Warcino
| Warcino | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Help on coat of arms |
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Slupsk | ||
| Gmina : | Kępice | ||
| Geographic location : | 54 ° 13 ' N , 16 ° 51' E | ||
| Residents : | 680 (March 31, 2011) | ||
| Postal code : | 77-230 Kępice | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 59 | ||
| License plate : | GSL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Ext. 208 : ( Polanów -) Wielin - Barcino | ||
| Rail route : | PKP - route 405: Piła – Ustka , train station: Kępice | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
Warcino [ varˈt͡ɕinɔ ] ( German Varzin ) is a village in the Powiat Słupski ( Powiat Stolp) of the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship . The village has about 450 inhabitants and is part of the rural community of Kępice ( hammer mill ).
Geographical location
The village lies in Pomerania , about 19 kilometers southeast of Sławno (Slawno) and 43 kilometers east of Koszalin (Koszalin) .
history
The Pomerania town of Varzin (also: Vartzin ) is mentioned in a document for the first time in a loan letter from 1485, but - and its hoof constitution speaks for it - it is already of Slavic origin. At that time the village was owned by the von Zitzewitz family . In the church register of 1590, 25 farmers and 1 Kossät are named with 12½ hooves. In 1628 16½ hooves and 6 kossas are taxed. After the devastation of the Thirty Years War , most of it was rebuilt. In 1717 Varzin again had 15 farmers and 2 kossas, at the end of the 18th century 16 farmers, and in 1813 there were only nine farms, the number of which was reduced to six in 1823.
In the course of the 19th century, a glassworks in the Vorwerk Chomnitz (now in Polish: Chomnica), the iron hammer and the Seekaten were built in the manor district. The glassworks closed again later. At the Wipper ( Wieprza ) the Fuchs- and Kampmühle, in the forest a steam cutting mill (sawmill) were built. In 1871 the Luschken (Łuźki) extension was built, and in 1873 the large paper mill started operations, which had been initiated by Otto von Bismarck and later developed under the name "Varziner Papierfabrik AG" into the largest company in Western Pomerania.
The first owner of Varzin that can be verified by name was Heinrich von Zitzewitz. The property in the three villages of Beßwitz, Jannewitz and Varzin was split up through inheritance . In 1692 Varzin came to the later (from 1723) Upper President of Pomerania Kaspar Otto von Massow , at that time court judge in Stargard in Pomerania .
Kaspar Otto von Massow sold it to Count Adam Joachim von Podewils in 1727 . The later heir Auguste Friederike von Podewils married the captain Konstantin Wener von Blumenthal in 1809, who bequeathed it to his second son Werner Ewald in 1844. On June 7, 1867, the then Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck bought Varzin from Werner Ewald von Blumenthal. Varzin remained in the possession of the von Bismarck family until 1945.
On May 17, 1939, Varzin had 746 inhabitants. At that time it belonged to the Rummelsburg district , after having belonged to the Schlawe district until 1882 . The district town of Rummelsburg (today: Miastko ) could be reached in 28 kilometers via a side street, the former district town of Schlawe ( Sławno ) was a little closer to the north . The station on the Reichsbahn line Stolp – Zollbrück – Rummelsburg – Neustettin was the village of Hammermühle ( Kępice ), six kilometers away .
Towards the end of the Second World War , Varzin was occupied by the Red Army in March 1945 . Soon afterwards the village was placed under Polish administration together with the whole of Western Pomerania . In Varzin, the immigration of Polish and Ukrainian civilians from areas east of the Curzon Line , who had fallen to the Soviet Union as part of the “ westward displacement of Poland ” , began. The German inhabitants were Varzins in the period that followed sold .
Population development
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1925 | 835 | including 829 Evangelicals and three Catholics |
| 1933 | 832 | |
| 1939 | 746 |
church
Until 1945
Varzin did not have its own church or cemetery. Rather, the village belonged to the parish of Wussow ( Osowo ) with all the localities belonging to the manor district . Wussow was Kirchort, the church patronage, however, was held by the von Bismarck family on Varzin and had sole voting rights, supported only by the co-patronage of the von Zitzewitz family on Püstow.
The parish Wussow belonged to the church district Schlawe in the church province Pomerania of the Protestant church of the Old Prussian Union until 1945 .
Since 1945
Today Warcino is part of the Parafia ( Parochie ) of the Kreuzkirche in Słupsk ( Stolp ) of the Polish Church of Augsburg, d. H. Lutheran Confession .
On August 17, 2012, the restored , half-timbered Protestant church from Ciecholub (Techlipp) was inaugurated in Warcino . Although it does not yet have any interior fittings, it is intended to be a meeting place for Christians of different denominations and nations. Clergy from the Protestant, Catholic and Orthodox Churches took part in the inauguration ceremony, among them Bishop Marcin Hintz from the diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .
Years of tough negotiations and laborious restoration work preceded the inauguration ceremony. In 2011, the restoration work was carried out on the grounds of the forest school in Warcino. This is where the church found its new place.
school
school-building
A schoolmaster is mentioned in Varzin as early as 1780. A school building with land is first mentioned in a law of November 30, 1814. The landlord was entitled to choose the headmaster. With the increase in the number of students following the construction of the Varziner paper mill, a new school building was necessary. It took place in 1924 on the road to Luschken. It contained two classrooms and two teacher's apartments. In 1937 137 children were taught by three teachers.
Teacher until 1945
- Fett, 1789-1812
- Christian Friedrich Probandt, until 1828
- Rattunde, 1828-1846
- Karl Heinrich Probandt, 1846–1871
- Julius Probandt (son of 4th), 1871–1910
Later still active until 1945: Hugo Schuck, Emil Störmer, Martha Krause and Traute Zedler.
The Bismarcks in Varzin
Otto von Bismarck , who later liked to refer to himself as a “Pomeranian Junker”, although he came from Schönhausen in the Altmark region, was nonetheless associated with Western Pomerania since his childhood. As a teenager he liked to go to Kniephof in the Naugard district in Pomerania to visit the estate that his father had inherited from a cousin. He spent his free time and holidays here, and from 1839 he also managed it himself.
On February 12, 1867, in recognition of his services to the good course of the German War of 1866, he received an endowment of 400,000 thalers, which was to be invested in property and capital at the request of the king. Bismarck bought the Varzin estate with all subsidiary holdings from Werner Ewald von Blumenthal. In 1847 he married Johanna von Puttkamer from nearby Reinfeld in Alt Kolziglow , and when her father died in 1871, the Reinfeld estate came under the ownership of Varziner.
After the princess's death in 1894, Bismarck ordered that his companion should find her final resting place at the place of her death, where the couple had spent many summers and winters. A small summer house, which was a favorite place of the princess, was converted into a simple burial chapel, and this is where the coffin was buried. Her body was later taken to Friedrichsruh , where she is buried next to her husband in the Bismarck mausoleum .
When Prince Otto von Bismarck died on July 30, 1898, the possessions fell to his second son, Count Wilhelm von Bismarck , who was then President of East Prussia . He died on May 30, 1901 in Varzin, his wife Sybille, née von Arnim (daughter of Bismarck's beloved sister Malwine von Arnim-Kröchlendorff), ran the business until 1921 and handed it over to her son Count Nikolaus von Bismarck. After his death on January 20, 1940, the Varziner property passed by way of succession to his son Count Rule von Bismarck.
Before the occupation of Varzin by the Red Army in March 1945, Countess Sybille von Bismarck did not flee, but stayed at Varzin Castle . She reportedly poisoned herself while the Red Army entered. She was buried in March 1945 at the hereditary funeral of the Bismarck family on the Richtberg. This hereditary burial of the Bismarck family was later, after 1957, blown up by the Polish state and the coffins broke open.
The last owner of Varzin, Count Rule von Bismarck, died on December 1, 1991 in Chile without leaving any descendants.
Around 1900, in a planned Bismarck district in Berlin-Friedenau , a Varziner Strasse was named after the estate. and also a Varziner Platz.
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the place
- Werner von Blumenthal-Suckow (1815–1883), manor owner and member of the Prussian House of Representatives and the constituent Reichstag of the North German Confederation
- Karl von Senden (1837–1913), manor owner and member of the Prussian manor house
Connected to the place
- In 1910 and 1911, the later writer and poet Walter Flex (1887–1917) worked in Varzin as the private tutor of Count Nikolaus von Bismarck. He wrote the text of the well-known traveling and hiking song " Wild geese rushing through the night ".
literature
- Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Vor and Hinter Pomerania . Part II, Volume 2: Description of the court district of the Royal. State colleges in Cößlin belonging to the Eastern Pomeranian districts . Stettin 1784, p. 810, no. 70, and p. 895, no. 82.
- The Rummelsburg district: a home book . Edited by District committee of the Rummelsburg district in 1938, new ed. v. Rummelsburg home district committee, Hamburg, 1979
- Siegfried buoy: Varzin and Hammermühle in the Rummelsburg district in Pomerania. Tradition and memories , Braunschweig, 1995
- Johannes Hinz: Pomerania. Signpost through an unforgettable country . Augsburg 1996
- Piotr Pilak: Zarys dziejów pałacu w Warcinie [Outline of the history of Varzin Castle]. Slupsk 2001
- The grave chapel of Princess Bismarck in Varzin . In: The Gazebo . Issue 8, 1895, pp. 132 ( full text [ Wikisource ]).
Web links
- Varzin manor house in the middle of the 19th century (Duncker collection) (PDF; 247 kB)
- Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association: The municipality of Varzin in the former Rummelsburg district in Pomerania . (2011).
- Photos of the village
Individual evidence
- ^ CIS 2011: Ludność w miejscowościach statystycznych według ekonomicznych grup wieku (Polish), March 31, 2011, accessed on February 19, 2018
- ↑ Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association: The municipality of Varzin in the former Rummelsburg district in Pomerania . (2011).
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. rummelsburg.html # ew39rumlyvarz. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ^ Report by Margrit Schlegel in: Die Pommersche Zeitung , volume 36, September 8, 2012, page 3.
- ^ The old half-timbered church Techlipp, district of Rummelsburg. A rescue operation.
- ↑ a b c d Hans-Ulrich Kuchenbäcker (arrangement): The district of Rummelsburg. A book of fate. Pommerscher Zentralverband, Lübeck 1985, p. 270.
- ^ Varziner Strasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein