Kępice
| Kępice | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Słupski | ||
| Gmina : | Kępice | ||
| Area : | 6.11 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 54 ° 15 ′ N , 16 ° 52 ′ E | ||
| Height : | 74 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 3689 (December 31, 2016) | ||
| Postal code : | 77-230 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 59 | ||
| License plate : | GSL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Ext. 208 : Barcino - Wielin | ||
| Rail route : | PKP route 405: Szczecinek – Słupsk | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
Kępice [ kɛmˈpʲit͡sɛ ] ( German hammer mill ) is a town in the powiat Słupski of the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name (gmina miejsko-wiejska).
Geographical location
The city is located in Western Pomerania , in the Wieprza (Wipper) valley , about 19 kilometers southeast of Sławno (Schlawe) and 45 kilometers east of Koszalin (Köslin) .
history
In the Wipper valley east of Varzin there was a hammer mill until the 19th century. On 7 June 1867, the former had Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck from him after the successful Austro-Prussian War approved allocation of 400,000 thalers purchased the manor Varzin by Werner Ewald von Blumenthal. In 1868, Bismarck had the Hammermühle paper factory built on the Wipper, followed by another larger plant in 1871, the so-called “Fuchsmühle”. These paper mills, which operated under the name “Varziner Papierfabrik AG” from 1889, developed into the largest industrial company in East Pomerania and an important producer of banknotes . New settlements were built around the plants. With the construction of the railway between Neustettin (Szczecinek) via Rummelsburg (Miastko) to Stolp (Słupsk) in 1878 , the industrial estate received a train station, and the railway line crossed between Schlawe (Sławno) and Bütow (Bytów ) in Zollbrück (Korzybie), seven kilometers to the north ) .
In 1898 Wilhelm von Bismarck (1851–1901), son of the Chancellor and President of East Prussia , became the new owner. After his death, the only son Wilhelm Nikolaus von Bismarck (1896–1940) inherited the Varziner property.
After hydropower plants were put into operation for the paper mill and a sawmill in 1890, a system of four hydropower plants for electricity generation was built in 1918 at the Wipper in Kampmühle (Kępka), Fuchsmühle (Kruszka), Beßwitz (Biesowice) and Hammermühle. All facilities except the one in Hammermühle were destroyed in the Second World War.
In the course of the rural community reform of 1928, the settlements of Fuchsmühle, Hammermühle, Kampmühle and the train station on Varziner Flur were merged to form a new community in the Rummelsburg district called Hammermühle. More and more people found work in the industrial town. The number of inhabitants rose to 2169 by 1939.
During World War II , paper mills used Polish labor and produced counterfeit US dollar and pound sterling bills to harm the American and British economies. Among the Polish workers there was an AK ODRA department of the military intelligence service , which was broken up by the Gestapo in 1944 . In addition, propellers and disks were produced as accessories for fighter planes in Hammermühle and Fuchsmühle during the war .
Between March 2nd and 4th, 1945, Hammermühle was captured by the Red Army after heavy fighting . The facilities of the paper mill were dismantled by the Soviet Army in 1945/46.
Until 1945 Hammermühle belonged to the district of Rummelsburg in the administrative district of Köslin in the Pomerania province of the German Empire .
After the end of the war, the place was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet Union , together with Western Pomerania . The immigration of Polish and Ukrainian civilians began. mostly from central Poland, but also came from areas east of the Curzon Line . The hammer mill was renamed Businko and then in 1947 Kępice . In the following time the German villagers were expelled .
Numerous houses fell into disrepair and were later replaced by new buildings. Instead of the dismantled paper and cellulose factory, a tannery started operations in 1957 . The Polish company Kępickie Zakłady Garbarskie Kegar , a company with around 1000 employees and branches in Białogard and Dębnica Kaszubska , was privatized in 1999. In 1958, the employees of the tannery rebuilt the dismantled hydropower plant in Kępice. In 1980 the power plant became the sponsorship of the power company from Słupsk . In 1996 the facilities were fundamentally modernized.
For the first 15 years after the war, Kępice was a collection of accommodations; It was not until January 1959 that it was named an urban settlement. Due to the tannery, the place grew quickly and received city rights in 1967 .
Population development
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1905 | 414 | |
| 1925 | 1,575 | including 1,534 Evangelicals and eleven Catholics |
| 1930 | 1,400 | |
| 1933 | 2.008 | |
| 1939 | 2,170 | |
| 1946 | 1.107 | |
| 1950 | 631 | |
| 1960 | 2,049 | |
| 1970 | 2,878 | |
| 1978 | 3,106 | |
| 1987 | 4.156 | |
| 2007 | 3,800 |
Gmina Kępice
The rural municipality of Kępice has an area of 293 square kilometers, with 10,155 inhabitants (2002). It comprises 15 school authorities with a total of 36 towns and places.
Community partnerships
- Bomlitz , Germany
Web links
- Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association: The community of Hammermühle in the former Rummelsburg district in Pomerania (2011)
- Website of the hydropower plant (German)
- City information (Polish)
- Early documents and newspaper articles on the Varziner paper mill in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
Footnotes
- ↑ Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association: The community of Hammermühle in the former Rummelsburg district in Pomerania (2011)
- ↑ a b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. rummelsburg.html # ew39rumlhham. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Główny Urząd Statystyczny, "LUDNOŚĆ - STAN I STRUKTURA W PRZEKROJU TERYTORIALNYM", as of June 30, 2007 ( Memento of February 16, 2008 in the Internet Archive )