Biblioteca Malatestiana
| Biblioteca Malatestiana | |
|---|---|
 Historical reading room - Sala Nuti from the 15th century
|
|
| founding | 1452 Old Library 1807 New Library |
| Duration | about 450,000 media |
| Library type | Public library |
| place |
Cesena 
|
| ISIL | IT-FC0011 |
| operator | Commune |
| Website | Biblioteca Malatestiana |
The Malatestiana Library is a Founded in 1452 public library in Cesena in the region of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy . It is the oldest civic urban library in Europe and belonged to the Comune . In 2005, UNESCO included the library as the only humanist library still in its original location in the world document heritage . It is made up of several building complexes, libraries and collections that have been incorporated into the Biblioteca Malatestiana over the centuries.
history
The library was commissioned by the Condottiere Novello Malatesta . From 1447 to 1452 the building was constructed by the architect Matteo Nuti , a student of Leon Battista Alberti . The library management was able to largely preserve the structure of the building over the past centuries, so artistic and architectural adaptations by Agostino di Duccio and Cristoforo da San Giovanni can be seen to this day. The interior of the library is characterized by a geometric figure from the early Renaissance .
In the reading room the manuscripts were kept as chain books in two rows of 29 plutei , the lectern , and could be consulted there.
The year 1807 can be seen as the founding date of today's library, when in the Napoleonic era the holdings were significantly increased through the dissolution of numerous monastery libraries and the so-called New Library was opened. The modern library was created at the end of the 19th century from the numerous donations and bequests from important families in the city and the surrounding area. In 1983 the children's and youth library and new reading rooms were opened. In 2002, the municipality of Cesena approved a project to double the area of the Biblioteca Malatestiana from 3,800 m 2 to 6,000 m 2 . At the end of 2013, the new library wing in the former school building of the Vincenzo Monti grammar school was opened to the public.
The rooms of the so-called Malatestiana antica, built in the 15th century, with the Nuti reading room, can be visited on guided tours for an admission fee.
Stocks
The inventory comprises over 400,000 copies, including 429 manuscripts, mainly from the late Middle Ages, 307 incunabula and over 4,000 prints from the 16th century.
The signatures of the core holdings - with the volumes from the previous Franciscan convent, the codices commissioned or acquired by Malatesta and the 53 manuscripts from the private library of the personal physician of the founder, Giovanni di Marco da Rimini, he has a volume of 343 manuscripts - with D. for Dextera (right) and S for Sinistra (left), a Roman numeral for the row and a running Arabic numeral within the lectern can still identify the original location: D.XXII.1, a 13th century manuscript, contains texts by Aristotle in the translation by Wilhelm von Moerbeke and, according to an older signature note, was placed in the first compartment of Pluteus XXII. S. XXVI.4, after the old signature note in the second compartment of Pluteus XXVI as the fourth manuscript, written partly in the 14th, partly in the 15th century, contains texts by Galen , Hippocrates and Averroes and comes from the library of Giovanni di Marco .
The collection also includes fifteen chorale books from the 15th century, seven of which come from the Cathedral of Cesena and eight from the library of the Monastery of the Observants, where they were received as a gift from Cardinal Bessarion .
There are also twelve manuscripts of various origins as well as bequests and libraries from scholars and journalists of the 19th and 20th centuries as well as from Risorgimento heroes . Lettere dei caduti cesenati is a collection of around 2000 letters and postcards from soldiers who moved from Cesena to the First World War in 1915 . The Fondo caduti contains 698 photographs of soldiers from the 1915–1918 war.
Collection of Pius VII.
Fifty-nine codices came to the Malatestiana with the private library of Chiaramonti Pope Pius VII (1742–1823), but not immediately. The Pope had decided that the library would be made available to the Benedictines in his home monastery in Cesena on condition that it be made accessible to the public. However, the property was reserved for the family in order to protect the library from politically motivated access to church property. Nevertheless, when the monastery was abolished in 1866, the holdings of the Piana from Demanium were deposited in the Malatestiana, against which the family protested.
In 1878 an agreement was reached in which the family left the Piana to the library as a deposit without a time limit, for which appropriate rooms were then created. The Lateran Treaties initially seemed to enable the Piana to be returned to the Benedictines, but lengthy legal disputes confirmed the ownership of the family, who ultimately decided to sell the library to the Italian state in order to keep the library as a unit in Cesena. The contract was signed in 1941.
The oldest dated manuscript in this collection is a gospel book from 1104, a richly illuminated missal from the 15th century with an impressive depiction of the crucifixion also belongs to the cimelia . An incunable of the Cosmographia of Claudius Ptolomäus with the wrong year of publication 1462 contains plates that were ascribed to Taddeo Crivelli , who also owes the miniatures in the Borso d'Este Bible .
The Biblioteca Piana can also be visited as part of the guided tours through the Malatestiana antica .
literature
- Augusto Campana : Origine, formazione e vicende della Malatestiana . In: Accademie e biblioteche d'Italia, 21 (1953), n. 1, pp. 3–16 ( digitized in the Catalogo aperto - Testi)
- Antonio Domeniconi: La Biblioteca Malatestiana . Udine, Doretti, 1960 (2nd ed. Con apparato illustrativo, Cesena, Biblioteca Comunale Malatestiana, 1982) ( web version without images in the Catalogo aperto - Testi)
- Massimo Ceresa: Una biblioteca nella Rivoluzione: i resti della biblioteca di Pio VI . In: Due papi per Cesena. Pio VI e Pio VII nei documenti della Piancastelli e della Malatestiana , a cura di Paola Errani, Bologna, Patron, 1999, pp. 213–221 ( digitized in the Catalogo aperto - Testi)
- Gherardo Ortalli : La Biblioteca Malatestiana: il Signore e la Città . In: Malatesta Novello magnifico signore. Arte e cultura di un principe del Rinascimento, a cura di Pier Giorgio Pasini, San Giorgio di Piano, Minerva, 2002, pp. 43–47 ( digitized in the Catalogo aperto - Testi)
Web links
- Entry of the Biblioteca Malatestiana on ICCU
- Catalogo aperto dei manoscritti Malatestiani
- Publications on the Malatestiana in the Opac der Regesta Imperii
Remarks
- ^ History of the Biblioteca Malatestiana (Italian) accessed on October 19, 2018
- ↑ Svelata la 'nuova' biblioteca Malatestiana. In: romagnanoi.it. December 12, 2013, accessed October 19, 2018 (Italian).
- ↑ a b Information on Malatesta antica (Italian) accessed on October 19, 2018
- ↑ Anna Manfron (Ed.): La biblioteca di un medico del Quattrocento. I codici di Giovanni di Marco da Rimini nella Biblioteca Malatestiana , Turin 1998 (exhibition catalog)
- ↑ Manfron, La biblioteca di un medico, pp. 175–176
- ↑ Manfron; La biblioteca di un medico pp. 238-240
- ↑ Information on the library pages
- ↑ Entry with image examples on the library's website
- ^ Fava: La biblioteca di papa Pio VII , pp. 265f .; Information on the Piana with images on the library website
- ↑ 1477 or 1482 are presumed to be real dating possibilities: Piana on the Malatestiana website
Bibliotheca Corviniana (2005) | Library of the Novello Malatesta (2005) | Historical Archives of the Diocese of Lucca (2011) | Newsreels and photos of the Istituto Luce (2013) | Barbanera Almanac Collection (2015) | Codex purpureus Rossanensis (2015) | Work by Brother Bernardino de Sahagún (2015) | Antonio Carlos Gomes, composer between two worlds (2017)