Friedrichsruh
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Friedrichsruh
Aumühle municipality
Coordinates: 53 ° 31 ′ 46 ″ N , 10 ° 20 ′ 25 ″ E
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| Postal code : | 21521 | |
| Area code : | 04104 | |
Location of Friedrichsruh in Schleswig-Holstein |
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Friedrichsruh is a district of the municipality of Aumühle , Duchy of Lauenburg , in Schleswig-Holstein , east of Hamburg.
Friedrichsruh and the von Bismarck family
In recognition of the victory over France and in gratitude for the Empire in 1871 gave Kaiser Wilhelm I 's Chancellor Otto von Bismarck as endowment to Lauenburg Sachsenwald from his tenure as Duke of Lauenburg (1890 Bismarck received from Wilhelm II. Also this item, from the but he made no use). The Chancellor, who until then had privately lived and managed his estates in Schönhausen and Varzin , had a restaurant in the Sachsenwald, located directly on the Hamburg-Berlin railway line , which had emerged from a former hunting lodge of the Counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld, converted into a manor house. His descendants still live here today. The Schwarze Au is dammed up in Friedrichsruh to the castle pond.
Otto Fürst von Bismarck and his wife Johanna found their final resting place in a Bismarck mausoleum in the neo-Romanesque style located a little above the castle , which is said to be based on that of Theodoric in Ravenna - although it is much smaller. It was built in 1899 by the architect Ferdinand Schorbach .
Not far from the mausoleum, a memorial was created for the fallen marines of the battleship Bismarck, which was sunk by the Royal Navy on May 27, 1941 at the Rhine Exercise company . The 2.40-meter-high boulder wearing an Iron Cross, bearing the family crest of the house eichenumkränzten Bismarck, which is also the emblem of the ship Bismarck was. On the anchor in front of it, the text "2371 men stayed at sea with their ship" is written on a plate.
The old reception building of the Friedrichsruh station is now the seat of the federally direct Otto von Bismarck Foundation and houses a public library as well as seminar and work rooms as the centerpiece of a permanent exhibition on the subject of "Otto von Bismarck and his time"; the Bismarck Museum Friedrichsruh with loans from the family v. Bismarck is across from the castle. Also worth seeing is the Butterflies Garden , a butterfly zoo with many exotic specimens, which the Bismarck family set up in part of the castle park in 1988.
history
In 1763, the ruling Count Friedrich zur Lippe-Biesterfeld had a hunting lodge built on the site of an old forestry in the Sachsenwald . He named this building Friedrichsruh after his first name , and his name and title were carved on a crossbeam in the gable wall of this thatched half-timbered house. As the "Erbzinshaus, called Friedrichsruh" belonging to the village of Aumühle , it appears in a topographical-historical description at the beginning of the 19th century.
When Count Friedrich died on July 31, 1781, various owners subsequently acquired the property: Jean Albrecht Willink (1781), Fam. Rodde (1784), JA Willink (1785), Jean de Virq Thalen (1789) and JD Baetcke im Year 1791.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the previous manorial property was sold again and converted into an inn, which only had a small number of guests as long as it was only accessible from Hamburg by horse and cart. This only changed with the construction of the Hamburg - Berlin railway . A rival inn was created under the name Das Landhaus . In order to be able to keep up, a new, large inn was built near the hunting lodge, which was named Frascati and was jokingly called "Freßkathe" by the Hamburgers. This was struck by lightning and a new, larger inn was built in its place, for the construction of which the original hunting lodge had to give way.
When the property passed to Otto von Bismarck after the victory over France and the founding of the empire in 1871, he had the new Frascati converted into a castle inhabited by the Bismarck family using the existing buildings. The property was destroyed by the Royal Air Force on April 29, 1945, at the end of World War II, because Heinrich Himmler was wrongly suspected to be there, even though the house was clearly marked with a red cross on the roof. 1945 was the camp of the Swedish rescue operation of the White Buses in Friedrichsruh , which was led by the Vice-President of the Swedish Red Cross Folke Bernadotte and brought Danish and Norwegian prisoners of war home via Sweden both before and after the end of the war .
The Iron Chancellor 's grandson of the same name , Otto Fürst von Bismarck (1897–1975), had the castle rebuilt in a contemporary form after the war; the family of his son, Prince Ferdinand von Bismarck , lived in it until his death in 2019.
Bismarck and Kaiser Wilhelm II in Friedrichsruh, 1888
Band of the Lauenburg Jäger Battalion performing in front of Prince Bismarck (April 1, 1895)
Bismarck Homage by the German Student Union at Friedrichsruh Train Station (April 1, 1895)
Grave of Otto von Bismarck and his wife in the Bismarck mausoleum
Others
- Richard Baer (1911–1963), SS-Sturmbannführer and camp commandant of the Auschwitz and Mittelbau-Dora concentration camps , was arrested on December 20, 1960 on the estate of Prince Otto von Bismarck, where he had hidden for 15 years.
literature
- Adolph Julius Baetcke: History of the Baetcke family . Hamburg 1898.
- W. Dührsen: Lauenburg Archives . Volume 2. Mölln 1887.
- Henning von Rumohr, Hubertus Neuschäffer: Castles and mansions in Schleswig-Holstein. Weidlich, Frankfurt am Main 1983, ISBN 3-8035-1216-6 , pp. 386-390.
Web links
- Friedrichsruh . In: Bismarck-Familie.de
- Friedrichsruh . In: Bismarck-Stiftung.de
- On Bismarck's footsteps through Friedrichsruh . In: NDR.de , April 25, 2018
Individual evidence
- ^ Bernhard von Bülow : Memoirs: From appointment as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs to Morocco Crisis, 1897-1903 , Putnam, 1931, p. 226; Henning von Rumohr , Hubertus Neuschäffer: Castles and mansions in Schleswig-Holstein , Flechsig Verlag, 1983, p. 390.
- ^ Image of the memorial on a private page (archive version from February 6, 2020, web.archive.org) , accessed on July 12, 2020.
- ^ Image : 70 years of the end of the war in Hamburg - Part 2. Three men saved Hamburg , from: April 17, 2015; Retrieved on: April 3, 2017