Christian Sure

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Christian Georg Alfred Klar (born May 20, 1952 in Freiburg im Breisgau ) is a former German terrorist of the Red Army Faction (RAF). He is considered one of the key figures in their second generation . He was involved in RAF attacks and assaults between 1977 and 1982, was arrested in 1982 and sentenced to life imprisonment in two trials for nine joint murders . Clear's possible pardon sparked a public debate in the 2000s; he was released early on December 19, 2008.

youth

Clearly comes from the educated middle class ; his mother was a grammar school teacher for physics and mathematics in Karlsbad , his father Alfred was vice-president of the high school authority in Karlsruhe. He is the second oldest of five siblings, including a sister. Clear attended the Hans-Thoma-Gymnasium Lörrach and switched to the Eichendorff-Gymnasium Ettlingen , where he passed his Abitur in 1972. For a short time he studied history and philosophy at the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg without a degree and later reflected on it: "I went there a few times, also used the library, but was disillusioned with the nutritional value and preparation, so to speak." He was a member of the FDP and the Young Democrats . In 1973 he refused military service on the grounds that he had a “deeply affirmative attitude”, whereby nothing could induce him to “injure or kill someone”.

RAF activities and arrests

In 1973 Christian Klar moved into a shared apartment in Karlsruhe with his girlfriend Adelheid Schulz and Günter Sonnenberg , and Knut Folkerts later also moved there. On October 30, 1974, in order to protest against the detention conditions of captured RAF members, he took part in the occupation of the Hamburg office of Amnesty International by the local Committee against Torture , a "talent shed" of the RAF. Of the 32 people involved, a number went underground and joined the second generation of the RAF, including Klar, who became a member in autumn 1976 at the latest. The first verifiable connection between Klar and the RAF were four weapons that he procured together with Siegfried Haag and Roland Mayer on October 27, 1976 in the Aosta Valley and one of which was later used in the Schleyer kidnapping . Along with Brigitte Mohnhaupt and Peter-Jürgen Boock, he is one of the “key figures” of the second RAF generation; According to Stefan Aust , Klar formed the "dual leadership" of the RAF from 1979 with Mohnhaupt. For Butz Peters Klar was an “ice-cold doer”: “Always the next“ action ”in mind.” The historian Tobias Wunschik describes Klar as a “doer” with weaknesses in execution; his "poor ideological background" was one of the reasons why he only stood out in the group hierarchy in the absence of Mohnhaupt.

A few hours after the assassination of the Federal Public Prosecutor Siegfried Buback , the investigators named Klar on April 7, 1977 as an alleged accomplice; shortly afterwards there was a public search for him. In 1977, according to Klar, the RAF leadership was concerned with “getting the revolutionary process in motion” ( Offensive 77 ); After the German autumn and the night of the death of Stammheim , the strategy was changed to an integration of "military" with political struggles, which was not carried out in the next few years due to the arrest and death of most members of the second RAF generation. Klar was involved in most of the attacks and assaults by the RAF between 1977 and 1982 (see the court proceedings for details ). His contributions to the crime have been largely clarified because he left a number of fingerprints and some RAF dropouts in the GDR made extensive statements after their exposure in 1990. After suffering from tuberculosis in 1979, Klar recovered in South Yemen and the GDR . Together with Wolfgang Beer, Klar negotiated the admission of RAF dropouts in the GDR, initiated by Inge Viett, in July 1980 with an MfS officer in Königs Wusterhausen . In the early 1980s, Klar received military training with other RAF members in several weeks in the GDR, including through target practice, in explosives technology and in the operation of the RPG-7 bazooka . After several unsuccessful arrest attempts, Klar was arrested on November 16, 1982 near Friedrichsruh in the Sachsenwald near Hamburg , where an RAF weapons depot ("Daphne") was located. After Brigitte Mohnhaupt and Adelheid Schulz had been arrested at an RAF depot near Frankfurt am Main in October, the BKA had publicly stated that it only had evidence of RAF hiding places in the Rhine-Main-Neckar area in order to give the impression that this depot is unknown. Clear was the "last head" (according to Butz Peters) of the 38 RAF members of the second generation who came into custody. The former head of the Federal Criminal Police Office Horst Herold then gave the assessment that "the old RAF" had "come to an end" with Klar's arrest.

Legal proceedings

The trial against clear the State Security Division of the Higher Regional Court of Stuttgart - charged together with Brigitte Mohnhaupt - began in February 1984. The Senate came to the conclusion that clear, the following acts in complicity had committed:

The Senate saw the following criminal offenses fulfilled: nine completed and eleven times attempted murder , partly committed in unity with completed and attempted hostage-taking , extortionate kidnapping , causing an explosive explosion , attempted coercion of constitutional organs and membership in a terrorist organization . On April 2, 1985, Klar was sentenced to five times life imprisonment and an additional 15 years' early sentence, which according to the existing legal situation would have meant a minimum imprisonment period of 82.5 years. After the 23rd Criminal Law Amendment Act of April 13, 1986 had implemented the stipulation of the Federal Constitutional Court that life imprisonment must grant the possibility of release and rehabilitation without an act of grace, the Federal Court of Justice changed the judgment against Klar to a simple life-long one in its appeal decision of July 16, 1986 Imprisonment, which includes all offenses as a total penalty ( Section 57b StGB ).

In 1992, after incriminating statements from RAF dropouts in the GDR, there was another trial against Christian Klar and Peter-Jürgen Boock before the Stuttgart Higher Regional Court. This saw it as proven that Klar had been involved in a bank robbery in Zurich on November 19, 1979 and subsequently fired shots at police officers and passers-by "with intent to kill" in the Shopville shopping underpass . On November 3, 1992 Klar was again sentenced to life imprisonment for these acts and for those convicted in 1985 through a subsequent formation of an overall sentence. In this judgment the "special gravity of guilt" was determined Klars, which delays early release and makes it difficult. This was not yet included in the 1985 judgment, as the old legal situation had provided that it was not the judging jury but the penal enforcement chambers that had to decide on it. When, following the judgment of the Federal Constitutional Court on June 3, 1992, this jurisdiction was transferred to the judging courts, the higher regional court was able to make this determination. The renewed criminal proceedings against Klar, who had already been sentenced to life imprisonment, were criticized by parts of the media as "overkill" ( Georg Fülberth ), especially since the Federal Prosecutor undermined the Kinkel initiative for rapprochement between the state and the RAF.

Once the particular gravity of the guilt has been determined, the courts will set a minimum period of detention exceeding the usual 15 years ( Section 57a (1) No. 1 and 2 StGB). The Stuttgart Higher Regional Court ruled on February 13, 1998 that the minimum period of service in the Klars case was 26 years.

Detention

Klar was imprisoned from November 16, 1982, initially in the Stuttgart penal institution , where he was largely unable to contact other RAF members. Eva Haule initially took care of Klar's detention until she went into hiding shortly after the main trial against Klar began in February 1984. After a hunger strike in 1989, he was transferred to the Bruchsal correctional facility , where he stayed from November 10, 1989 until he was released in 2008. When the RAF split into two warring camps in 1992/93 on the question of whether the state should accept offers of talks, Klar and Mohnhaupt were on the side of the hardliners . As part of the RAF prisoners, he claims “an important contribution” to the dissolution of the organization in 1998; the debate “got off to a flying start after 1995”.

Early release controversy

There was repeated public controversy over whether Klar should be released early from prison. On November 22, 2001, Günter Gaus conducted a conversation with Klar , which was broadcast on ORB television the following month and which has been described as “one of the most memorable interviews in German television history”. Then Gaus, who had “deeply disturbed” Klar's condition, encouraged his interlocutor to make a petition for clemency. In the interview, Klar explained when asked about the topic of "feeling guilty and remorseful":

"In the political arena, against the background of our struggle, these are not concepts."
“But it could be personal terms that have meaning because of the victims? [...] "
“I let the other side have their feelings and respect the feelings, but I don't make them my own. It sits too deeply that too many human lives count for nothing here in rich countries. Much would have to change before grief. Belgrade is being bombed. [...] In many countries conditions are created where a human life doesn't even have a name. "

When Klar made a petition for clemency to the then Federal President Johannes Rau in 2003 , however, he wrote: “Of course I have to acknowledge a guilt. I understand the feelings of the victims and I regret the suffering of these people. ”The request for clemency was also due to the efforts of Rolf Becker , who was Klars' honorary supervisor from 2003 to 2006. In 2003 Becker asked the artistic director Claus Peymann for an internship for Klar; In 2005 he offered him an apprenticeship as a stage technician at the Berliner Ensemble . The relocation to Berlin required for this and his status as an outdoor prisoner were initially not approved.

In January 2007, Klar's request for clemency became the subject of a lively debate in which Michael Buback , the son of the RAF victim Siegfried Buback , the former Federal Minister of the Interior Gerhart Baum ( FDP ) and the director Volker Schlöndorff campaigned for a possible release from prison. Opposed to this were Waltrude Schleyer , Hanns Martin Schleyer's widow, Guido Westerwelle , Günther Beckstein and Markus Söder . It was criticized that Klar did not give any signals that could justify a concession by the state, such as a public confession of repentance and guilt or statements about unsolved murders. On January 28, 2007, 91 percent of Sabine Christiansen's viewers on the program “Gnade für Gnadenlose?” Voted against Klar's early release from prison. A greeting from Klar's critical of capitalism, read out at the Rosa Luxemburg Conference on January 13, 2007 , received public attention when the ARD television magazine Report Mainz reported on it in extracts on February 26, 2007 . Once again a pardon was discussed, but also Klar's right to freedom of expression . The Baden-Württemberg Justice Minister Ulrich Goll (FDP) announced on February 28, 2007 that Klar would not receive any detention for the time being. On May 7, 2007, Federal President Horst Köhler rejected Klar's request for clemency after they had held a conversation on May 4 at a secret location in southern Germany .

After the petition for clemency was rejected, Klar tried to suspend the remainder of the sentence on probation ( Section 57a ​​of the Criminal Code) after the minimum serving period of 26 years had expired. A favorable social prognosis is necessary for this ( Section 57 (1) No. 2 StGB), which usually presupposes prior easing of detention. Such third-party facilitation Clear granted after the end of 2004 planned implementation easing until then Wuerttemberg Baden-resistance at the Ministry of Justice failed, on 24 April 2007, the Regional Court of Karlsruhe . The detention facilities were temporarily suspended as the Federal Court in early 2008 Beugehaft ordered for clear to details of the assassination of Siegfried Buback about it.

On November 24, 2008, the Stuttgart Higher Regional Court ruled that Klar was to be released on January 3, 2009 - at the end of the minimum serving period. Then the media debate started again. It was criticized that Klar did not show sufficient remorse, did not ask for forgiveness for his actions and did not divulge any information about the attacks that were carried out, which are not legally a prerequisite for an early release from prison. In 1997 he had already renounced acts of violence: "I am not thinking of reviving a strategy of armed struggle." In 2007 he affirmed that he wanted to "lead a legal life": "The political story is over". The criminologist Helmut Kury , who prepared an opinion on Klar, came to the conclusion that at the latest since the RAF's declaration of dissolution in 1998, he was no longer in danger; he had shown himself to be inconspicuous and cooperative for years while in detention. In the opinion of the Higher Regional Court there was no risk of relapse with Klar; a probation period of five years was set. In protest against the release from prison, Jürgen Vietor , copilot during the hijacking of the plane “Landshut” by a Palestinian terrorist squad in 1977, returned his Federal Cross of Merit, as Klar's release mocked “all victims of the RAF, be they dead or still alive”.

The discussion was "extremely emotional and polarizing". Gudrun Ensslin's son Felix explained the severity of the dispute in 2007 with the fact that (undeserved) grace - like terror - outraged the sense of justice. In 2008, the publicist Carolin Emcke , goddaughter of the RAF victim Alfred Herrhausen , spoke in retrospect of a “hysterical scandalization” of the debate in which the “old reflexes” had reappeared; "A hideous spectacle, stimulated and staged by the boulevard", which was also fueled by "the hasty helpers [Klars] in every talk show". Klar himself seemed “closed and hardened” - “nothing about this figure invites you to want to understand it.” The contemporary historian Gisela Diewald-Kerkmann summed up in 2012 - following Heribert Prantl - that the discussion that was too Klar in 2007 and 2009 was the Lines of argument about Brigitte Mohnhaupt's release in 2003 have taken up and increasingly detached themselves from the specific case: The "RAF as a whole" and the relationship between society and it have finally come to the fore.

Bernhard Schlink worked on the debate in his novel The Weekend , published at the beginning of 2008 , which describes the encounter between a pardoned former RAF terrorist and his circle of supporters after his release from prison, allowing the fictional characters to take positions of the real debate in a controversial review of a terrorist's life. The main character is “unmistakably” based on Christian Klar.

Debate about who was responsible for the Buback murder

In an interview with Der Spiegel in April 2007, the former RAF member Peter-Jürgen Boock stated that, according to his information, Christian Klar was leaving as “directly involved” in the murder of Siegfried Buback and his companions. He confirmed the statement made by former RAF member Verena Becker to the Office for the Protection of the Constitution that Stefan Wisniewski had fired the fatal shots at the Attorney General from the pillion seat of a motorcycle. The son of the man who was killed, Michael Buback , pointed out, in his opinion, inadequately evaluated testimonies that would have pointed to a woman as the murderer of his father. Shortly after the Buback murders, Verena Becker was arrested together with Günter Sonnenberg in May 1977 and the murder weapon was seized from her. In the following trial against Verena Becker, Christian Klar was summoned as a witness because of a remark he made during his detention. He is said to have called Becker the perpetrator, but refused to testify in September 2011; Becker could not prove the perpetrator; but she was convicted of complicity in the Buback assassination attempt.

Release and later employment

On December 19, 2008, Christian Klar was released on parole. The release took place before the set date, because Klar had worked days off in prison, which were credited to him.

In 2011 he lived in Berlin and worked as a driver. On February 18, 2016, it became known that Diether Dehm , member of the Bundestag of the Die Linke party , had been employing Christian Klar for several years as a freelancer for the technical support of his parliamentary website, which led to criticism from the Union faction , while politicians of the Left Party defended Klar's employment . The facts became known when Dehm's application for a house ID for the Bundestag was rejected for Klar.

In May 2017, Klar attended the funeral of the former GDR Defense Minister Heinz Keßler with Eva Haule . The political scientist Klaus Schroeder interpreted this as confirmation of their rejection of the Federal Republic; like Keßler, they see themselves as part of a “Marxist-Leninist avant-garde” and as “political victims”.

literature

Web links

 Wikinews: Christian Klar  - in the news

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c "The old RAF has come to an end". After the clear arrest: The investigators fear a new generation of terrorists. In: Der Spiegel , November 22, 1982.
  2. ↑ Heike Faller: Christa Klar, mother. In: Die Zeit , May 11, 2000.
  3. ↑ Tobias Wunschik: Baader-Meinhof's children. The second generation of the RAF. Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1997, p. 203.
  4. ↑ a b Stefan Amzoll : "I am not ready to discuss the RAF as a criminal case". In conversation: Former RAF member Christian Klar. In: Friday , December 21, 2007.
  5. ↑ From Inge Meysel to Christian Klar. In: Die Tageszeitung , March 22, 2005.
  6. ↑ Willi Winkler : A conscientious objector who became a warrior. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , May 28, 2007.
  7. ^ Butz Peters: Deadly error. The history of the RAF. Argon, Berlin 2004, p. 315 and p. 381 f.
  8. ↑ Tobias Wunschik: Baader-Meinhof's children. The second generation of the RAF. Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1997, p. 203. Willi Winkler speaks of the fact that Klar "soon" joined the RAF after October 1974; ders .: A conscientious objector who became a warrior. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , May 28, 2007.
  9. ↑ Wolfgang Kraushaar : The blind spots of the RAF. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2017, ISBN 978-3-608-98140-7 , p. 203.
  10. ^ Butz Peters: Deadly error. The history of the RAF. Argon, Berlin 2004, p. 33.
  11. ^ Stefan Aust: The Baader Meinhof Complex . Hoffmann and Campe, new edition Hamburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-455-50029-5 , p. 874.
  12. ^ Butz Peters: Deadly error. The history of the RAF. Argon, Berlin 2004, p. 488 f., Quotation p. 489.
  13. ↑ Tobias Wunschik: Baader-Meinhof's children. The second generation of the RAF. Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1997, p. 372. Similar to Butz Peters: Tödlicher Errtum. The history of the RAF. Argon, Berlin 2004, p. 481 f. for the period from summer 1978.
  14. ↑ Sven Felix Kellerhoff : Christian Klar: Bundestag ID for a stupid murderer? In: Die Welt , February 19, 2016; Daily news from April 9, 1977 (YouTube) .
  15. ↑ Klars declaration of December 4, 1984, quoted from Butz Peters: Tödlicher Errtum. The history of the RAF. Argon, Berlin 2004, p. 735.
  16. ↑ Overviews by Majid Sattar : RAF terrorist Christian Klar: Nine murders, eleven attempted murders. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , April 24, 2007; Remaining imprisonment against Christian Klar suspended on probation. Press release. In: OLG-Stuttgart.de , November 24, 2008.
  17. ↑ Willi Winkler : A conscientious objector who became a warrior. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , May 28, 2007.
  18. ^ Butz Peters: Deadly error. The history of the RAF. Argon, Berlin 2004, p. 553. Clear helped organize the departure of the “latecomer” Henning Beer in April 1982, see ibid., P. 563.
  19. ↑ Jan-Hendrik Schulz: The relations between the Red Army Fraction (RAF) and the Ministry for State Security (MfS) in the GDR. In: Zeitgeschichte Online , May 2007; in detail Butz Peters: Deadly error. The history of the RAF. Argon, Berlin 2004, pp. 578-581 and pp. 588-591.
  20. ↑ Klaus Pflieger: Against the Terror - Memories of a Public Prosecutor. Verrai, Stuttgart 2016, ISBN 9783981804140 , p. 128 f.
  21. ^ Butz Peters: Deadly error. The history of the RAF. Argon, Berlin 2004, p. 534.
  22. ^ Butz Peters: Deadly error. The history of the RAF. Argon, Berlin 2004, p. 623.
  23. ↑ a b c d Enforcement relaxation for Christian Klar: The court obliges the Bruchsal correctional facility to grant the first escorted exits. Press release. In: Landgericht-Karlsruhe.de , April 24, 2007.
  24. ↑ Klaus Pflieger : The Red Army Fraction - RAF. May 14, 1970 to April 20, 1998. 3. Edition. Nomos, Baden-Baden 2011, ISBN 978-3-8329-5582-3 , p. 181.
  25. ↑ On the complex of court judgments Klaus Pflieger: Brigitte Mohnhaupt and Christian Klar are released from prison. In: Die Kriminalpolizei , June 2007.
  26. ↑ Catharina Dresel: “Lifelong” for RAF terrorists or a right to rehabilitation even with a lack of admission of guilt? In: Heidelberg student journal for law. Vol. 7, 2010, No. 3, pp. 343-366, here p. 352.
  27. ^ Georg Fülberth: 1992: Juristischer Overkill. In: Friday No. 45, November 26th 2017. One of the voices at the time was Wolfgang Gast: Boock and Klar again in court. In: Die Tageszeitung , July 29, 1992.
  28. ↑ In detail on Klar's prison conditions, Butz Peters : Tödlicher Errtum. The history of the RAF. Argon, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-87024-673-1 , p. 645 f.
  29. ^ Butz Peters: Deadly error. The history of the RAF. Argon, Berlin 2004, p. 623.
  30. ↑ Oliver Tolmein : Stories from 1001 RAF. In: Konkret No. 7/1991, p. 18. On the context of the hunger strike Butz Peters: Tödlicher Errtum. The history of the RAF. Argon, Berlin 2004, pp. 642-650, for clarity especially p. 649 f.
  31. ^ Butz Peters: Deadly error. The history of the RAF. Argon, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-87024-673-1 , pp. 703-706. Various statements of Klars in the debate are documented in: ID -Archiv im IISG (Ed.): "We have more questions than answers": RAF. discussions 1992–1994. Edition ID-Archiv, Berlin and Amsterdam 1995, ISBN 3-89408-044-2 (PDF).
  32. ↑ Stefan Amzoll : "I am not ready to discuss the RAF as a criminal case". In conversation: Former RAF member Christian Klar. In: Friday , December 21, 2007.
  33. ↑ On the legal aspects of the debate as a whole, Gabriele Kett-Straub: Terrorists also have a legal right to freedom. Suspension of the remainder of the sentence in murder cases with particularly serious guilt. In: Goltdammers archive . Volume 154, 2007, pp. 332-347.
  34. ↑ Lars Bergmann: The ex-terrorist from Freiburg. Christian Klar comes free - a piece of German history. In: Chilli (Stadtmagazin), December / January 2008/2009, pp. 8-10, here p. 9 (PDF) ( Memento from July 30, 2016 in the Internet Archive ).
  35. ↑ Bettina Gaus : About grace. In: Die Tageszeitung , January 31, 2007.
  36. ↑ Philipp Wittrock: Gaus interview with Christian Klar: Documentary drama behind bars. In: Der Spiegel No. 5, February 1, 2007.
  37. ↑ RAF grace debate. Christian Klar confesses his guilt. In: Spiegel Online , January 27, 2007.
  38. ↑ Rolf Becker about his visits to and his impression of the former RAF terrorist Christian Klar: “He is preparing for a different life”. In: Hamburger Abendblatt , February 11, 2007.
  39. ↑ Martin Wolf: "It is not the deed that is pardoned, but the person". Conversation with Volker Schlöndorff. In: Der Spiegel , January 31, 2007. Another example of an opinion contribution in the debate is Peggy Parnass : Speaking of murder. In: Stern , March 29, 2007.
  40. ↑ Some contributions to the debate from the conservative side are reproduced and classified by Stephan Berghaus: Gnade vor Recht? A reading of the pardon debate about Christian Klar. In: Katharina Grabbe, Sigrid G. Köhler, Martina Wagner-Egelhaaf (eds.): The imaginary of the nation: On the persistence of a political category. Transcript, Bielefeld 2012, pp. 293-325, here especially pp. 309-311.
  41. ↑ Svea Bräunert: Review of Marina Deiß: Mercy for the merciless? In: RKM-Journal , August 14, 2009.
  42. ↑ Christian Klar: "It can be done differently". Statement to the participants in the Rosa Luxemburg Conference. In: n-tv , February 26, 2007. See Stephan Berghaus: Gnade vor Recht? A reading of the pardon debate about Christian Klar. In: Katharina Grabbe, Sigrid G. Köhler, Martina Wagner-Egelhaaf (eds.): The imaginary of the nation: On the persistence of a political category. Transcript, Bielefeld 2012, pp. 293-325, here pp. 307-309 for a speech analysis.
  43. ↑ Clear wants to sue for further easing of detention. In: Der Tagesspiegel , May 9, 2007.
  44. ↑ Federal President Horst Köhler decided on the requests for clemency from Mr. Christian Klar and Mrs. Birgit Hogefeld. ( Memento from May 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) In: Bundespraesident.de , May 7, 2007.
  45. ↑ Sure gets relief from prison. In: Spiegel Online , April 24, 2007; Prison relaxation for Christian Klar: The court obliges the Bruchsal penal institution to grant the first escorted exits. Press release. In: Landgericht-Karlsruhe.de , April 24, 2007.
  46. ↑ Remaining imprisonment against Christian Klar suspended on probation. Press release. In: OLG-Stuttgart.de , November 24, 2008. See also comments and links on the decision in the course of the procedure OLG Stuttgart, November 24, 2008 - 2 StE 5/91 at Dejure.org .
  47. ↑ Ex-RAF terrorist Sure comes free: Zypries defends dismissal. In: n-tv .de , November 25, 2008.
  48. ↑ Thorsten Schmitz : plain text. Conversation with Christian Klar on April 25, 1997. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , published again in issue 11/2007 of SZ-Magazin (p. 2).
  49. ↑ Stefan Amzoll : "I am not ready to discuss the RAF as a criminal case". In conversation: Former RAF member Christian Klar. In: Friday , December 21, 2007.
  50. ^ Portrait of Christian Klar: In the inner leadership circle of the RAF. In: Südwestrundfunk , Landesschau, December 19, 2008.
  51. ↑ Five years of probation: Sure comes free. In: n-tv , November 24, 2008.
  52. ↑ Interview: "Landshut" pilot returns the Federal Cross of Merit. In: Augsburger Allgemeine , November 24, 2008.
  53. ^ Stephan Berghaus: Grace before justice? A reading of the pardon debate about Christian Klar. In: Katharina Grabbe, Sigrid G. Köhler, Martina Wagner-Egelhaaf (eds.): The imaginary of the nation: On the persistence of a political category. Transcript, Bielefeld 2012, pp. 293-325, here p. 293 f. . For the coverage of the Frankfurter Allgemeine and the Süddeutsche Zeitung that was rated as overall satisfactory, see Marina Deiß: Gnade für Gnadenlose? 30 years of German autumn and the “pardon debate” in the media (= scientific articles from Tectum Verlag: Medienwissenschaften. Volume 3). Tectum, Marburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8288-9807-3 , p. 92.
  54. ^ Felix Ensslin: The double displacement. In: Die Zeit , March 22, 2007.
  55. ↑ Carolin Emcke: Mute violence: thinking about the RAF. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2008, p. 20 (e-book edition).
  56. ↑ Gisela Diewald-Kerkmann: Exit and pacification strategies using the example of German left-wing terrorism. In: Klaus Weinhauer, Jörg Requate (Hrsg.): Violence without a way out? Terrorism as a communication process in Europe since the 19th century. Campus, Frankfurt am Main, New York 2012, pp. 223–240, here p. 239 f.
  57. ↑ Michael König: Poetics of Terror. Politically motivated violence in contemporary German literature. Transcript, Bielefeld 2015, pp. 235-239, quotation p. 236; Stephan Berghaus: mercy before justice? A reading of the pardon debate about Christian Klar. In: Katharina Grabbe, Sigrid G. Köhler, Martina Wagner-Egelhaaf (eds.): The imaginary of the nation: On the persistence of a political category. Transcript, Bielefeld 2012, pp. 293–325, here pp. 316–324 (preview); Corina Erk: Narrative of remembering between construction and deconstruction of the RAF myth: Bernhard Schlink's “The Weekend”. In: Stefan Bronner, Hans-Joachim Schott (Ed.): The violence of the characters. Terrorism as a symbolic phenomenon (= Bamberg Studies on Literature, Culture and Media. Volume 3). University of Bamberg Press, Bamberg 2012, pp. 271-290 (preview).
  58. ↑ Helmar Büchel: “There is also shame in it”. Ex-terrorist Peter-Jürgen Boock, 55, on the assassination attempt on Attorney General Siegfried Buback, the strategy of the RAF and his personal guilt. In: Der Spiegel No. 17/2007, April 23, 2007.
  59. ↑ Terrorism: Wisniewski is said to be a Buback murderer. In: Spiegel Online , April 21, 2007.
  60. ↑ RAF: Did Verena Becker shoot Buback? In: Stern , May 2, 2007 ( Reuters report).
  61. ↑ Buback case: Clearly Becker is said to have named as the murderer. In: Die Welt , October 9, 2009 ( AP report); Terror revelation over coffee and cake? In: Focus Online , July 14, 2011; Rüdiger Soldt: Buback murder: Christian Klar refuses to testify in the Becker trial. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , September 15, 2011.
  62. ↑ Ex-RAF terrorist released from custody. In: Rheinische Post , December 19, 2008 (AP report).
  63. ↑ Miriam Hollstein : The controlled silence of an ex-terrorist. In: Die Welt , September 15, 2011.
  64. ↑ Diether Dehm on ex-RAFler: “No radical agitator”. In: Die Tageszeitung , February 21, 2016 ( AFP report).
  65. ↑ Member of the Bundestag of the Left: Diether Dehm employs former RAF terrorist Christian Klar. In: Der Tagesspiegel , February 19, 2016 ( DPA report).
  66. ↑ Julia Haak: Former RAF terrorists say goodbye to Heinz Keßler. In: Berliner Zeitung , June 8, 2017.
personal data
SURNAME Sure, Christian
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sure, Christian Georg Alfred
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German terrorist of the Red Army faction
DATE OF BIRTH May 20, 1952
PLACE OF BIRTH Freiburg in Breisgau