a different, rougher time: Susanna appeared in a miniskirt, Figaro with suspenders, stomach and wire-rimmed glasses. To Mozart's music were such outrageous sentences as: "The Lord is no longer in the mood for his own wife."
1985 The Bartered Bride by Bedrich Smetana at the Comic Opera in Berlin (directed by Peter Konwitschny ) was a scandal with a tabloid headline on the day of the premiere, as director Konwitschny for the horse-trading around the bridal sale in the so-called ducats duet as Handlungsort had chosen a urinal that Artistic Director Harry Kupfer refused to accept and dismissed the director before the premiere. Konwitschny was then able to realize his production at the Graz Opera in 1991 .
1987 The book with seven seals , an oratorio by Franz Schmidt (staged by George Tabori ), caused a scandal at the Salzburg Festival in the Salzburg University Church with supposedly obscene depictions in the sacred space. The production was canceled after the premiere because it was believed to have seen "copulatory movements", but this was not true, as it was a scene in which people desperately clung to each other for fear of the apocalypse . ÖVP General Secretary Michael Graff suggested that the festival should offer Tabori “a nice restroom, so that he could be artistically active there within an appropriate framework”. The Kronenzeitung wrote: “The man who messed it up was a certain Mr. Tabori, a very unsavory-looking person who had already explained to us on television what the production was all about: I want to show what people do to people. Okay, but then why do you snack to flowing blood in church? "
1993 Tristan und Isolde by Richard Wagner was staged at the Bayreuth Festival by the writer Heiner Müller , who caused turbulence even before the premiere with his statements: "Something new can only come about when you do what you can't". He will "hopefully disturb the tickle of perception", he just wants to stage "Tristan" "not as a linear pleasure curve, but as a delayed orgasm " and at the end of the day run and applaud "the funeral of the audience". The two main characters avoided each other in Müller's production. For most of the four-hour work they walked, looked, and sang past one another, cultivating their fear of contact. On the night of the premiere, an absolute majority of the audience booed and whistled their displeasure. But Müller didn't care: “I'm not interested in this audience. Tristan interests me ”.
1994 Aida by Giuseppe Verdi at the Graz Opera (director: Peter Konwitschny ) had to be interrupted twice at the premiere due to tumult, mutinous premiere guests forced the interruption, the conductor closed the score. Tomatoes even flew through the Graz cultural advisor of a bourgeois party, because Konwitschny staged the opera as a chamber play instead of an opulent illustration theater, he only used a sofa, a red cloth and a closed white room, but with two plush elephants. The famous triumphal march could not be seen, only heard, the pharaoh, his daughter and the high priest celebrated the victory over the Ethiopians to the pompous sounds with champagne and carnival hats. It was raining confetti and streamers, the prompter was encouraged to drink along. Suddenly the lights went on in the hall, the victory fanfare of the march echoed from above into the auditorium, the audience went wild. The following Verdi cycle under Konwitschny earned the Graz Opera the title “Opera of the Year 2001”.
1999 The Csárdásfürstin by Emmerich Kálmán at the Dresden Semperoper (director: Peter Konwitschny ) caused a theatrical scandal at the premiere, because the director relocated parts of the action to the battlefields of the First World War and thus to the time the work was written. Part of the audience loudly disturbed the performance. Sometimes the singers and orchestra could hardly be understood. There was an artistic amputation of this production. Only after a court case in which Konwitschny enforced that a staging was considered a work of art in its own right, was it allowed on stage, partly in its complete form, and partly in a truncated form. After 16 sold out performances, the operetta disappeared from the program.
concert
1913 " Pierrot Lunaire " by Arnold Schönberg . The performance on February 24, 1913 in the Rudolfinum in Prague ended in a concert scandal, which became one of Schönberg's terrible, traumatic experiences that the composer remembered throughout his life and which prompted him to later demand guarantees for undisturbed music at further Pierrot concerts.
1913 The so-called scandal concert of 1913 (also known as the “Watschenkonzert”) under the direction of Arnold Schönberg took place on March 31, 1913 in the Musikvereinssaal in Vienna . The audience was appalled by the novel music of contemporary composers such as Anton von Webern , Alexander von Zemlinsky , Arnold Schönberg and Alban Berg , who belonged to Expressionism and the Second Viennese School . During the performance, there were tumults, the supporters of Schönberg, his students and opponents yelled at each other, the performance was disrupted, the furniture destroyed. Several times outraged conservatives from the audience climbed the stage, cursing, to slap Arnold Schönberg. When he threatened that order would be brought about with the help of public violence, the tumult really started, so that the concert had to be prematurely stopped, the planned “ Kindertotenlieder ” by Gustav Mahler could no longer be performed.
1914 Gran concerto futurista d'intonarumori . The futurists Filippo Tommaso Marinetti , Umberto Boccioni , Luigi Russolo and their friends managed a scandal with the first futuristic concert on April 21, 1914 in a Milan theater, which the Corriere della Sera summarized as follows: “The event of the futurists in the Teatro Lirico began with the poetic glorification of feverish insomnia, the slap and the punch; after an unexpected turn it ended with the appearance of the police on the stage. ”Because after someone had read out the first Futurist Manifesto and the poets recited their futuristic poems, the audience was very tired. Then Marinetti stepped to the ramp and announced: “Our first futuristic conclusion should be: 'Down with Austria!'” The crowd hooted, a police officer broke off the performance, the futurists were temporarily arrested.
21st century
play
2005 Macbeth von Shakespeare in Jürgen Gosch's production at the Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus showed "wild blood splatters and naked witches on thunder bars, men who, in female roles, clamp their penis between their legs and wallow wildly in the dirt on the floor". The critics ran storm against the "disgusting theater" and the "Sudel-Macbeth", angry spectators left the hall. But later Gosch received the renowned Faust Theater Prize for the play .
2006 During the premiere of The Great Massacre or Triumph of Death by Eugène Ionesco at the Schauspiel Frankfurt, the actor Thomas Lawinky snatched the notepad from the theater critic Gerhard Stadelmaier with the words: "Let's see what that guy is writing!" And gave it after leafing through it back again. When Stadelmaier left the performance, Lawinky called out, “Get out, you ass! Piss off! ”After. Stadelmaier saw this as an attack on his role as a critic. Lawinky resigned to forestall his release. A discussion broke out within the German theater landscape, with well-known theater people taking sides for Lawinky.
2009 Pension F. von Hubsi Kramar , a play about the Austrian abuse case Josef Fritzl , could only take place under police protection at the premiere in February 2009 in the 3raum-Theater in Vienna. In advance, FPÖ culture spokesman Gerald Ebinger , Michael Jeannée and letters to the editor not only demanded the repayment of subsidies, but even a “fine” and prison sentence for the “disgusting mime” Kramar.
2010 Rechnitz (Der Würgeengel) by Elfriede Jelinek , a text about the Rechnitz massacre in a production by Hermann Schmidt-Rahmer , who also used a four-minute sound recording based on the case of the “ Cannibal von Rotenburg ”, caused a scandal . Spectators in Central, a theater of the Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus , shouted "Stop!", Others scolded to themselves. 70 percent of the audience left the auditorium shortly before the end of the second performance. After the performance there was a scandal when an elderly gentleman told the evening director that he was sorry for what those involved had to do on stage. When the woman replied that she was proud to be there, she was spat at by the man.
2012 Golgotha Picnic was in a guest appearance at Hamburg's Thalia Theater of the SSPX threatened with a display, more than 500 e-mails were outraged "at the initiative radically conservative and fundamentalist circles" about blasphemy , pornography and hate speech and demanded the dismissal of the performance . An attempt by a Hamburg citizen to prevent the guest performance by an administrative court failed. The management hired a private security service for the evening, but the scandal did not materialize. Rodrigo García’s staging , which is critical of religion, addressed the question of the extent to which religion can promise salvation from evil and whether it is not itself part of so-called evil. The piece had already caused a stir in France and Austria.
2012 Sul concetto di volto nel figlio di Duo ( On the concept of the face of God's Son ) by director Romeo Castellucci with the Italian theater group Societas Raffaelo Sanzio from Cesena caused a stir and protest in Berlin's Hebbel am Ufer . The performance showed an old man being looked after by his son. The old man is incontinent, soiling himself and his apartment, the once little one takes care of the papa who becomes a child again, this in front of an oversized picture of Christ by Antonello da Messina . The viewers in Berlin were about the smell of feces and “the plot was partly shocked”, but acclaimed the piece. The production had already led to heated discussions and protests by conservative Catholic groups in various Italian cities, some of them militant. Performances in Paris could only take place under police protection. The German Cardinal Rainer Maria Woelki spoke of blasphemy - but without having seen the play. The press defended the performance: “In the past, the theater needed the scandal. Church people want to convince him here. In order to protect something that has slipped away from them - the soul and the feeling of the contemporaries. ”On May 11, 2013, during the Wiener Festwochen in the Vienna Burgtheater there were massive attempts to disrupt an apparently organized audience . In a scene in which schoolchildren remove plastic hand grenades from their rucksacks and throw them at a large projected image of Jesus by the Renaissance artist Antonello da Messina, there was a long booing and whistling concert. Shouts like “Get rid of it!” Or “What a mess!” Could be heard.
2015 Baal by Bertolt Brecht at the Residenztheater in Munich caused a scandal in Frank Castorf's staging , which resulted in a performance ban by Suhrkamp Verlag , since Castorf did not tell Brecht's play in his four-hour, intoxicating staging in chronological order, but in the The Vietnam War relocated and passages from foreign texts, including from Arthur Rimbaud's A Time in Hell , as well as images from Apocalypse Now , songs by Jimi Hendrix and texts by Frantz Fanon and Heiner Müller added. The heirs of Brecht and the publisher accused the performance of being "an unauthorized adaptation" of the piece in which "the work unit was dissolved". Only about 1700 spectators saw the performance, which was banned shortly after the premiere on January 15 and was only seen in one performance during the Theatertreffen in Berlin.
Opera
2001 Die Fledermaus by Johann Strauss at the Salzburg Festival attracted in the radical staging and paraphrase of Hans Neuenfels , is director of the Gerard Mortier adopted from Salzburg, a scandal because Neuenfels and his designer Reinhard von der Thannen with a hard, deconstructive reading Strauss operetta settled after Hitler's seizure of power in the time of the emerging Austrofascism . The party with Prince Orlowsky sniffed coke, copulated instead of just flirting and Johann Strauss' Kaiserwalzer rang out of the speakers in the ghostly arrangement of Arnold Schönberg . “End, end! Go! You all puke me, ”the host of the bat festival roared into the audience. The premiere audience raved: “Cheekiness!” “Stop it!” And used whistles.
2003 The troubadour by Giuseppe Verdi at the Hanover Opera (director: Calixto Bieito ) shocked people with fights, homosexual and heterosexual rape and excesses of torture by Natural Born Killers , culminating in a scene apparently based on Pasolini's Salò , in which a warrior soldier over the corpse of one tortured and violated woman urinated. Count Luna masturbates out of sheer lust that the heroine wants to give herself to him in order to save her lover. Azucena, tortured into madness, smears herself with her feces. Numerous spectators left the theater during the break, many others in the second part.
2006 Idomeneo by Mozart at the Deutsche Oper Berlin (director: Hans Neuenfels ) was canceled for fear of attacks by Islamist terrorists, as the staging was classified by Christian representatives as "anti-religious and inhuman" and the "enlightening pose" of the opera scene in which the The severed heads of religious leaders like Jesus and Mohammed were shown to have a “inhuman side”. The decision of the opera directorship met with incomprehension and violent protests from around the world, as it was viewed as the task of freedom of art. The German Chancellor Angela Merkel also criticized the move as "unnecessary scissors in the head".
2008 The Flying Dutchman by Richard Wagner developed at the Leipzig Opera (directed by Michael von zur Muehlen ) an uproar. After about an hour, numerous visitors left the hall. On stage were video sequences with dogs biting each other to death, cow carcasses hanging on hooks, and lots of blood. After the performance, lead actor James Johnson resigned three days later. Legal action has been taken against Michael von zur Mühlen. The public prosecutor checked whether the performance had violated the Youth Protection Act. With a partially new cast and without violent videos, the production was later resumed.
2013 Tannhäuser by Richard Wagner in the staging by Burkhard C. Kosminski was canceled at the Deutsche Oper am Rhein in Düsseldorf four days after the premiere by artistic director Christoph Meyer and only performed in concert form. Kosminski had relocated the opera to the time of National Socialism , which led to strong protests from parts of the audience on the premiere evening. There were already numerous boos during the performance, and people also left the hall. Afterwards, some viewers complained of mental and physical problems. These were mainly triggered by a drastic shooting scene in the play, in which a whole family is executed in a realistic representation. For the overture there was a gas chamber picture: Naked extras sank to the floor in glass cubes, which slowly filled with fog. In a subsequent break from the score, a family was stripped, shaved and shot by Nazi henchmen and Tannhäuser (with a swastika band). The Venusberg , in Wagner place of hedonistic love, Kosminski pointed to the place of about Nazi crimes. However, no one had publicly requested the removal. The Jewish community found the staging "tasteless", but community director Michael Szentei-Heise explicitly stated that he did not demand the removal. Wagner was an “ardent anti-Semite”, but had nothing to do with the Holocaust. The Central Council of Jews in Germany was also aware of the controversial production, but did not comment publicly on it.
2013 Der Ring des Nibelungen by Richard Wagner ended at the Bayreuth Festival , directed by Frank Castorf at the premiere of "Twilight of the Gods" with a scandal . The director stepped onto the stage, his directing team to the left and right of him. A booing storm broke out, Castorf stood there for several minutes. As the boos got louder, he waved ironically into the audience, shook his head, pointed several times at the audience and tapped his forefingers on both temples. Spectators left the hall in protest. The others shouted even louder and the occasional Bravo callers tried even more now. When the conductor Kirill Petrenko wanted to bring Castorf back backstage, he refused. It was only when the curtain rose and the festival orchestra came to light that Castorf gave in - after more than ten minutes - and walked slowly backstage. Castorf told the opera tetralogy as a story of the decline of capitalism, its staging in the set by Aleksandar Denić was described as "the most important Bayreuth 'ring' for decades".
2015 Tannhäuser by Richard Wagner in the production of the young director Timofej Kuljabin was a scandal at the Novosibirsk Opera . Kuljabin let the minstrel Tannhauser appear as a director who shot the erotic film Venus Grotto . One of the actors was Jesus , surrounded by half-naked women. The Church spoke of " blasphemy ". There was a trial and protests. The Ministry of Culture dismissed theater director Boris Mesdritsch because he refused to change controversial scenes and to apologize to the faithful. For Russia this is an unprecedented defeat for the "freedom of art", commented cultural workers on the expulsion and almost 50,000 theater fans took part in a signature collection to save Tannhauser.
2015 The Freischütz by Carl Maria von Weber in the production by Kay Voges became a scandal at the Hanover Opera , as giant depressed rabbits hobbled around in it, neo-Nazis and soccer prolls stormed the stage, a hunter with a magic ball shot a woman with a headscarf. Due to video projections that are not suitable for children, the State Opera raised the age recommendation from 14 to 16 years, as there are scenes that are reminiscent of the terrorist attacks on November 13, 2015 in Paris . Nazi shemales and Pegida also showed up. The statement by the CDU's head of cultural affairs caused an angry dispute that one had to take action and “with all freedom for art, ensure that the treasures that poets and composers have left us remain alive and are not dragged on to the level and random. - That is an unspeakable loss of culture in favor of supposedly important deconstruction, allegedly contemporary contextualization and apparently sensation-driven one-off effects. "
literature
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- Theodore Ziolkowski : Scandal on Stage: European Theater as Moral Trial , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2009
Individual evidence
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- ↑ Inquiry from Federal Councilors Monika Mühlwerth , Mag. John Gudenus , Dr. Reinhard Eugen Bösch and colleagues in the Austrian Parliament to the Federal Chancellor regarding a reading by Otto Muehl in the Burgtheater (1357 / J-BR / 98). Parliamentary questions
- ↑ By WALTER TITZ Uhr, 10 May 2013: Love, art and abuse: ex-actionist Otto Muehl continues to polarize . May 10, 2013.
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- ^ News from Germany and the world - Frankfurter Rundschau .
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- ↑ Kai Luehrs-Kaiser: The definitive lick-me-up on the Green Hill. In: welt.de . August 2, 2014, accessed August 13, 2015 .
- ↑ Opera director falls over theater scandal in Siberia. In: Salzburger Nachrichten. March 30, 2015, accessed August 13, 2015 .
- ↑ 15 12 2015 at 5:14 pm : "Freischütz" with Nazi shemales and Pegida outraged politics .
- ^ "Freischütz" scandal production in Hanover: CDU is upset about "German Trash Theater" . December 15, 2015.