Cesena

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Cesena
coat of arms
Cesena (Italy)
Cesena
Country Italy
region Emilia-Romagna
province Forlì-Cesena  (FC)
Local name Zisèna
Coordinates 44 ° 8 '  N , 12 ° 14'  E Coordinates: 44 ° 8 '0 "  N , 12 ° 14' 0"  E
height 44  m slm
surface 249.47 km²
Residents 97,190 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 390 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 47023
prefix 0547
ISTAT number 040007
Popular name Cesenati
Patron saint John the Baptist
Website www.comune.cesena.fc.it
Cesena
Cesena

Cesena ( Caesena in ancient times ) is a city in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna , south of Ravenna and northwest of Rimini , on the Savio River with 97,190 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) and the second largest city in the Forlì-Cesena province . The city lies at the foot of the Apennines , around 15 kilometers from the Adriatic coast .

Cesena is the birthplace of Popes Pius VI. , Pius VII. And Pius VIII. The latter was bishop of the local diocese of Cesena , which is why Cesena calls itself the "City of the Three Popes".

history

Piazza del Popolo
Biblioteca Malatestiana
Rocca Malatestiana
Abbazia di Maria del Monte

Cesena was originally an Umbrian city, fell in the 4th century BC. In the hands of the Gauls and was in the 3rd century BC. Adopted by the Romans . For the first time it is source-wise in the 1st century BC. Called Cicero by the speaker . Pliny the Elder lists Cesena on the Via Aemilia as an oppidum and mentions the city's wines because of their quality. Incidentally, it is rarely mentioned by Roman authors of the republic and imperial times. Inscriptions give information about measures, baths and cult centers taken by Hadrian and Aurelian in favor of Cesena. It was a Municipium and was occupied by Odoacer in the late 5th century , but fell into Theodoric's hands in 493 . Only in the 6th century did it play a more important role , especially in the Gothic Wars of Belisarius and Narses . Cesena probably did not become a bishopric until the middle of the 6th century, even if, according to unreliable tradition, the diocese was founded in the 1st century.

From the second half of the 6th century, Cesena belonged to the Exarchate of Ravenna . In 743 it was conquered by the Lombard king Liutprand . After the campaigns of Pippin the Younger , it fell to the Pope in 754. Berengar II devastated the city in 961. Gregory V confirmed in 998 the Archbishop Gerbert of Ravenna (later Pope Silvester II ) in possession of Cesena, which now remained an episcopal city. From 1183 to 1198 it was a free commune and then for a long time a point of contention between the emperors and the popes. Francesco II Ordelaffi , lord of Forlì , received Cesena as papal vicariate. The heroic defense of the city by his wife Cia Ordelaffi against the siege by papal troops of Cardinal Albornoz in 1357 was ultimately unsuccessful. The city rose again in 1377 during the War of the Eight Saints and this time was recaptured by the Breton troops of the English-born Condottiere John Hawkwood under the command of Robert de Genève , Cardinal of Geneva , who later became the antipope of Clement VII , who was the papal legate of Gregory XI. ordered the killing of thousands of civilians. The atrocity against the background of the contemporary rules of warfare, which was later given the name "Carnage of Cesena", began on February 3, 1377 and lasted three days. It earned him the nickname "Executioner of Cesena".

Pope Urban VI. gave Cesena in 1379 as vicariate to Galeotto I. Malatesta . In the following period, from 1379 to 1465, the city recovered and flourished under the rule of the Malatesta, who rebuilt the castle above the city (called Rocca Malatestiana ) and built the cathedral . The Biblioteca Malatestiana , built by order of Domenico Malatesta, known as Malatesta Novello , from 1447 to 1452 near the castle with a number of valuable manuscripts is a good example of a Renaissance library - by the way, the only Renaissance library that is still complete has remained unchanged. It comprises 300,000 books, including 1,753 handwritten ones. When Malatesta Novello died in 1465, Cesena fell back to the Papal States. Pope Alexander VI there was 1500 his son Cesare Borgia , after whose death (1507) it came again to the Papal States, but was only a city of secondary importance.

On March 30, 1815, Murat defeated the Austrians at Cesena. During the uprisings of 1831, 1832 and 1859, the city was a major focus of resistance against ecclesiastical rule. During the Second World War , Cesena was near the Gothic position and suffered badly from bombing. In 1992 it was raised to the second capital of the province of Forlì-Cesena alongside Forlì.

Contemporary culture

On July 30th 2015, 1000 musicians gathered in the Park Parco Ippodromo to play the song "Learn to Fly" by the group Foo Fighters . They wanted to convince the band to give a concert in the city. Dave Grohl , singer and guitarist of the band, responded in a video message that the group would play there. The band kept their promise on November 3, 2015.

sons and daughters of the town

Web links

Commons : Cesena  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ↑ Cicero, Epistulae ad familiares 16, 27, 2.
  3. ↑ Pliny, Naturalis historia 3, 116 and 14, 67.
  4. ↑ Christian sleeves : Caesena. In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume III, 1, Stuttgart 1897, column 1306.
  5. ↑ CIL 11,558
  6. ^ S. Polica: Cesena . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 2, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1983, ISBN 3-7608-8902-6 , Sp. 1640 f. here: col. 1640.
  7. ^ Prokop , De bello Gothico 1, 1; 2, 11; 2, 19; 2, 29; 3, 6; Agathias , Histories 1, 20.
  8. ↑ GA Mansuelli:  Caesena (Cesena) Emilia-Romagna, Italy . In: Richard Stillwell et al. a. (Ed.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 1976, ISBN 0-691-03542-3 .
  9. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JozAmXo2bDE Video on Youtube
  10. ↑ http://www.shz.de/nachrichten/deutschland-welt/wissenschaften/fuer-foo-fighters-konzert-in-italien-1000-musiker-spiele-learn-to-fly-id10348761.html For Foo Fighters- Concert in Italy: 1000 musicians play "Learn to Fly"
  11. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=txEUgZR-luU Video message from Dave Grohl
  12. ↑ Concert in Italy: 1000 fans called, the Foo Fighters came. In: Spiegel Online . November 4, 2015, accessed November 4, 2015 .